GWAS in practical cattle breeding in Czech Republic, single step method, genetic progress

Development of genetic evaluation of animals is permanent process. It was going from estimated breeding value (EBV) calculated by CC-test, across a BLUP – animal model and RR-TDM, to the genomic enhanced breeding value (GEBV) using genetic markers. Methods of genetic evaluation become a part of marketing strategies of insemination companies. Therefore all countries and association of breeders seek to be compatible with others. Now we are in a period of massive global implementation of genomic evaluation, which combines traditional BLUP with huge quantity of genetic SNP markers. Multi-step procedures are now usual in practice, which work with deregressed proofs. Development of methods attained to the single-step procedure (ssGBLUP) which overcomes some difficulties of previous methods, improves reliabilities of evaluation and compares all animals, genotyped and ungenotyped, in entire nation-wide population. Genomic evaluation influence above all young genotyped animals. In Czech Republic single-step procedure is routinely used for national evaluation of milk, linear type traits, reproduction and longevity. GEBVs are accompanied by genomic reliabilities. Genetic trends over last 20 years are in some traits different for genomic evaluation compared to traditional BLUP evaluation, although input data and genetic parameters (heritability) are the same and genotyped animals were only small proportion from entire evaluated population. Differences in genetic trends increase mainly in new batches of animals. Reason of it could be in the changed variability of breeding values and “genomic correction” of relationship between animals, which is expanded from genotyped animals to others individuals in a population. Keywords: genomic breeding value, single-step, genomic relationship, genetic trend, SNP ReferencesBauer, J. et al. (2014) Approximation of the reliability of single-step genomic breeding values for dairy cattle in the Czech Republic. Anim. Sci. Papers and Reports, 32, pp. 301-306.Bauer, J., Přibyl, J. and Vostrý, L. (2015) Contribution of domestic production records and Interbull EBV on approximate reliabilities of single-step genomic breeding values in dairy cattle. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 60, 263-267.Candrák, J., Kadlečík O. and Schaeffer L.R. (1997) The use of test-day model for Slovak cattle populations. In: Proc. 48th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production, Vienna, Austria, August 25–28.Christensen,  O.F. and Lund, M.S. (2010) Genomic prediction when some animals are not genotyped. Genet.Sel.Evol. 42, pp. 2.Fisher, R.A. (1918) The correlation between relatives in the supposition of Mendelianinheritance. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 52, pp. 399-433.            Fragomeni, B.O. et al. (2015) Hot topic: Use of genomic recursions in single-step genomic best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) with a large number of genotypes. J. Dairy Sci., 98, pp. 4090-4094.Gao, H. et al. (2012) Comparison on genomic predictions using three GBLUP methods and two single step blending methods in the Nordic Holstein population. Genet. Sel.Evol. 44, pp. 8.Legarra A., Aguilar I. and Misztal, I. (2009) A relationship matrix including full pedigree and genomic information. J. Dairy Sci., 92, pp. 4656-4663.Masuda, Y. et al. (2016) Implementation of genomic recursions in single-step genomic best linear unbiased predictor for US Holsteins with a large number of genotyped animals. J. Dairy Sci., 99, pp. 1968-1974.Mendel, G.J. (1866) Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybriden. Verh. Naturforsch. Ver. Brünn 4, pp. 3–47 (1901, J. R. Hortic. Soc. 26, pp. 1–32).Meuwissen, T.H.E., Hayes, B.J. and Goddard, M.E. (2001) Prediction of total genetic value using genome-wide dense marker maps. Genetics, 157, pp. 1819–1829.Misztal, I., Legarra A. and Aguilar, I. (2009) Computing procedures for genetic evaluation including phenotypic, full pedigree, and genomic information. J. Dairy Sci., 92, pp. 4648–4655.Misztal, I. et al. (2013) Methods to approximate reliabilities in single-step genomic evaluation. J. Dairy Sci., 96, pp. 647-654.Pešek, P., Přibyl, J. and Vostrý, L. (2015) Genetic variances of SNP loci for milk yield in dairy cattle. J. Appl. Genet., 56, pp. 339-347.Přibyl, J. et al. (2014) Domestic and Interbull information in the single step genomic evaluation of Holstein milk production.  Czech J. Anim. Sci., 59, pp. 409-415.Přibyl, J. et al. (2015) Domestic estimated breeding values and genomic enhanced breeding values of bulls in comparison with their foreign genomic enhanced breeding values. Animal, 9, pp. 1635-1642.VanRaden, P.M. (2008) Efficient methods to compute genomic predictions. J. Dairy Sci., 91, pp. 4414–4423.VanRaden, P.M. et al. (2011) Genomic evaluations with many more genotypes. Genet. Sel.Evol. 43, pp. 10.Wright, S. (1921) Systems of mating. Genetics. 6, pp. 111-178.Zavadilová, L. et al. (2014) Single-step genomic evaluation for linear type traits of Holstein cows in Czech Republic. Anim. Sci. Papers and Reports vol. 32, pp. 201-208.

Audio effect for pitch modification

This thesis deals with the realisation of an effect for real-time pitch detection and pitch shifting. At first, properties and basic operations of audio signals are analyzed for time and frequency analysis. An emphasis is placed on signal conversion from the time domain to the frequency domain. Methods for audio pitch shifting, fundamental frequency detection and voiced parts determination are discussed next. The practical part describes design of relevant algorithms, their implementation in Matlab environment and evaluation of the results. Evaluation is followed by the creation of a VST plug-in for real-time pitch shifting, which contains chosen algorithms from the previous section and is the final output of this thesis

F. V. Mareš and his „Project of advance working for the Church Slavonic Dictionary"

The article evaluates the F. V. Mareš’s conception of Church Slavonic Dictionary from the year 1962

Utilising Biomass Fuel as Alternative to Lignite at Heating Plant of Trmice

Import 29/09/2010V úvodní části diplomové práce je popsán historický vývoj Teplárny Trmice jako zařízení, spalujícího od svého vzniku až po dnešní dny hnědé uhlí. V další části práce je detailně charakterizováno k tématu práce relevantní výrobní zařízení teplárny a majoritní vlivy spalování hnědého uhlí v tomto zařízení na životní prostředí. V další části práce je uvažováno spalování energeticky využitelné biomasy jako obnovitelné alternativy ke spalování hnědého uhlí. Jsou definovány technické aspekty, omezení a vlivy na spalovací zařízení a technologii spalování. Je charakterizována biomasa jako taková a její dostupnost jako paliva v regionu, přiléhajícím k Teplárně Trmice. Jsou vymezeny a tím limitovány podmínky pro její nákup a využití, včetně ekonomické stránky věci. V následující části práce je předpokládána alternativa spoluspalování biomasy ve směsi s hnědým uhlím a jsou analyzovány kvantitativní a kvalitativní dopady této činnosti na životní prostředí. V závěru diplomové práce jsou shrnuty závěry předchozích kapitol, definována doporučení a přijatelné alternativy řešení.The introductory part of my diploma work deals with a desription of historical development of Heat Plant Trmice as a facility burning coal since its establishment till nowadays. The next part describes its process equipment, which is considerably relevant to the topic of this thesis, as well as major influence of burning coal therein on the environment. The subsequent part considers burning of energy convertible biomass as a renewable alternative to burning brown coal. Technical aspects, limitation and influence on burning mechanism or technology of burning are all described there together with a definition of biomass itself and its availability in the neighbourhood of Heat Plant Trmice. Conditions for biomass purchase and use are determined and therefore limited, including economics. The following part offers an alternative of a co-burning of biomass mixed with brown coal and it analyses quantitative and qualitative impact of this activity on the environment. In the conclusion, the previous chapters are summed up and recommendations together with an acceptable alternative to solution are suggested there.Prezenční545 - Institut ekonomiky a systémů řízenívýborn

The Role of the Croat Glagolitical Sources in the Research of the Slavonic Old Testament

The paper contens the resultats of the textological analysis of the Provers in the Croat Glagolitical Breviaries

On the Roots of Church Slavonic Literature in the Slavonic Monastery in Prague

The article deals with the issue of Czech-Croatian cultural history and literary contacts which intensified after the foundation of the Slavonic Monastery in Prague in the mid-14th century. Greatest attention is paid to written sources for Church Slavonic and Czech Glagolitic literature that originated in the 2nd half of the 14th century and early 15th century which were used in this monastery. At first, the author presents the development specifications of Church Slavonic literature in Croatia and points out the historic circumstances which in the northern areas of the Croatian coast enabled the development of Church Slavonic written in the Glagolitic script for Roman liturgy. Attention is also paid to the development of respect for Bohemian saints in Latin and Croatian Glagolitic liturgical sources which in most cases gives evidence of their cult's existence in Croatia prior to the 14th century. The author of the study briefly reminds readers about the individual liturgical booklets of Croatian Glagolitic origin which were used for Slavonic liturgy not only in Croatia but also in the Slavonic Monastery in Prague

From the history of Greek-Old Church Slavonic Index

The article presents the discussion about the first conception of Greek-Old Church Slavonic Dictionary-Index in 70th years of 20th century. The article contains specimena of dictionary articles this Dictionary