The Effect of High-Fat Diet and Exercise on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Glycemic Control

This study investigates the effects of chronic high-fat diet (HFD) and endurance training on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and glycemic control. Here we report that chronic HFD promotes hepatic steatosis to an extent, which impairs whole body glucose metabolism. Moreover, we illustrate the effectiveness of exercise in attenuating HFD-induced NAFLD. In addition to NAFLD treatment, exercise improves whole body glycemic control and insulin sensitivity. Measures of gluconeogenic markers indicate a reduction in gluconeogenesis (GNG) to be partially attributable to the improved glucose regulation. Importantly, we present the novel finding that chronic endurance exercise reduces the rate of hepatic glycogen synthesis despite improvements in glycemia. Thus, it appears glucose has alternate metabolic fates in the body which forces mobilization rather than storage of glucose in a trained system. Taken together, it appears exercise is an effective therapeutic tool, which can significantly improve the deleterious effects of chronic HF-feeding

Case Report: A difficult diagnosis to swallow

No Abstrac

A study of inflation effects on an EOQ model for Weibull deteriorating/ameliorating items with ramp type of demand and shortages

This paper deals with the effects of inflation and time discounting on an inventory model with general ramp type demand rate, time dependent (Weibull) deterioration rate and partial backlogging of unsatisfied demand. The model is studied under the replenishment policy, starting with shortages under two different types of backlogging rates, and their comparative study is also provided. We then use the computer software, MATLto find the optimal replenishment policies. Duration of positive inventory level is taken as the decision variable to minimize the total cost of the proposed system. Numerical examples are then taken to illustrate the solution procedure. Finally, sensitivity of the optimal solution to changes of the values of different system parameters is also studied

A study on the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Sri Lanka

Foreign Direct Investment plays a very important role in the growth of the country. It is very much vital in the case of developing countries. A typical characteristic of these developing economies is the fact that these economies do not have the needed level of savings in order to meet the required level of investment needed to sustain the growth of the economy. In such cases, foreign direct investment plays an important role of bridging the gap between the available capital and the required capital. It plays an important role in the long-term growth of a country not only as a source of capital but also for enhancing competitiveness of the domestic economy through transfer of technology, strengthening infrastructure, raising productivity and generating new employment opportunities. This paper analyses the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on economic growth and development of manufacturing exports in Sri Lanka. Time series data were collected between 1980 and 2010. Simple linear regression was employed to analyses the relationship between variables. Empirical results indicate that Foreign Direct Investment has positive relationship with economic growth and manufacturing export and are statistically insignificant in the Sri Lankan economy. The study seems to suggest that other factors rather than Foreign Direct Investment determining economic growth should be strength and to admire Foreign Direct Investment inflow, country must take care on the political stability and infrastructure Development

The role of socio–economic factors in education status of vamaradchchy division

In today’s world education helps man to live properly. In this respect, at present stage Third World Countries play an important role in the development of education. To suit this trend literacy development of Sri Lanka helps to provide free education. Even it is so, socio – economic factors gain importance in the decline of education level. In Asia, Sri Lanka is in the high rank in literacy (92.5%). It becomes important to carry out educational level research in the Vadamaradchchcy division which is in Jaffna district. The effort of the researcher is viewed as conducive to socio- economic factors, it helps to education and to the development of the region as well. Future education restructuring is indispensable considering the past education level. The research conducted in this respect would be very useful. In this way the, relationship was found out with the help of statistical methods. There is a negative relationship found between the level of education of parents, irregular attendance, socio – economic environment the number of children and educational achievement. In the education level of the school children of the research area is to identify on what extend and what type of influence are exerted by socio – economic factors also analyzed in this research. The schools in Karaveddy, Pointpedro, and Marujankeny in the Vadamaradchchy division were taken for research. 226 students from two developed schools and tow les developed school were subjected for this research and the role of socio – economic factors also analysed. This socio – economic factors such as school attendance, educational level of parent, their interests, displacement, education facilities, private education facilities, addiction to liquor of father, Family and socio economic levels, living environment, number of children in the family also influence the education level. The result for obtained considering the above hypothesis. In this respect socio –economic factors are found to have significant influence in the educational level of students in the research area

Willingness to pay for drinking water supply in Vavuniya UC area

This study covered Vavuniya Urban Council area, which includes eight (08) Gramasevager divisions and eleven wards. About 75,000 residents live in this UC area. The current water treatment facilities were built when there were a more than 20,000 families living here. The fifteen fold increase in population during last decade has made access to water a major public health concern. Families that can afford to buy bottled water do and those that cannot are susceptible to water borne disease at illness at an ever increasing rate. With this background, the aim of this study was to get an insight a present issue while estimating WTP for improved water service. Eight GS divisions within the UC limit were selected 50 households as sample sites, collecting information on current water needs, health concerns, household socio economic characteristics, and from a contingent valuation (CV) experiment, how much they would pay for access to improve water service in the home. Only 26%of households surveyed currently have a water meter. And the maximum that any house hold pays for water service is 1140/-. Eighty six percentage households are report buying water. Many household have private wells. Households‘ purching water outside the home has average expenditures of 705 Rs per month with the highest reporting 2400Rs per month. Further, willing to pay more for an improved water supply in vavuniya UC area showed that domestic consumers‘ willingness to pay more for an improved service was influenced by age of the head of the household, head of the house hold, household income, work, home owner, Education, and Payment of the water. Finally a conclusion can be derived that, in the urban area public willingness to pay of household a considerable attention for many factors when improved water service in vavuniya UC area

Marketing of subsidiary food items produced in Batticaloa district

Batticaloa District includes 14 Divisional secretariat Divisions. Out of these Divisions, Manmunai South Eruvil pattu division consists of 80% of the producers of subsidiary food items. They are engaged in producing various vegetables such as brinjals, long beans, ladies’ finger, and bitter gourd, for their livelihood. The production of these subsidiary food items play an important role in the economy of the people in this division. But, most of the producers of subsidiary food items experience heavy losses due to the problems occurring in marketing. The main aim of this research is to find out the problems faced by the producers of subsidiary food items in marketing in Batticaloa district. This research is carried out using product’s price fluctuation, intermediaries’ influence, varied nature of products, availabilityof marketing instructions and transport facilities as main variables. The hypothesis of this research is that “their is no major change in the demand and supply of subsidiary food items produced in the above district” In this research ,primary data and secondary data have been used. 150 famers were selected as samples at random and Questionnaires were issued to them Villages such as Cheddipalayam, Mangkadu, Thettathivu, Kaluthavalai, and Kaluvanchikudi,which engage in the production of subsidiary food items in Batticaloa district were selected and the samples taken at random. The data gathered were subjected to analysis through SPSS and Ms Excel-2007 and the inter standard deviation are expressed through charts and figures. On the basis of this research, considerable number of producers of subsidiary food items said that they face Marketing problems and due to this their income has been decreasing .It has been found that farmers in Batticaloa has been facing marketing problems because of price fluctuations that occur often ,lack of storage facilities, Varied nature of changing products, increased presence of intermediaries, and the local competition that results, non availability of business suggestions at the needed time

Switching dynamics of a two-dimensional nonlinear couplers in a photopolymer — a variational approach

We study the optical switching of the two-dimensional nonlinear coupler in a doped photopolymer. The coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations (CNLSEs) describing our coupler system are analysed using Lagrangian variational method. From the Lagrangian, a set of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) describing the system dynamics is obtained. This set of ODE’s is further reduced to single coupled equation and an analytical solution is obtained using the cnoidal functions and the system dynamics is studied. The key factor for switching mechanism of our coupler system is the metal-induced surface plasmon resonance (SPR). This SPR-induced local nonlinear effects results in self-focussing of the optical beam through the launched core. A description of a particle in a well is also made to study the photon switching through the coupler system

The role of non-govermental organizations in the development of Thiruvaiyaru village

The research named ―The role of Non- Governmental organizations in the development of Thiruvaiyaru village‖ is mainly centered on Thiruvaiyaru village in kilinochchi District. This is selected as the research area as this region is differentiated from other regions due to the displacement after the war in 2009which lasted for 30 years and resettlement that followed and also because this region is in need of much development. The primary aim of this research is to find out the way in which Non- Governmental Organizations contribute to improve the development of the research area, socially and economically. The special aim of the research are to find out the destructions that happened in this region during the last 20 years, Identity the problem faced by this region regarding development, Identity the activities of Non- Governmental Organizations in the development of this region and tell how these activities should be in future. And also to tell what activity should be carried out in order to improve the development of this region and to tell the feasibilities for same. The direct relationship between the economic development of the research area and the activities of Non- Governmental Organizations is the hypothesis of the research. The social development of the research area has improved due to the activities of Non- Governmental Organizations. In the rural development of the research area the activities of Non- Governmental Organizations have caused a favorable impact. The conclusions of the research area, Non- Governmental Organizations provided 65% of the contribution to the economic development of the village, they provide 48% of the contribution to the social development of the village. In rural development both economic and social development are included the activities of Non- Governmental Organizations provide 61% of the contribution towards rural development