Weeds of onion fields and effects of some herbicides on weeds in Cukurova region, Turkey

Weeds are one of the most important problems in onion (Allium cepa L.) production areas, since onion plants are poor competitors. This study was conducted in order to identify the weed species in onion fields in  Cukurova Region, establish the effects of some herbicides on weeds and the yield of onion in reducing the  existing phytotoxicity problem on onion plants between 2006 and 2007. A total of 105 weed species belonging  to 30 families were identified in fifty onion fields that were surveyed. Top five species were found as Medicago  polymorpha L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Avena sterilis L., Chenopodium album L. and Sinapis arvensis L. with 84, 74, 68, 66 and 66 frequencies (%), respectively. To determine the effects of herbicides on weeds and onion yield, the experiments were done in two different onion fields. Among the treatments, oxadiazon and   oxyfluorfen provided a better control than pendimethalin and tepraloxydim on weed coverage and density, but oxyfluorfen caused phytotoxicicity on onion even at reduced doses. Weed-free plots gave the highest yield  (16.2a kg/m2) and were followed by oxadiazon (11.9b kg/m2), oxyfluorfen (11.7b kg/m2), pendimethalin  (10.0c kg/m2), tepraloxydim (9.6c kg/m2) and weedy check (9.1c kg/m2). Results, in which weed-free check caused 76.3% increase in the onion yields when compared with weedy checks, show that weed control is very important for onion production.Key words: Weed, onion, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen

Primer registro de un juvenil de Sargocentron rubrum (Forsskål, 1775) del Mediterráneo Sudoriental, Turquía

In the present study, one juvenile specimen of redcoat Sargocentron rubrum (Forsskål, 1775) was first reported from the Mediterranean coast of Turkey with a visual record during an underwater survey conducted from the coast of Arsuz (Konacik), Iskenderun Bay, at a depth of 3 m, on September 11, 2018. The Family Holocentridae is currently represented in the Mediterranean by seven species, all exotic, six of them originate in the Red Sea (Lessepsian migrants) and one originates from the Atlantic.En el presente estudio, un espécimen juvenil de candil rojo Sargocentron rubrum (Forsskål, 1775) fue reportado por primera vez en la costa mediterránea de Turquía, mediante un registro visual durante un estudio submarino realizado desde la costa de Arsuz (Konacik), bahía de Iskenderun, a una profundidad de 3 m, el 11 de septiembre de 2018. La Familia Holocentridae está representada actualmente en el Mediterráneo por siete especies, todas exóticas, seis de ellas originarias del Mar Rojo (migrantes lessepsianos) y una originaria del Atlántico

La rara ocurrencia de la bertorella Gaidropsarus mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Osteichthyes: Gadiformes) en el sureste del Mediterráneo, Turquía

On 26 October 2021, one specimen of shore rockling Gaidropsarus mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758) was captured from Konacik, Iskenderun Bay (Southeastern Mediterranean, Turkey) with a commercial trawler at a depth of 50 m. The specimen measured 27.5 cm in total length and weighed 114.8 g. The present paper reports the rare occurrence of this species in Iskenderun Bay, Turkey (southeastern Mediterranean Sea). All measurements, counts, and color descriptions of G. mediterraneus agree with previous descriptions. The present study discusses its conservation in the area and the Mediterranean Sea.El 26 de octubre de 2021, un espécimen de Gaidropsarus mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758) fue capturado en Konacik, bahía de Iskenderun (sureste del Mediterráneo, Turquía) con arrastre comercial, a una profundidad de 50 m. El ejemplar medía 27,5 cm de longitud total y pesaba 114,8 g. El presente documento informa sobre la rara presencia de esta especie en la bahía de Iskenderun, Turquía (sureste del Mar Mediterráneo). Todas las medidas, recuentos y descripciones de color de G. mediterraneus concuerdan con las descripciones anteriores. El presente estudio discute su conservación en la zona y el Mar Mediterráneo

Between a rock and a hard place: corporate elites in the context of religion and secularism in Turkey

Drawing on discourse analyses of 36 in-depth interviews with elite business people from Turkey, the study identifies the networking patterns of new and established business elites in the context of economic liberalization and socioreligious transformation of the country. Through a comparative analysis of the so-called secular and religious elite networks, we demonstrate the role of institutional actors such as the government, and identity networks, based on religion and place of birth in shaping the form and content of social networks among business elites in Turkey. In order to achieve this, we operationalize Bourdieu's notion of theory of practice and Granovetter's theory of social networks, illustrating the utility of combining these approaches in explicating the form and content of social networks in their situated contexts, in which power and divergent interests are negotiated.Galatasaray University Research Fund [grant number 12.102.005]

Oxidative stress markers in severe preeclampsia and preeclampsia-related perinatal morbidity — preliminary report

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine maternal serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), paraoxonase (PON) and arylesterase levels in severe preeclamptic pregnants and also to investigate whether these parameters are implicated in the occurence of perinatal morbidity or not. Material and methods: A case-control study was carried out including 60 pregnant women (30 with severe preeclampsia and 30 healthy controls). The optimal cut off points of oxidative stress markers for the diagnosis of severe preeclampsia and for the prediction of adverse perinatal outcomes were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Multi­variate logistic regression analysis was used to determine if a relationship between adverse perinatal outcomes and serum oxidative stress markers was present or not. Results: TAS (OR = 37.486, 95% CI 3.535–397.519, p = 0.003), TOS (OR = 15.588, 95% CI 2.135–113.818, p = 0.007) and ary­lesterase (OR = 31.356, 95% CI 2.284–430.548, p = 0.01) were found to be diagnostic for preeclampsia. Statistically significant positive correlation of adverse perinatal outcomes with serum TAS, PON and arylesterase levels were determined. Besides, a significant negative correlation was found between serum TAS levels and gestational week (r = –0.342, p = 0.007) and also between serum PON levels and birthweight (r = –0.262, p = 0.043). Conclusions: Increased maternal serum TAS, TOS and arylesterase levels are significantly associated with the presence of severe preeclampsia. Furthermore, elevated maternal serum TAS, PON and arylesterase levels are significantly and positively correlated with adverse perinatal outcomes. We suggest that in preeclampsia increased oxidative status may cause adverse perinatal outcomes and antioxidants may be increased in order to protect the fetus against oxidative damage

Cantrell’s pentalogy: A case report

Cantrell’s pentalogy is a rare congenital malformation which consists of the supraumbilical abdominal wall defect, the defect in the lower sternum, the agenesis of the anterior portion of the diaphragm, the absence of the diaphragmatic part of the pericardium, and the structural cardiac anomaly. This congenital malformation has a high mortality rate of in the postnatal period. Its etiopathogenesis is not yet certain. It is thought to be due to the lack or inadequacy of the migration of lateral mesoderm in the early weeks of pregnancy. Five main phenotypic findings of Cantrell’s pentalogy may not always be present in the affected cases because of the alterations in the migration defects. The subjects diagnosed with Cantrell’s pentalogy can be examined in three categories based on the phenotypic features. This is a case report of a 13-week-old pregnancy which is diagnosed with Cantrell’s pentalogy due to the presence of cystic hygroma, ectopia cordis, omphalocele and atrioventricular septal defect.Cantrell pentalojisi; supraumbilikal torako-abdominal duvar defekti, diyafram ön kısmının olmaması, perikardın diyaframla ilişkili parçasının olmaması, sternum alt bölgesinde defekt ve kalp anomalileri ile tanımlanan, nadir görülen ve postnatal dönemde mortalite oranı yüksek seyreden bir doğumsal malformasyondur. Etyopatogenezi tam olarak bilinmese de gebeliğin erken haftalarında lateral mezodermin migrasyonundaki yetersizliğe ya da eksikliğe bağlı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Migrasyon yetersizliğindeki defekte ve oluştuğu gestasyonel haftadaki değişikliğe bağlı olarak, yukarıda sayılan beş ana fenotipik bulgu her zaman görülmeyebilir. Cantrell pentalojisi, kendi arasında görülen fenotipik özelliklere göre üç sınıfa ayrılır. Bu olgu sunumunda kistik higroma, ektopia kordis, atrioventriküler septal defekt ve omfalosel nedeniyle sevk edilen ve Cantrell pentalojisi tanısı konulan 13 haftalık bir gebelik tarif edilmiştir

Investigations on biological control of two common weeds, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Bermudagrass) and Cichorium intybus L. (Common Chicory) in Çukurova Region

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Köpek dişi aynğı) ve Cichorium intybus L. (Yabani hindiba) Çukurova Bölgesi'nde kültür alanları ve tarla kenannda sorun olan üd önemli yabancı ottur. Bu çalışmada adı geçen iki yabancı ot türünün Çukurova Bölgesi'ndeki yaygınlık ve yoğunluğu, biyolojik mücadelede kullanmak amacı ile üzerinde bulunan hastalık ve zararlı etmenleri ve bunların bulaşıldık oranlan araştırılmıştır. C. dactylon üzerinde hastalık' etmeni olarak Drecslera cynodontis (Marig.) Sub.&Jain, Ustilago cynodontis (Pass.) Henn., Puccinia cynodontis Lacroix, Fusarium poae (peck) Wollenweb ve Thripidae familyasından bir trips türü bulunmuştur. C. intybus üzerinde ise Amerosporium concinnum Petrak, Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. Ex Merat, Alternaria sp. ve Apbididae ve Tetranyclüdae familyalarına ait birer tür zararlı etmeni saptanmıştır. Ayrıca her iki yabancı ot türünün daha önce üzerlerinde saptanan ve ümitvar olduğu düşünülen İM fungal etmenle (A. concinnum ve D. cynodontis) ilgili olarak konukçuluk ve biyoetkinlik denemeleri yapılmıştır.Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (bermudagrass) and Cichorium intybus L. (common chicory) are main weeds of Çukurova Region. Distrubution and density of these weeds, natural enemies as biological control agents on these weeds and their infestion rate were determined in this study. Drechslera cynodontis (Marig.) Sub.&Jain, Ustilago cynodontis (Pass.) Henn., Puccinia cynodontis Lacroix, Fusarium poae (peck) Wollenweb as fungal pathogens and a specimen of Thripidae family were identified on C. dactylon. Fungi species, Amerosporium concinnum Petrak, Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. Ex Merat, Alternaria sp. and two species belonging to Aphididae and Tetranychidae family,respectively were found on C. intybus. Host range and bioeffectiveness tests of previously identified two promising fungi species (A. concinnum and D. cynodontis) were done in this study

Çukurova bölgesinde Stubborn [Spriroplasma Citri Sagilo]'un konukçu yabancı ot türlerinin,bu türlerin dağılımlarının ve konuk ettiği diğer fungal etmenlerle bulaşıklık oranlarının saptanması üzerine araştırmalar

TEZ1080Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 1991.Kaynakça (s. 117-124) var.x, 124 s. : res. ; 30 cm.

Centaurea solstitialis L.' in ve doğal düşmanı ceratapion' un Türkiye' nin güneyindeki yayılışı

Sarı Peygamber Çiçeği, Centaurea solstitialis L, Asteraceae familyasından tek yıllık bir yabancı ottur. Ülkemizde çayır-mera alanları, tarla ve yol kenarları ile bazı kültür alanlarında bulunmaktadır. Yabancı otun anavatanı Akdeniz ve Asya ülkeleridir. Yabancı otun mücadelesi için kimyasal ve alternatif mücadele yöntemleri araştırılmakta olup, araştırmalar özellikle ABD'de biyolojik mücadele üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Ülkemizde de çayır-mera alanlarında kimyasal bir yabancı ot mücadelesi mümkün olmadığından biyolojik mücadeleye yönelik olarak bu çalışma planlanmıştır. Türkiye'nin güney kısmında, 0-1623 m. yüksekliğindeki alanlarda bu yabancı otun kapladığı alan ortalama % 22,56 bulunmuştur. Sarı Peygamber Çiçeği üzerinde üç fungus türü ve 15 artropod türü saptanmıştır. Bunlar; Helminthosporium sp., Alternaria sp., Pucdnia sp., Bangasternus orientalis, Ceratapion basicorne, Ceratapion sp., Phytoeda humeralis, Eustenopus villosus, Haplothrips reuteri, Lixus cardui, Strophosoma melanorammum, Uroleucon jacea, Diplapion detritum, Larinus curtus, Larinus grisescens, Lixus scolopax, Urophora sp. ve Aceria solstitialis'dir. Bunlardan en fazla bulaşıklık oranına % 18,39 ile Ceratapion türleri sahip olup bir bitki l ila 6 arasında larva içermektedir. Bu böceğin bir önemi de yabancı otun tohumlan ile değil henüz rozet döneminde iken larvaların kök boğazında beslenmesinden kaynaklanmaktadır.Centaurea solstitialis L., yellow star thistle, is an annual weed that belongs to the family Asteraceae. In Turkey, this weed can be found in pasture areas, along roadsides, in cultivated areas and in field margins. Yellow star thistle is native to Mediterranean and western Asian countries. Alternative management.strategies to chemical control have been and still are being studied; for example, management strategies to control this weed in the USA concentrate on the biological control approach. In addition, chemical control methods in pasture areas are banned in Turkey, which led us to carry out this field study. The average percentage cover of yellow star thistle on the selected study sites ât an altitude of 0-1623 m in southern Turkey was 22.56%. Three fungi and 15 arthropod species were found on yellow star thistle during the survey and rearing study. These were Helminthosporium sp., A/ternaria sp.,.Puccinia sp., Bangasternus orientalis, Ceratapion basicorne, Ceratapion sp., Phytoetia humeralis, Eustenopus villosus, Haplothrips reuteri, Lixus cardui, Strophosoma melanorammum, Uroleucon jacea, Diplapion detritum, Larinus curtus, Larinus grisescens, Lixus scolopax, Urophora sp. and Aceria solstitialis. Among these species, Ceratapion spp. had the highest infestation rate (18.4%), and 1-6 larvae per attacked plant. An important observation made with regard to Ceratapion spp. was that they do not feed on yellow star thistle seeds, but their larvae mine the root crown of plants that have reached the rosette stage

Research on transmission of stubbron diease (Spiroplasma citri Saglio et al.) with johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.) in eastren mediterranean region

Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi turunçgil alanlarının en önemli mikoplazma benzeri hastalık etmenlerinden birisi olan Stubborn (Yediverenleşme) etmeni Spiroplasma cilri Saglio et al.' nin konukçusu olarak saptanan Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Geliç) ' nin hastalığı taşıması ile ilgili özellikleri laboratuvar koşullarında incelenmiştir. Sağlıklı ve infekteli S. halepense bitkilerinin tohumları ile rizomlarının ve bu rizomlardan elde edilen bitkilerin hastalığı taşıma durumları ELISA testi uygulanarak araştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar sağlıklı 5. halepense bitkilerinin rizomları ve bu rizomlarından yetişen yeni bitkilerin de sağlıklı olduğunu göstermiştir. Buna karşın infekteli S. halepense rizomları ELISA testinde negatif iken, bunlardan yetiştirilen bitkilerin % 60 oranında pozitif sonuç verdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Pozitif sonuç veren infekteli bitkilerin % 40' nida etmenin simptomları gözlenmiştir. Sağlıklı ve infekteli bitkilerin tohumlarından yetiştirilen bitkiler ise negatif sonuç veren infektesiz bitkiler olarak bulunmuşlardır.Stubborn disease caused by Spiroplasma citri Saglio et al. is one of the most important mycoplasma like disease in citrus plantation of Eastern Mediterranean Region. Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Johnsongrass) is determined as weed host of S. citri. The aspects of transmission via johnsongrass were studied in laboratory conditions. Regrow plants from healty and infected johnsongrass's rhizomes and seeds were tested against V. citri using ELISA. Results indicated that rhizomes of healty johnsongrass and their regrow plants were healty. When rhizomes of infected johnsongrasses were given negative results, regrow plants from diseased rhizomes were found to be infected 60 % with S. citri. 40 % of the plants that had given positive results showed disease symptoms. Plants grown from healty and infected johnsongrasses seeds were found to be healty