15 research outputs found
Chechnya: political and military vicious circle
Çeçenler tek başlarına veya diğer Kafkas milletleriyle beraber 1750’den beri Rus işgali ve yönetimine karşı direnmektedir. Bu direniş 1850’ler ve 1990’larda tepe noktasına çıkmıştır. Bu makalenin iddiası, bu iki tepe noktasında Çeçenlerin ve Rusların çözüm getirmeyen aynı stratejileri ve yöntemleri uyguladıkları ve geçmişten hiçbir ders almadıklarıdır. Bu kısırdöngü iyi analiz edilirse, gelecekte soruna barışçı çözüm bulmak mümkün olacaktır.Chechens have fought against Russian occupation and administration since 1750 by themselves or with other Caucasian nations. This struggle has reached its peak once in 1850s and then again in 1990s. The main thesis of this article is that both Chechens and Russians had applied the same pointless strategy and methods and that they had not learned anything from history. If this vicious circle is examined thoroughly, a peaceful conflict resolution will be available.No sponso
Birinci Dünya Savaşında Hicaz Cephesi ve Medine Savunması
Son yıllarda 1nci Dünya Savaşı’nın 100ncü yıldönümünün de etkisiyle genel olarak Arap İsyanı özel olarak da Fahreddin Paşa ve Medine Savunması geniş kesimlerin ilgisini çekmeye ve yayınlar yapılmaya başlamıştır. Ne yazık ki bu ilgi ve yayınlar temelinde bir isyan ve buna karşı icra edilen askeri harekâtı içeren bu konuyu daha anlaşılır ve bilinir yapmadığı gibi mevcut efsaneler pekiştirilmiş ve hatta yenileri icat edilmeye başlanmıştır. Her ne kadar Genelkurmay Askeri Tarih ve Stratejik Etüdler Başkanlığı 1978’de görünüşte oldukça kalın ve kapsamlı bir resmi askeri tarih kitabıyayınlamış olsa da, okunması ve anlaşılması güç olan bu kitap, literatüre ciddi bir katkı yapamamıştır. Görülen bu eksiklik çerçevesinde, bu makalede Hicaz’da 1nci Dünya Savaşı’nda cereyan eden Osmanlı askeri harekâtının temel bilgileri verilip incelenecektir.No sponso
SJÖGREN SENDROMLU HASTANIN ORAL BULGULARI VE DENTAL TEDAVİ YAKLAŞIMI: OLGU SUNUMU [Oral Findings and Dental Treatment Approach of the Patient with Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Case Report ]
ÖZET
Sjögren sendromu endokrin bezlerin, özellikle de lakrimal ve tükürük bezlerinin, bağışıklık sistemi ile yıkıma uğraması nedeniyle oluşan, göz kuruluğu (kseroftalmi) ve ağız kuruluğu (kserestomi) ile tanımlanan bir sendromdur. Hastalığın oral belirtileri olarak, yarıklı dil, mantar enfeksiyonları başta olmak üzere sık oral enfeksiyonlar ve özellikle kök yüzeylerinde olmak üzere özellikle köklerde ve kesicilerde yaygın çürükler görülmektedir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı Primer Sjögren sendromlu bir hastada hastalığın oral bulgularını ve dental tedavi yaklaşımını sunmaktır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Sjögren Sendromu, Ağız kuruluğu, Oral Sağlık
ABSTRACT
Public demand for tooth whitening has increased in recent Sjogren’s syndrome is defined as a syndrome of dry eyes (xerophthalmia) and dry mouth (xerostomia) due to immune destruction of endocrine glands, especially of the lacrimal and salivary glands. Oral manifestations of this disease include tongue fissures, frequent mouth infections including fungal infections, and rampant dental caries, especially at root and incisors.
The aim of this study is to present oral findings and dental treatment of a patient with Primer Sjögren Syndrome.
Keywords: Sjögren Syndrome, Xerostomia, Oral Healt
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Strong armies, slow adaptation: civil-military relations and diffusion of military power
Why are some states more willing to adopt military innovations than others? Why, for example, were the great powers of Europe able to successfully reform their military practices to better adapt to and participate in the so-called military revolution of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries while their most important extra-European competitor, the Ottoman Empire, failed to do so? This puzzle is best explained by two factors: civil-military relations and historical timing. In the Ottoman Empire, the emergence of an institutionally strong and internally cohesive army during the early stages of state formation—in the late fourteenth century—equipped the military with substantial bargaining powers. In contrast, the great powers of Europe drew heavily on private providers of military power during the military revolution and developed similar armies only by the second half of the seventeenth century, limiting the bargaining leverage of European militaries over their rulers. In essence, the Ottoman standing army was able to block reform efforts that it believed challenged its parochial interests. Absent a similar institutional challenge, European rulers initiated military reforms and motivated officers and military entrepreneurs to participate in the ongoing military revolution
Birinci Dünya Savaşında Hicaz Cephesi ve Medine Savunması
Son yıllarda 1nci Dünya Savaşı’nın 100ncü yıldönümünün de etkisiyle genel olarak Arap İsyanı özel olarak da Fahreddin Paşa ve Medine Savunması geniş kesimlerin ilgisini çekmeye ve yayınlar yapılmaya başlamıştır. Ne yazık ki bu ilgi ve yayınlar temelinde bir isyan ve buna karşı icra edilen askeri harekâtı içeren bu konuyu daha anlaşılır ve bilinir yapmadığı gibi mevcut efsaneler pekiştirilmiş ve hatta yenileri icat edilmeye başlanmıştır. Her ne kadar Genelkurmay Askeri Tarih ve Stratejik Etüdler Başkanlığı 1978’de görünüşte oldukça kalın ve kapsamlı bir resmi askeri tarih kitabıyayınlamış olsa da, okunması ve anlaşılması güç olan bu kitap, literatüre ciddi bir katkı yapamamıştır. Görülen bu eksiklik çerçevesinde, bu makalede Hicaz’da 1nci Dünya Savaşı’nda cereyan eden Osmanlı askeri harekâtının temel bilgileri verilip incelenecektir.No sponso
Phase Line Attila
This monograph will prove to be one of the more valuable works ever written on the efficacy of modern era amphibious warfare. While many students of military affairs have assumed that large-scale forcible entry amphibious operations are a thing of the past, the authors have done an outstanding job, in just eight concise and well-written chapters, to demonstrate how amphibious warfare, in combination with other joint operations, can prove decisive on modern-day battlefields. Covering a little-known combat operation that incredibly involved two neighboring North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) allies--Greece and Turkey--the 1974 battle known in Turkey as Operation Star Drop-4 and erroneously in the West as Operation Attila, took place on the perpetually restive island nation of Cyprus. Moreover, the authors have finally brought to light what is “arguably only one of two such [amphibious] operations” fought since 1945 that involved a substantially opposed landing. The operation also included the heavy use of airborne, airmobile, naval surface, and other follow-on armored forces that proved decisive toward relative Turkish success on Cyprus in 1974
Highly Fluorescent Pyrene-Functional Polystyrene Copolymer Nanofibers for Enhanced Sensing Performance of TNT
A pyrene-functional polystyrene copolymer
was prepared via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (Sharpless-type
click recation) between azide-functional styrene copolymer and 1-ethynylpyrene.
Subsequently, nanofibers of pyrene-functional polystyrene copolymer
were obtained by using electrospinning technique. The nanofibers thus
obtained, found to preserve their parent fluorescence nature, confirmed
the avoidance of aggregation during fiber formation. The trace detection
of trinitrotoluene (TNT) in water with a detection limit of 5 nM was
demonstrated, which is much lower than the maximum allowable limit
set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Interestingly, the
sensing performance was found to be selective toward TNT in water,
even in the presence of higher concentrations of toxic metal pollutants
such as Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, and Hg<sup>2+</sup>. The enhanced sensing performance was found to be due to
the enlarged contact area and intrinsic nanoporous fiber morphology.
Effortlessly, the visual colorimetric sensing performance can be seen
by naked eye with a color change in a response time of few seconds.
Furthermore, vapor-phase detection of TNT was studied, and the results
are discussed herein. In terms of practical application,
electrospun nanofibrous web of pyrene-functional polystyrene copolymer
has various salient features including flexibility, reproducibility,
and ease of use, and visual outputs increase their value and add to
their advantage