Parroquia de san Nicolás de Pamplona, historia y arquitectura

Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado forma parte de los proyectos del archivo de patrimonio arquitectónico de la universidad EPSEB que se proponen desde el departamento de expresión gráfica por el profesor Benet Meca Acosta y trata sobre el proceso que se ha seguido para el levantamiento gráfico de la Iglesia de San Nicolás de Pamplona. En él se hace un recorrido a través de la historia del entorno y del edificio para entender el sentido y la importancia de la iglesia. Se hace una descripción del edificio para la comprensión del lector y se ayuda mediante fotografías para poder visualizarlo. El proceso llevado a cabo para el levantamiento esta detallado, explicando cuales han sido las fuentes de información consultadas, que herramientas se han utilizado para la medición, como se han realizado las mediciones, que programas se han utilizado para la creación de los planos y finalmente se incluyen los planos derivados de todo este trabajo realizado. Se ha elegido esta iglesia por encontrarse en la localidad del autor de este proyecto, de esta forma, la búsqueda de información y la toma de datos, ha resultado más sencilla a la hora de adquirirla. Este proyecto se ha realizado entre los meses de noviembre de 2015 y junio de 2016, habiendo realizado la matriculación en febrero de 2016

Delta-mediated cross-frequency coupling organizes oscillatory activity across the rat cortico-basal ganglia network

The brain's ability to integrate different behavioral and cognitive processes relies on its capacity to generate neural oscillations in a cooperative and coordinated manner. Cross-frequency coupling (CFC) has recently been proposed as one of the mechanisms involved in organizing brain activity. Here we investigated the phase-to-amplitude CFC (PA-CFC) patterns of the oscillatory activity in the cortico-basal ganglia network of healthy, freely moving rats. Within-structure analysis detected consistent PA-CFC patterns in the four regions analyzed, with the phase of delta waves modulating the amplitude of activity in the gamma (low-gamma ~50 Hz; high-gamma ~80 Hz) and high frequency ranges (high frequency oscillations HFO, ~150 Hz). Between-structure analysis revealed that the phase of delta waves parses the occurrence of transient episodes of coherence in the gamma and high frequency bands across the entire network, providing temporal windows of coherence between different structures. Significantly, this specific spatio-temporal organization was affected by the action of dopaminergic drugs. Taken together, our findings suggest that delta-mediated PA-CFC plays a key role in the organization of local and distant activities in the rat cortico-basal ganglia network by fine-tuning the timing of synchronization events across different structures. KEYWORDS: cortico-basal ganglia network; cross-frequency coupling; dopaminergic system; local field potentials; nested interactions; nested oscillations; oscillatory activit

Ketamine-induced oscillations in the motor circuit of the rat basal ganglia

Oscillatory activity can be widely recorded in the cortex and basal ganglia. This activity may play a role not only in the physiology of movement, perception and cognition, but also in the pathophysiology of psychiatric and neurological diseases like schizophrenia or Parkinson's disease. Ketamine administration has been shown to cause an increase in gamma activity in cortical and subcortical structures, and an increase in 150 Hz oscillations in the nucleus accumbens in healthy rats, together with hyperlocomotion.We recorded local field potentials from motor cortex, caudate-putamen (CPU), substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) in 20 awake rats before and after the administration of ketamine at three different subanesthetic doses (10, 25 and 50 mg/Kg), and saline as control condition. Motor behavior was semiautomatically quantified by custom-made software specifically developed for this setting.Ketamine induced coherent oscillations in low gamma (~ 50 Hz), high gamma (~ 80 Hz) and high frequency (HFO, ~ 150 Hz) bands, with different behavior in the four structures studied. While oscillatory activity at these three peaks was widespread across all structures, interactions showed a different pattern for each frequency band. Imaginary coherence at 150 Hz was maximum between motor cortex and the different basal ganglia nuclei, while low gamma coherence connected motor cortex with CPU and high gamma coherence was more constrained to the basal ganglia nuclei. Power at three bands correlated with the motor activity of the animal, but only coherence values in the HFO and high gamma range correlated with movement. Interactions in the low gamma band did not show a direct relationship to movement.These results suggest that the motor effects of ketamine administration may be primarily mediated by the induction of coherent widespread high-frequency activity in the motor circuit of the basal ganglia, together with a frequency-specific pattern of connectivity among the structures analyzed

Morphology and Microstructure Evolution of Gold Nanostructures in the Limited Volume Porous Matrices

The modern development of nanotechnology requires the discovery of simple approaches that ensure the controlled formation of functional nanostructures with a predetermined morphology. One of the simplest approaches is the self-assembly of nanostructures. The widespread implementation of self-assembly is limited by the complexity of controlled processes in a large volume where, due to the temperature, ion concentration, and other thermodynamics factors, local changes in diffusion-limited processes may occur, leading to unexpected nanostructure growth. The easiest ways to control the diffusion-limited processes are spatial limitation and localized growth of nanostructures in a porous matrix. In this paper, we propose to apply the method of controlled self-assembly of gold nanostructures in a limited pore volume of a silicon oxide matrix with submicron pore sizes. A detailed study of achieved gold nanostructures' morphology, microstructure, and surface composition at different formation stages is carried out to understand the peculiarities of realized nanostructures. Based on the obtained results, a mechanism for the growth of gold nanostructures in a limited volume, which can be used for the controlled formation of nanostructures with a predetermined geometry and composition, has been proposed. The results observed in the present study can be useful for the design of plasmonic-active surfaces for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based detection of ultra-low concentration of different chemical or biological analytes, where the size of the localized gold nanostructures is comparable with the spot area of the focused laser beam

Current atomic-level understanding of electrochemical nucleation and growth on low-energy surfaces

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Parroquia de san Nicolás de Pamplona, historia y arquitectura

Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado forma parte de los proyectos del archivo de patrimonio arquitectónico de la universidad EPSEB que se proponen desde el departamento de expresión gráfica por el profesor Benet Meca Acosta y trata sobre el proceso que se ha seguido para el levantamiento gráfico de la Iglesia de San Nicolás de Pamplona. En él se hace un recorrido a través de la historia del entorno y del edificio para entender el sentido y la importancia de la iglesia. Se hace una descripción del edificio para la comprensión del lector y se ayuda mediante fotografías para poder visualizarlo. El proceso llevado a cabo para el levantamiento esta detallado, explicando cuales han sido las fuentes de información consultadas, que herramientas se han utilizado para la medición, como se han realizado las mediciones, que programas se han utilizado para la creación de los planos y finalmente se incluyen los planos derivados de todo este trabajo realizado. Se ha elegido esta iglesia por encontrarse en la localidad del autor de este proyecto, de esta forma, la búsqueda de información y la toma de datos, ha resultado más sencilla a la hora de adquirirla. Este proyecto se ha realizado entre los meses de noviembre de 2015 y junio de 2016, habiendo realizado la matriculación en febrero de 2016

Electrodeposition of nanostructured catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion: Current trends and innovative strategies

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New Insights in Nano-electrodeposition: An Electrochemical Aggregative Growth Mechanism

textcopyright Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. Supported nanostructures represent the cornerstone for numerous applications in different fields such as electrocatalysis (fuel cells) or electroanalysis (sensors). In contrast to other methods, electrochemical deposition allows the growth of the nanostructures directly on the final support, improving the electron pathway within the substrate, nanostructure, and electrolyte. However, despite the increasing number of publications in the field, the early stages of electrochemical nanocrystal formation are still under discussion. In this chapter, we first provide a survey on the traditional approaches to study the early stages of electrochemical nucleation and growth, together with the classical theories used to understand them. Next, we describe our most recent findings which have led to reformulate the Volmer-Weber island growth mechanism into an electrochemical aggregative growth mechanism which mimics the atomistic processes of the early stages of thin-film growth by considering nanoclusters of few nm as building blocks instead of single atoms. We prove that the early stages of nanoelectrodeposition are strongly affected by nanocluster selflimiting growth, surface diffusion, aggregation, and coalescence.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Transition between kinetic and diffusion control during the initial stages of electrochemical growth using numerical modelling

Understanding properly electrochemical nucleation and growth phenomena is crucial for a wide range of highly active research and technological fields. In this paper, we use a Finite Element Method to solve a Time Dependent Multi-ion Transport and Reaction Model (FEM-TD-MITReM) to report on the growth of an isolated nucleus. This approach takes into account the transport driven by diffusion and migration of all species in the electrolyte together with the electrochemical reactions at the electrode boundary. The numerical results show that, a nucleus which is smaller than a critical size, even after the application of a sufficiently large overpotential, always starts to grow under kinetic control. In later stages, a transition from kinetic to mixed and to diffusion control takes place. The corresponding transition times between growth regimes have been identified and are found to be inversely proportional to the concentration of active species and to decrease exponentially with overpotential and linearly with the initial nucleus size. Both effects are more pronounced in the transition from kinetic to mixed control. Interestingly, under the conditions used for the current simulations, typical from experimental nucleation and growth studies, a few seconds are needed to achieve diffusion control. This implies that, although experiments under similar conditions are normally described by growth under diffusion control, such theory is only valid for sufficiently large active surface. As a consequence, kinetic and mixed control regimes cannot be neglected for a proper interpretation of electrochemical nucleation and growth phenomena. These findings provide a significant benchmark for correctly describing, modelling and interpreting the early stages of electrochemical growth without making assumptions on the diffusional or kinetic limitations.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Numerical insights into the early stages of nanoscale electrodeposition: nanocluster surface diffusion and aggregative growth

Fundamental understanding of the early stages of electrodeposition at the nanoscale is key to address the challenges in a wide range of applications. Despite having been studied for decades, a...info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe