Aspects of the concept "computer literacy" in the conditions of higher professional pedagogical education

For young professionals information and communication technologies open access to knowledge, provide completely new opportunities for the acquisition of professional knowledge and creativity, and they are introduced to the values of world culture. Therefore, the formation of the information culture of the younger generation is a very important task

New Mineral Names,

n/

Semantics and Pragmatics of Palindromes in Language and Internet Communication

The semantic and pragmatic features of palindromes are considered as an important component of the Russian linguistic picture of the world. The question of establishing the scope and boundaries of the concept of “palindrome” is raised, the specificity of the analysis and interpretation of palindromes in modern linguistic science is characterized, the author’s schemes and classifications of palindromes are proposed based on their structure and semantics. Particular attention is paid to palindromes as an example of linguistic creativity, present both in a literary text and in virtual communication. A review of linguistic research on polyndromia is made. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that for the first time a comprehensive linguistic analysis of palindromes is carried out as an element of Internet communication, highlighting the most valuable topics and ideas that underlie the modeling of palindromes. It is proved that when palindromes are implemented in the current Internet space, their specificity changes: in contexts, there is a shift in emphasis from aesthetics (form) to pragmatics (content) of palindromes, which fully corresponds to the idea of an anthropocentric paradigm and a semantic-cognitive approach in the study of language

Recommendations for the Programme of Clinical Trials of Medicinal Products for the Treatment of Influenza

The development of new medicinal products to treat influenza is motivated by the limitations of existing treatment options, the emergence of drug resistance, and the health consequences of influenza epidemics associated with the highly contagious nature of the virus. Proper planning and implementation of clinical programmes providing reliable data on the efficacy and safety of medicinal products under development requires adherence to recommendations of the regulatory authorities. At the moment, the Russian Federation, the Eurasian Economic Union, and the European Union lack documented recommendations on conducting clinical trials of anti-influenza medicines. There is a need in national guidelines that will reflect the procedure for conducting clinical trials and establish the required amount of data to be submitted with marketing applications for new anti-influenza products. The aim of this study was to analyse possible regulatory approaches to planning clinical development programmes for anti-influenza medicinal products. The article pays particular attention to phase III studies, as the main studies confirming efficacy and safety. The authors described a clinical development strategy and the requirements for the volume and quality of efficacy and safety data. This article is based on the current Russian recommendations for the design and development of medicinal products and guidelines on their evaluation, as well as the recommendations by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The analysis results demonstrate the necessity for elaborating Russian recommendations for clinical studies of medicinal products for the treatment of influenza that will take into account the national legislation and clinical development practices. Such recommendations will streamline the implementation of new effective anti-influenza medicinal products

Использование машиннообучаемых потенциалов межатомного взаимодействия для изучения свойств кристаллических структур

In the process of modeling multilayer semiconductor nanostructures, it is important to quickly obtain accurate values the characteristics of the structure under consideration. One of these characteristics is the value of the interaction energy of atoms within the structure. The energy value is also important for obtaining other quantities, such as bulk modulus of the structure, shear modulus etc. The paper considers a machine learning based method for obtaining the interaction energy of two atoms. A model built on the basis of the Gaussian Approximation Potential (GAP) is trained on a previously prepared sample and allows predicting the energy values of atom pairs for test data. The values of the coordinates of the interacting atoms, the distance between the atoms, the value of the lattice constant of the structure, an indication of the type of interacting atoms, and also the value describing the environment of the atoms were used as features. The coordinates of the atoms, the distance between the atoms, the lattice constant of the structure, an indication of the type of interacting atoms, the value describing the environment of the atoms were used as features. The computational experiment was carried out with structures of Si, Ge and C. There were estimated the rate of obtaining the energy of interacting atoms and the accuracy of the obtained value. The characteristics of speed and accuracy were compared with the characteristics that were achieved using the many-particle interatomic potential — the Tersoff potential.В процессе моделирования многослойных полупроводниковых наноструктур существенную роль играет быстрое получение точных значений характеристик рассматриваемой структуры. Одной из таких характеристик является значение энергии взаимодействия атомов внутри структуры. Значение энергии важно для получения и других величин, таких как объемный модуль упругости структуры, модуль сдвига и др. В работе рассматриваются способ получения энергии взаимодействия двух атомов, основанный на методах машинного обучения. Модель, построенная на основе машиннообучаемого потенциала GAP (Gaussian Approximation Potential), обучается на заранее подготовленной выборке и позволяет предсказать значения энергии пар атомов для тестовых данных. В качестве признаков использовались значения координат взаимодействующих атомов, расстояние между атомами, значение постоянной решетки структуры, указание на тип взаимодействующих атомов, а также значение, описывающее окружение атомов.  Вычислительный эксперимент проводился с участием однокомпонентных соединений, таких как Si, Ge и С. Оценивались скорость получения энергии взаимодействующих атомов, а также точность полученного значения. Характеристики скорости и точности сравнивались со значениями, полученными с помощью многочастичного потенциала межатомного взаимодействия — потенциала Терсоффа.

Characteristics of Personal Value Motivational Sphere in Psychologists and Psychiatrists

Introduction. This study investigates the characteristics of personal value motivational sphere in psychologists and psychiatrists at the stage of professional self-realization. Previous studies in this field have mainly been focused on studying the formation of psychological readiness for work at the stage of professional training or when entering into professional activity. Further stages of the professionalization of physicians and psychologists are most often considered in the context of professional burnout. The presence of stressful situations and emotional tension are characteristic of professional activities of psychologists and psychiatrists. This study compares the characteristics of value motivational sphere in these professional groups. Methods. The study used the following techniques: (a) Diagnostics of Personal Motivational Structure, (b) Personality Orientation, (c) Cognitive Orientation, (d) MAS, (e) Motivation of Affiliation, (f) Motivation of Labor Activity, (g) Value Orientations, (h) Assessment of Satisfaction of Needs by the Method of Paired Comparisons, and (i) Degree of Tension. The differences between the two groups were assessed using Fisher’s angular transformation. Results. This study revealed certain differences in personal value motivational sphere in psychiatrists and psychologists. In the group of psychiatrists personal motivational orientation is more related to social status and livelihood. General activity and social utility are most important characteristics in the group of psychologists. Besides, psychologists are characterized by a high level of cognitive needs; needs for self-realization and social needs are more important for psychiatrists. The findings of the study correlate well with the characteristics of value orientations. Thus, the instrumental value of ‘education’ is more important for psychologists; the value of ‘tolerance’ is more important for psychiatrists. Discussion. The authors suggest that in the process of professional self-realization certain characteristics of value motivational sphere in psychiatrists and psychologists may contribute to the formation of their successful professional activity. On the contrary, there are characteristics of value motivational sphere that may lead to emotional burnout

Uterine leiomyoma in the pediatric population: literature review

Uterine fibroids are the most common benign neoplastic tumor of the uterus, occurring in adolescents with a frequency of less than 1%. According to literature data, 87.5% of young patients, as a rule, have a variety of symptoms, the most frequent of which is abnormal uterine bleeding, anemizing the patient, abdominal pain, abdominal enlargement in volume. Diagnosis in adolescent girls may be difficult, due to the rarity, as well as the presence of some limitations in the echographic examination performed, as a rule, by transabdominal access. Methods of treating leiomyomas in women are well known and are widely described in clinical guidelines ranging from surgical to medicinal, however, they are not standardized for the pediatric population. Currently, no more than 25 clinical observations have been described in the literature, which indicates the importance of accumulating clinical data in order to develop an optimal clinical approach aimed at preserving reproductive function in such patients

Многомасштабное моделирование кластеров точечных дефектов в полупроводниковых структурах

Clusters of point and extended defects, arising in semiconductors as a result of radiation exposure, allow structures to acquire various properties that can be used in the manufacture of new generation devices for nanoelectronics. Numerical simulation of semiconductor materials used to research such processes is a resource-intensive and multifaceted task. To solve it, the multiscale modeling complex was created and the multiscale composition containing instances of basic composition models was set. An algorithm was developed that allows speeding up calculations for systems of large dimensions and accounting for a large number of interacting atoms. The structure of silicon with a complex of point defects was considered as a model. Molecular dynamics simulation was performed using the multiparameter potential of Tersoff. For the calculations, an effective approach to the implementation of parallel computing was presented, and software for parallelizing the computations was used, placed on the hybrid high-performance computing complex of the FRC «Computer Science and Control» of Russian Academy of Science. To implement the parallelized algorithm, the OpenMP standard was used. This approach has significantly reduced the computational complexity of the calculations.It was shown that the developed high-performance software can significantly accelerate molecular dynamics calculations, such as the calculation of divacancy communication energy, due to the parallelization algorithm.Кластеры точечных и протяженных дефектов, возникающие в полупроводниках в результате радиационного воздействия, позволяют структурам приобретать различные свойства, которые могут быть использованы при изготовлении приборов нового поколения для наноэлекроники. Численное моделирование полупроводниковых материалов, применяемое для изучения таких процессов, — это ресурсоемкая и многограная задача. Для ее решения создан комплекс многомасштабного моделирования и задана многомасштабная композиция, содержащая экземпляры базовых моделей-композиций. Разработан алгоритм, позволяющий ускорять расчеты для систем больших размерностей и учета большого количества взаимодействующих атомов. В качестве модели рассмотрена структура кремния с комплексом точечных дефектов. Молекулярно-динамическое моделирование проведено с применением многопараметрического потенциала Терсоффа. Для расчетов представлен эффективный подход к осуществлению параллельных вычислений, и применены программные средства распараллеливания вычислений, размещенные на гибридном высокопроизводительном вычислительном комплексе ФИЦ «Информатика и управление» РАН. Для реализации распараллеленного алгоритма использован стандарт OpenMP. Такой подход позволил значительно снизить вычислительную сложность проводимых расчетов.Показано, что разработанное высокопроизводительное программное обеспечение может значительно ускорить молекулярно-динамические расчеты, в частности, такие как расчет энергии связи дивакансий за счет алгоритма распараллеливания

Рекомендации по программе клинических исследований лекарственных препаратов для лечения гриппа

The development of new medicinal products to treat influenza is motivated by the limitations of existing treatment options, the emergence of drug resistance, and the health consequences of influenza epidemics associated with the highly contagious nature of the virus. Proper planning and implementation of clinical programmes providing reliable data on the efficacy and safety of medicinal products under development requires adherence to recommendations of the regulatory authorities. At the moment, the Russian Federation, the Eurasian Economic Union, and the European Union lack documented recommendations on conducting clinical trials of anti-influenza medicines. There is a need in national guidelines that will reflect the procedure for conducting clinical trials and establish the required amount of data to be submitted with marketing applications for new anti-influenza products. The aim of this study was to analyse possible regulatory approaches to planning clinical development programmes for anti-influenza medicinal products. The article pays particular attention to phase III studies, as the main studies confirming efficacy and safety. The authors described a clinical development strategy and the requirements for the volume and quality of efficacy and safety data. This article is based on the current Russian recommendations for the design and development of medicinal products and guidelines on their evaluation, as well as the recommendations by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The analysis results demonstrate the necessity for elaborating Russian recommendations for clinical studies of medicinal products for the treatment of influenza that will take into account the national legislation and clinical development practices. Such recommendations will streamline the implementation of new effective anti-influenza medicinal products.Последствия вспышек эпидемий гриппа, связанных с высококонтагиозным характером инфекции, а также ограничения существующих методов лечения и возникновение лекарственной резистентности обуславливают актуальность разработки новых лекарственных препаратов для лечения этого заболевания. Надлежащее планирование программы и проведение клинических исследований, гарантирующих получение корректных данных об эффективности и безопасности разрабатываемых препаратов, обеспечивается соблюдением рекомендаций регуляторных органов. На данный момент в Российской Федерации и Евразийском экономическом союзе отсутствуют документы, содержащие рекомендации по проведению клинических исследований противогриппозных препаратов. Существует потребность в разработке отечественного руководства, отражающего порядок проведения клинических исследований, а также регламентирующего необходимый объем данных, которые должны быть представлены при регистрации новых противогриппозных препаратов. Цель работы — изучение основных возможных регуляторных подходов к планированию программ клинических исследований лекарственных препаратов для лечения гриппа. Особое внимание уделено клиническим исследованиям III фазы как основным исследованиям, подтверждающим эффективность и безопасность препарата. Описана стратегия клинических исследований препарата, требования к объему и качеству данных по эффективности и безопасности. Материал подготовлен на основе действующих рекомендаций к планированию и разработке лекарственных средств в Российской Федерации, руководства по экспертизе лекарственных средств и рекомендаций Управления по контролю за качеством продуктов питания и лекарственных средств США. В результате проведенного анализа показана необходимость разработки отечественных рекомендаций по проведению клинических исследований препаратов для лечения гриппа с учетом специфики юридических норм и традиций российской клинической практики. Разработка таких рекомендаций приведет к ускорению ввода в практику новых эффективных препаратов против гриппа