Evaluating Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) assistance on Spanish regional economic growth

In the process of decentralisation of regional policy, the European Union is delegating greater responsibility to Regional Governments in the promotion of regional economic growth and development. Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) would play a significant role as public agencies coordinating economic growth, promotion and development strategies in their respective territorial areas. In recent years, regional policy evaluation has been a theme under much debate internationally much of which has been spurred on through the significant EU Structural Funds transfers from the 1990s. Despite this, there are still few well-established methodologies to aid the evaluation process, the measure of efficiency and this remains a serious issue with which researchers in this field continue to grapple. In this way, an important question, in any evaluation, regarding the effectiveness of RDAs, is about what would have happened in the absence of financial assistance. This paper develops a methodology to evaluate the impact of RDAs in comparison with the total increase in regional economic growth and changes. So, we are interested in measure how much of the global changes in regional development, during a period, is due to the direct contribution of RDAs activity. In this way, it must be considered four main issues, specific of agencies performance, as the creation of SMEs, internationalization firms, R+D+i expenses and, finally competitiveness effects.

Metamorphism in the roots of mountain belts and its effect on rock technical properties : A case study of the Eastern Segment, Sveconorwegian orogen

Deciphering the metamorphic evolution of the roots of mountain belts is essential for understanding deep tectonic processes involved in mountain building. The Sveconorwegian orogen in southwestern Scandinavia, formed during the Rodinia assembly in the transition between the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic Eras, has been exhumed and provides access to interior deep structural levels of the ancient mountain belt. The Eastern Segment of the Sveconorwegian Province corresponds to the underthrusting continental crustal block that was metamorphosed under variable temperature conditions and differences in the availability of hydrous fluids. As a result, the bedrock across the Eastern Segment has different mineral assemblages and textural characteristics.This thesis investigates the metamorphic behaviour of the deep-seated bedrock in the Eastern Segment from two approaches. Bedrock is a widely exploited raw material in Sweden for use in crushed aggregate production. The performance of aggregates is steered by the textural and mineralogical properties, which, in turn, are determined by the geological processes. The first part of the study aims to assess the influence of metamorphic conditions on the technical properties of crushed bedrock aggregates. The second part focuses on the metamorphic evolution resulting from the limited introduction of hydrous fluids in a ~25 km wide discrete deformation zone with steeply dipping and anastomosing structures in the easternmost part of the Eastern Segment. At the present erosion level, this deformation zone delimits the Sveconorwegian ductile deformation to the east.The results of the first two studies indicate that technical properties of bedrock vary systematically with the macro-fabric and microtextures across the Eastern Segment. Rocks of granitic and gabbroic compositions show a close relationship between the mode of recrystallization and the resistance to fragmentation and wear. Changes in the state of recrystallization reflect the differences in the metamorphic temperature and availability of hydrous fluids. As a result, rocks show variations in the mineral assemblage, size, and shape of the crystals. High performance of aggregates is linked to high textural complexity, which is characterized by non-uniform grain-size distributions and irregular grain boundaries. In granitic and gabbroic rocks, these textural parameters stemmed from metamorphism under low availability of hydrous fluids and at variable temperatures, below 600 °C and above 750 °C. In granites, the recrystallization of quartz and feldspar at these conditions yielded complex rock textures. In gabbroic rocks, however, the textural complexity is determined by the preservation of relict igneous textures due to limited hydration. High-grade metamorphism associated with hydration and partial melting yielded low resistance of granitic and gabbroic aggregates to fragmentation and wear. This investigation illustrates how knowledge of metamorphic processes effectively supports the prediction of functional properties of bedrock aggregates.Two following studies focus on the metamorphic evolution within the easternmost deformation zone of the Sveconorwegian Province. Textural analysis linked to petrological and geochronological data was performed on samples from a key locality of Mesoproterozoic syenodiorite, in which the syenodioritic rock preserves different states of deformation and metamorphic recrystallization. The textural relationships show partial to complete replacements of the primary igneous minerals, including the formation of metamorphic zircon at the expense of igneous baddeleyite and zirconolite. The findings demonstrate that metamorphic reactions were induced by the influx of hydrous fluid in deformed zones. The deformation assisted the infiltration of hydrous fluid, resulting in different states of recrystallization and deformation: while fully recrystallized rocks record equilibrium at 540–600 °C and 9–12 kbar, rocks in undeformed domains remained in a metastable near-pristine igneous state. This study contributes to the understanding of the metamorphic processes that operated at depths of 35–40 km within a ductile deformation zone in the easternmost part of the Eastern Segment and the frontal parts of the Sveconorwegian orogen

La pena como mecanismo de resocialización en Colombia

Artículo de investigaciónA medida que la sociedad evoluciona, también lo hacen las funciones de la pena, como lo ha demostrado la historia universal, estas transformaciones se dan en función de las nuevas formas de Estado o de ejercer justicia. La función de la pena en Colombia tiene como fundamento el prevenir y resocializar al condenado, de tal manera que las penas contribuyan al orden social y para hacer que el penado no reincida en los hechos, se reincorpore a la colectividad sin ocasionar más perjuicios y para que se convierta en un referente social que limite el ejercicio de conductas delictivas. No obstante, los objetivos que se persiguen con este sistema, referido en el código penal, distan mucho de la realidad, en tal sentido se plantea un análisis crítico frente a la pena en Colombia, sus características, procedimientos, garantías y funcionalidad en un Estado social, democrático y de derecho como el colombiano.1. Introducción 2. La Pena 3. Jurisprudencia 4. Conclusiones 5. Medidas Propuestas, ReferenciasPregradoAbogad

Philosophy of science: a discipline between the scientific and humanistic cultures

El presente artículo tiene por objetivos tanto (i) visibilizar la importancia y necesidad de crear espacios de mediación en el terreno educativo entre lo que se ha denominado como cultura humanística y cultura científica, como (ii) señalar la posibilidad concreta de hallar en la Historia y la Filosofía de la Ciencia un espacio en el que estas dos culturas convergen. La búsqueda de espacios de mediación no es un asunto banal, la ciencia es un elemento estructural fundamental de nuestras sociedades y, por ello, una mejor comprensión de este fenómeno en el ámbito educativo repercutirá positivamente en su integración y desarrollo dentro de las democracias actuales.The aim of this paper is (i) to make explicit the importance and necessity of creating spaces of mediation in the educational field between humanistic and scientific cultures, and (ii) to point out the concrete possibility of finding a convergence zone in History and Philosophy of Science. The pursuit for mediation fields of knowledge between these two cultures is not a trivial matter: science is a fundamental structural element of our societies and, therefore, a better understanding of this phenomenon and its relationship with the humanities will have a positive impact on its integration and development within current democracies

Responsibility through Anticipation? The ‘Future Talk’ and the Quest for Plausibility in the Governance of Emerging Technologies

In anticipatory governance (AG) and responsible innovation (RI), anticipation is a key theoretical and practical dimension for promoting a more responsible governance of new and emerging sciences and technologies. Yet, anticipation has been subjected to a range of criticisms, such that many now see it as unnecessary for AG and RI. According to Alfred Nordmann, practices engaging with ‘the future’, when performed under certain conditions, may reify the future, diminish our ability to see what is happening, and/or reproduce the illusion of control over the future. Several authors have stressed that these critiques fail to capture the heterogeneous character of anticipatory practices, and yet research on the question of what particular kind of socio-epistemic engagements with ‘the future’ AG and RI aim to enact through anticipation remains fragmentary and their underlying rationale under-theorised. This article aims to advance the theoretical characterisation and problematisation of anticipation as key interventive tools for AG and RI. By distinguishing between four modes of anticipation and heuristically testing them against Nordmann’s critiques, the article argues that despite his assessment failing to recognise the heterogeneity of anticipatory practices considered valuable for AG and RI, it reinforces the relevance of performing certain modes of anticipatory exercises, namely critical-hermeneutic ones. Thus, anticipation continues to be a necessary heuristic dimension for AG and RI. More concretely, the article maintains that such anticipatory heuristics may find their radical constructive and critical-reflective character in the dynamics of inclusive scrutiny and negotiation about the (im)plausibility and (un)desirability of the envisioned or (co-)created futures.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Open Access funding provided by the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. The current article was written during a research stay at the University of Twente (Dept. of Philosophy). The author acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Industry, Economy and Competitiveness (Government of Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund under Grant BES-2016–079192, and from the Vice-rectorate for Research of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU under Grants PPGA19/23 and GIU19/051. Any shortcomings remain the responsibility of the author

Plan de cuidados de enfermería y recomendaciones al alta en el paciente pediátrico con mucopolisacaridosis

Las Mucopolisacaridosis son un conjunto de enfermedades metabólicas hereditarias en las que existe un déficit de una de las once enzimas lisosomales que intervienen en el catabolismo de los glucosaminoglicanos, que se acumulan en los lisosomas de las células produciendo numerosas alteraciones físicas e incluso mentales. Las Mucupolisacaridosis están incluidas en las denominadas “enfermedades raras” por su baja incidencia, pero presentan un elevado índice de mortalidad, ya que se manifiestan en etapas tempranas de la vida y no existe tratamiento curativo ni un método de diagnóstico prenatal o neonatal sistematizado. Como toda patología pediátrica, especialmente las que desembocarán en una muerte prematura, será necesaria una atención integral, abarcando al paciente y a su entorno (padres), que serán quienes proporcionen los debidos cuidados que irán aumentando en complejidad y requerirán de más formación e información, dado el carácter incapacitante de los síntomas. Los enfermos de Mucopolisacaridosis precisan multitud de ingresos hospitalarios, ya sea para la realización de pruebas diagnósticas, para la administración de tratamientos (en cualquier caso sintomáticos) o, como ocurre en la mayoría de las ocasiones, para estabilizar su situación tras las múltiples complicaciones asociadas a su enfermedad. Por todo ello, la enfermería tiene un papel crucial en la mejora de la calidad de vida de estos pacientes y sus familiares, por lo que se propone un completo plan de cuidados específico que se adapta a las necesidades de los pacientes durante los ingresos hospitalarios, así como unas Recomendaciones al alta estructuradas, para orientar a los cuidadores durante la enfermedad.Grado en Enfermerí

Comunidades dobles en la Hispania romana

En el presente trabajo se analizan los asentamientos hispanos que son nombrados como gemella o gemina por las fuentes clásicas. El objetivo del mismo es la interpretación de dichos apelativos a través del estudio de las fuentes que los transmiten y su comparación con los datos que la epigrafía y la arqueología aportan al respecto.The present study analyzes Hispanic settlements identified as gemella or gemina by the classical sources. The objective is the interpretation of such appellatives through the study of the sources transmitting them and the comparison with both epigraphical and archaeological data

The "item ab Hispali Cordvbam" in the Ptolemy's "Geographia". A proposal to interpret the Ptolemaic map-making method

En el presente estudio se analiza la ubicación que Ptolomeo dio a las poblaciones del Item ab “Hispali Cordubam” (vía VIII de “Hispania” del “Itinerario de Antonino”) en la “Geographia”. El objetivo de este análisis es revelar el sistema de localización empleado por el autor para su posicionamiento, sus posibles fuentes y sus métodos de cálculo. Para ello se realiza un examen crítico de las dos obras y se comparan las distancias deducidas de las coordenadas ptolemaicas con las transmitidas por el “Itinerario de Antonino” y la realidad.This study analyzes the position given by Ptolemy to the towns of the “Item ab Hispali Cordubam” (VIIIth itinerary of “Hispania of the Antonine Itinerary”) in his “Geographia”. The aim of this analysis is to reveal the locating system used by the author in order to place these towns, his sources and his calculation method. This study includes a critical examination of the texts and a comparison between the distances deduced from the Ptolemaic coordinates, those transmitted by the “Antonine Itinerary”, and the real ones

Enacting anticipatory heuristics: a tentative methodological proposal for steering responsible innovation

This article was partially written during a research stay at the the Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). The author would like to thank especially to Knut H. Sørensen for his kind insights on early drafts of this work. Any inaccuracies remain the responsibility of the author.Over the past decade, various normative frameworks that aim to promote more responsible governance of research and innovation in terms of better aligning with society's demands and expectations have emerged. Among the common aspects of these normative frameworks and proposals is the reliance on foresight and/or anticipation as a key interventive dimension or instrument. The article reviews the main challenges to which anticipation has been explicitly or implicitly directed and the respective methodological approaches that have been associated with them. In doing so, the article diagnoses a fragmentation in the methodological treatment of the different challenges. Against this fragmentation, a multi-foresight methodology is proposed. The proposed methodology not only addresses the fragmentation problem by embracing the different challenges posed to foresight/anticipation for promoting more socio-politically responsible technoscientific and innovation practices, but also aims to minimise the uncritical reification of futures.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Spanish State Research Agency under Project Grant PID2020-114279RB-I00, and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund under Grant BES-2016-079192