Use of Arthrobotrys spp. in biocontrol of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Plant parasitic nematodes are well-known and devastating pathogens of many agricultural crops around the world. Among the plant phytoparasitic, root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are the economically important limiting factors in agricultural productivity and the quality of crops. One of the most destructive species of root-knot nematodes is Meloidogyne incognita among the most important plant pests which cause severe problems in economically important crops such as vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants. Root-knot nematodes can be managed by resistant cultivars, crop rotation, cultural practices, chemical nematicides and biocontrol agents. However, the use of nematicides can cause significant problems, including environmental pollution and long-term residue issues. Therefore, biological control with fungus is agriculturally useful an exciting and rapidly developing research area and especially there is growing attention to the exploitation of fungi for the control of nematodes. Nematophagous fungi are an important group of soil microorganisms that can suppress the populations of plant parasitic nematodes. These fungi can be divided into four main categories: endoparasitic fungi, nematode-trapping fungi, fungi that parasitic egg and female, and toxin-producing fungi. Among the nematophagous fungi, nematode-trapping fungi which are natural enemies of nematodes are the most studied. The nematode-trapping fungi develop hyphal structures. Arthrobotrys spp. are a well-known nematode-trapping fungus with biocontrol potential against root-knot nematodes, including M. incognita. The objective of this paper is to summarize the data on the potential for use of Arthrobotrys spp. in biocontrol of the root-knot nematode M. incognita. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1001564

The correlation between immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2 and the prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer

Objectives: The Objectives: The goal of the study was to evaluate the correlation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression with tumor spread, metastasis, survival and recurrence in early and advanced-stage Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC). Material and methods: Medical records of patients, hospitalized at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İzmir Ataturk Training and Research Hospital between 2003 and 2008, were reviewed. Patient age, tumor size, localization, histologic type and tumor grade, stage, metastasis status, patient outcomes and follow-up data were obtained from the records of the obstetrics and gynecology clinic, as well as during face-to-face or telephone interviews. Results: The percentage of MMP-2 staining (expression) in the epithelial cells was not significantly associated with tumor stage and grade, histologic type, tumor diameter, recurrence and overall survival (p>0.05). A significant correlation was found between the percentage of MMP-2 staining (expression) and metastasis status (p0.05), but was with histologic type (p0,05). Stromal staining (expression) of MMP-2 was not significantly correlated with tumor stage and grade, histologic type, tumor diameter and outcomes (p>0.05), but was with recurrence and presence of metastasis (p0.05), total score (p>0.05) and staining intensity (p>0.05). The association of disease-free survival with the percentage of MMP-2 staining (p>0.05), total score (p>0.05), staining intensity (p>0.05) and stromal staining (p>0.05) was not statistically significant. The survival of patients with positive stromal staining was significantly shorter compared to cases with negative stromal staining (

Sporadik İzole Fokomeli

Konjenital ekstremite anomalilerinin intrauterin dönemde ultrasonografi ile erken tespiti gerekli danışmanlığın verilebilmesi açısın- dan önemlidir. Bu makalede sporadik fokomeli olduğu düşünülen postmortem muayene sonuçlarıyla da bu tanı ile uyumlu olduğu görülen bir olgunun sunulması amaçlanmıştır. 20 yaşında, primigravid, kendisinin ve eşinin soygeçmişinde bilinen konjenital ano- mali öyküsü saptanmayan olgunun 22. gebelik haftasındaki obstetrik ultrasonografisinde fetal ekstremite anomalileri izlendi. Tanıyı doğrulayan postmortem radyolojik ve genetik incelemeler yapıldı. Eşlik eden ek malformasyon saptanmadı. Düşük materyalinden yapılan kromozom analizinde herhangi bir sayısal veya gross yapısal kromozom anomalisi gözlenmedi. Patolojik ultrasonografik ve sitogenetik bulgular ile tanı konulan iskelet anomalilerinin postnatal olarak da doğrulanması ailelere verilecek genetik danışma ve olası diğer gebelikler için uygun izlem olanakları sağlayacaktı

Biotyping of staphylococcus strains isolated from various sources and investigations on the methicillin resistance

Bu araştırmada Rutin teşhis laboratuarına getirilen klinik ve subklinik mastitisli ineklere ait 120 adet süt örneğinden 74 adet, 60 adet yara yeri svabı örneğinden 42 adet ve 20 adet idrar örneğinden ise 7 adet stafilokok suşu izole edildi. İzole edilen suşların identifikasyonları gerçekleştirilerek Stafilokok suşlarının tiplendirilmeleri yapıldı. Araştırmada koagulaz pozitif Stafilokok suşlarının slime değerleri (+, ++, +++, - ) sırasıyla % 15, % 12, % 32.8, % 40.2; koagulaz negatif Stafilokok suşlarının ise slime değerleri (+, ++, +++, - ) sırasıyla % 10.7, % 30.4, % 16.0, % 42.9 olarak belirlendi. Bu araştırmada tiplendirilmeleri gerçekleştirilen Stafilokok suşlarının 41 (% 33.3)'i Metisiline dirençli bulundu. Bu çalışmada, S. aureus suşları (% 46), S. intermedius suşları (% 37.5), S. haemolyticus suşları (% 43) ve S. cohnii subsp. cohnii suşlarının tamamı (%100) vankomisin ve teikoplanin'e aynı oranlarda dirençlilik göstermişlerdir. Bu çalışmada da tüm izolatların % 48'inin penisilin'e dirençli ve % 85 oranında eritromisine, % 83 oranında sulbactam + ampisilin'e ve % 79 oranında sulphamethaxsazole + trimethoprim'e duyarlı olduğu saptanmıştır. In this study, 74 Staphylococcus strains were isolated from 120 milk of dairy cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis, 42 Staphylococcus strains were isolated from 60 wound and 7 Staphylococcus strains were isolated from 20 urine. All Staphylococcus strains were biyotyping. This study, slime value (+, ++, +++, - ) of coagulase positive Staphylococcus strains were determined respectively 15%, 12%, 32.8%, 40.2% and coagulase negative strains were determined respectively 10.7%, 30.4%, 16.0%, 42.9%. Typed 41 (33.3%) Staphylococcus strains were found to resistant to methicillin in this study. In this study, S. aureus strains (46%), S .intermedius strains (37.5%), S. haemolyticus strains (43%) and all S.cohnii subsp cohnii strains (100%) were indicated similar resistance to vankomisin and teikoplanin. In this study, of 48% to all of strains were resistant to penicilin and 85% of all strains were found to be sensitive to eritromisin, 83% of all strains were found to be sensitive to sulbactam+ampicillin and 79% of all strains were found to be sensitive to sulphamethaxazole + trimethoprim

Silver Embroidery In Gaziantep

Bu araştırma günümüzde Gaziantep ilinde yapılan gümüş işlemeciliği ile ilgili bir kaynak oluşturacağı ve belgelendirileceği için önem taşımaktadır. Gaziantep ilindeki günümüz gümüş işlemeciliğinin ürün, malzeme ve yapım tekniklerini belirlemek amacı ile bu çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu araştırma model olarak, betimsel bir araştırmadır. Araştırmanın evrenini Gaziantep ilindeki gümüş işlemeciliği ile ilgili faaliyet gösteren atölye ve işletmeler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada Türkçe yazılı kaynaklar ve elektronik ortamda yapılan Türkçe kaynaklardan yararlanılmıştır. Günümüzde faaliyet gösteren atölye ve işletme sahiplerinin görüşünü alabilmek için anket uygulanmıştır. Aynı zamanda gümüş işlemeciliğinin Gaziantep'te ki geçmişi ve günümüzdeki durumu ile ilgili gümüş ustaları, işletme sahipleri ile yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilen bilgilerden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler incelendiğinde sektörde çalışanların büyük çoğunluğunun 40 yaş üzeri erkek, gümüş işlemeciliğinin meslek ustası veya aile tarafından öğretildiği ancak usta/çıraklık olarak daha fazla önce çıktığı saptanmıştır. Gümüş işlemeciliğinin atölyede yapıldığı malzemenin ürünün kalitesinde çok önemli bir rol oynadığı ve kaynak bulma zorluğunun olmadığı görülmüştür. Gümüş işlemeciliğinin tanıtımının fazla yapılmadığı ve bundan kaynaklı kişilerin ürünlerini kendilerinin pazarladığı saptanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler değerlendirilerek çözüm önerilerine yer verilmiştir.This study has been carried out for the determination of raw materials, production phases and final products on silver embroidery in Gaziantep. This research study mainly focuses on workshops and facilities that conduct silver embroidery in Gaziantep. During the study, written Turkish documents and electronic documents have been used as a source. In order to gather information and opinions of workshop owners a questionnaire was conducted interviews were held with silver masters and workshops' owners related to the past and present status of silver embroidery sector in Gaziantep. During the interviews valueable information was collected. When the findings were analyzed it was discovered that a majority of masters were male and over the age of 40 years old. The majority has learnt their profession through master/apprentice relationship model. Also it has been seen that raw material quality directly effects on product quality and there is not any difficulties to find raw material in the market. It has also been found that, manufacturers make their own marketing due to the very little advertisement. As a result, all data collected during site visits and researches has been evaluated and solutions were suggested in this study

The correlation between immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2 and the prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer

WOS: 000335208900006PubMed: 24745158Objectives: The Objectives: The goal of the study was to evaluate the correlation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression with tumor spread, metastasis, survival and recurrence in early and advanced-stage Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC). Material and methods: Medical records of patients, hospitalized at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Izmir Ataturk Training and Research Hospital between 2003 and 2008, were reviewed. Patient age, tumor size, localization, histologic type and tumor grade, stage, metastasis status, patient outcomes and follow-up data were obtained from the records of the obstetrics and gynecology clinic, as well as during face-to-face or telephone interviews. Results: The percentage of MMP-2 staining (expression) in the epithelial cells was not significantly associated with tumor stage and grade, histologic type, tumor diameter; recurrence and overall survival (p>0.05). A significant correlation was found between the percentage of MMP-2 staining (expression) and metastasis status (p0.05), but was with histologic type (p0,05). Stromal staining (expression) of MMP-2 was not significantly correlated with tumor stage and grade, histologic type, tumor diameter and outcomes (p>0.05), but was with recurrence and presence of metastasis (p0.05), total score (p>0.05) and staining intensity (p>0.05). The association of disease-free survival with the percentage of MMP-2 staining (p>0.05), total score (p>0.05), staining intensity (p>0.05) and stromal staining (p>0.05) was not statistically significant. The survival of patients with positive stromal staining was significantly shorter compared to cases with negative stromal staining (p<0.05). Conclusions: Large-scale, comprehensive research is needed to verify whether MMP 2 may be used as a routine prognostic factor for EOC

Correlation of Endometrial Glycodelin Expression and Pregnancy Outcome in Cases with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treated with Clomiphene Citrate Plus Metformin: A Controlled Study

Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between clomiphene citrate (CC) plus metformin treatment and endometrial glycodelin expression and to then correlate this relationship with pregnancy outcomes. Material and Methods. A total of 30 patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) according to the Rotterdam criteria constituted our study group. All had been admitted to the gynecology outpatient clinic between June 1, 2011, and January 1, 2012, for infertility treatment. Our control group consisted of 20 patients admitted for routine Pap smear control. They had no history of infertility and were not using contraceptives and they were actively attempting pregnancy. Midluteal progesterone measurement and pipelle endometrial biopsies were performed with both groups. For PCOS patients, metformin treatment was initiated right after the biopsy and CC was added in the second menstrual cycle. Pipelle endometrial biopsies were repeated. Histological dating and immunohistochemistry for glycodelin were performed by a single pathologist who was blinded to the patients’ clinical data. Result(s). The posttreatment ovulation rate in the study group was 93.3%. No pregnancies were achieved in either group when glycodelin expression was not present, even in the presence of ovulation. When glycodelin expression was high in PCOS group, the pregnancy rate was 60% and all pregnancies ended in live births. In weak expression group, however, three out of four pregnancies ended as early pregnancy losses. Conclusion(s). Endometrial glycodelin expression is an important predictor of pregnancy outcomes in both PCOS and fertile groups