Una formulación tradicional de poli-hierbas mejora la función cognitiva en ratones C57BL / 6

Introduction: Khamira Gawzaban Ambari Jadwar Ood Saleeb Wala (KGAJOS) is a polyherbal compound Unani Pharmacopoeial formulation described in traditional Unani texts as Muqawwi-e-Aza-e-Raeesa (tonic for brain, heart, liver and stomach). KGAJOS is reported to possess anxiolytic and antidepressant activity in mice. Though it is used clinically for various neurological conditions, preclinical efficacy of this formulation in learning and memory enhancement / improvement is not established. Method: KGAJOS was evaluated for cognitive function improvement activity using Morris water maze test in C57BL/6 mice. Piracetam was used as positive control for comparison. Anymaze video tracking software was used for tracking the path of mice in pool as per standard protocol. Results: During probe trial in Morris water maze test, a significant increase in time spent in platform quadrant was observed at 1000 and 1500 mg/kg bw of KGAJOS (p<0.01 and 0.001, respectively) as well as in piracetam group (p<0.01) compared to vehicle control. Latency to reach the platform quadrant (escape latency) was significantly reduced (p<0.001) in piracetam and KGAJOS group at 1000 and 1500 mg/kg bw compared to vehicle control. No change in time spent in platform quadrant and escape latency was observed at 500 mg/kg bw of KGAJOS. Conclusions: Morris water maze experiment conducted in mice revealed improved learning and memory function of KGAJOS at the dose levels of 1000 and 1500 mg/kg bw whereas 500 mg/kg bw was not found to be effective. Observed efficacy of KGAJOS confirmed the traditional claims and usage of this formulation in conditions associated with cognition and memory.Introducción: Khamira Gawzaban Ambari Jadwar Ood Saleeb Wala (KGAJOS) es una formulación de Unani compuesto de poliherbal descrito como tónico para el cerebro, corazón, hígado y estómago. Este estudio se realizó para evaluar la eficacia preclínica de KGAJOS en el aprendizaje y la memoria. Método: Se evaluó la actividad de mejora de la función cognitiva de KGAJOS utilizando la prueba de laberinto de agua de Morris en ratones C57BL / 6. Se utilizó piracetam como control positivo. Se utilizó el software de seguimiento de video Anymaze para rastrear la ruta. Resultados: Durante la prueba de la sonda, se observó un aumento significativo en el tiempo empleado en el cuadrante de la plataforma a 1000 y 1500 mg / kg de peso corporal de KGAJOS (p <0,01 y 0,001, respectivamente) y en el grupo de piracetam (p <0,01) en comparación con el control. La latencia para alcanzar el cuadrante de la plataforma (latencia de escape) se redujo significativamente (p <0,001) en el grupo de piracetam y KGAJOS a 1000 y 1500 mg / kg de peso corporal en comparación con el control. Conclusiones: El experimento del laberinto de agua de Morris reveló una mejora en la función de aprendizaje y memoria con 1000 y 1500 mg / kg de peso corporal de KGAJOS, mientras que 500 mg / kg de peso corporal no fue efectivo. La eficacia observada de KGAJOS confirmó las afirmaciones tradicionales y el uso de esta formulación en condiciones asociadas con la cognición y la memoria.Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of Indi

The Global Polio Eradication Initiatives: From Past to Present

The war against infections is one that has been remuneration all through the history of human. In this centuries-long effort the worldwide population has prepared remarkable advancement in stopping infections, therapeutic infections, and enlarging living expectancies. Up till now for all our successes, only once in history 30 years ago, with smallpox made completely eliminate an infection from the earth. Now a days we are on the entrance of eradicating the earth of polio an infection able of crippling and killing many children. The story of polio is both lengthy and hesitant. The arrival of efficient vaccines in the 1950s facilitated polio prevention, and the resultant struggles were victorious wildly, however confronts still continue (Plan, 2011)

Physical activity, smoking, and genetic predisposition to obesity in people from Pakistan:the PROMIS study

Background: Multiple genetic variants have been reliably associated with obesity-related traits in Europeans, but little is known about their associations and interactions with lifestyle factors in South Asians. Methods: In 16,157 Pakistani adults (8232 controls; 7925 diagnosed with myocardial infarction [MI]) enrolled in the PROMIS Study, we tested whether: a) BMI-associated loci, individually or in aggregate (as a genetic risk score - GRS), are associated with BMI; b) physical activity and smoking modify the association of these loci with BMI. Analyses were adjusted for age, age(2), sex, MI (yes/no), and population substructure. Results: Of 95 SNPs studied here, 73 showed directionally consistent effects on BMI as reported in Europeans. Each additional BMI-raising allele of the GRS was associated with 0.04 (SE = 0.01) kg/m(2) higher BMI (P = 4.5 x 10(-14)). We observed nominal evidence of interactions of CLIP1 rs11583200 (P-interaction = 0.014), CADM2 rs13078960 (P-interaction = 0.037) and GALNT10 rs7715256 (P-interaction = 0.048) with physical activity, and PTBP2 rs11165643 (P-interaction = 0.045), HIP1 rs1167827 (P-interaction = 0.015), C6orf106 rs205262 (P-interaction = 0.032) and GRID1 rs7899106 (P-interaction = 0.043) with smoking on BMI. Conclusions: Most BMI-associated loci have directionally consistent effects on BMI in Pakistanis and Europeans. There were suggestive interactions of established BMI-related SNPs with smoking or physical activity

MUSLIM FEMINISTIC NARRATIVE IN POETRY: A LITERARY ANALYSIS OF FAHMIDA RIAZ'S POEMS

Background and Purpose: Fahmida Riaz was able to articulate precise feminist politics through her voice because she was audible to many women in the Pakistani context. The current study investigates how her &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;writings about the female body were not merely a tool to celebrate or raise the sexual distance, but also influenced a political intervention and shifted the dominant patriarchal structures present in literary as well as other social and political levels. The purpose of the research is to shed light on how a specific poet's voice was able to reach a large audience of women and articulate explicitly feminist politics in Pakistan. &nbsp; Methodology: The Feminist Discourse Analysis (FCDA), another dimension of CDA, is employed in the analysis. The application of the FCDA model is adapted to examine how textual representations of gendered practices produce and sustain one gender power and dominance over the other. For the study, an operational method based on four models has been developed: the Fairclough Model, the Porreca Model (Porreca, 1984), Halliday's Transitivity Model (1985), and the FCDA (Lazar, 2005). &nbsp; Findings: The findings clearly demonstrated how power abuse and gender domination are explicitly present in women's literature. The analysis discusses in detail how gender is constructed in these poems, and how this construction gave women a new perspective on life and defined how they are exploited in the name of social and religious cultures. &nbsp; Contributions: With the rise of religious extremism in Pakistan, the male-dominated patriarchal narrative is receiving renewed attention. However, based on the findings obtained, &nbsp;greater attention should be paid to the female narrative and the discourse produced by female writers. A similar analysis can be performed on the writings of Kishwar Naheed, another feminist writer, to gain a better understanding of the poetics of Muslim Feminist Narrative. &nbsp; Keywords: Feminist politics, feminist critical discourse analysis, Porreca Model, Halliday’s transitivity model. &nbsp; Cite as: Basra, Z., Alvi, U. F., &amp; Nadeem, M. (2022). Muslim feministic narrative in poetry: A literary analysis of Fehmida Riaz’s poems. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(2), 424-443. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss2pp424-44

Gender-Based Variation in The Academic Performance of Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To determine the gender-based variation in the academic performance of medical students. Methodology: This cross-sectional was carried out from January to February 2023. The students were taught two Physiology and two anatomy lectures, then after a month, the theory BCQs test of a total of 150 marks and viva-voce and OSPE of 150 marks (Total 300 marks) from the same taught topics, was conducted. The gender-based difference in the grade of students was tested using the Chi-Square test. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 23.0.  Results: Among (n=290) students, 117(40.34%) were male students while 173(56.66%) were the female students. Among the 117 male students, the mean±sd of total marks was 164.8 ±38.67 out of a total of 300 marks, while among the 173 female students, the mean±sd of total marks was 181.50±30.90 out of a total of 300 marks. There was a statistically significant difference in the score of students based on gender (p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: According to this study's findings, there was notable gender discrepancies among undergraduates and female students performed much better academically than male students, as indicated by the cumulative grade point average they earned at the university. There was a statistically significant difference in the score of students based on gender (p&lt;0.01)

Una formulación tradicional de poli-hierbas mejora la función cognitiva en ratones C57BL / 6

Introducción: Khamira Gawzaban Ambari Jadwar Ood Saleeb Wala (KGAJOS) es una formulación de Unani compuesto de poliherbal descrito como tónico para el cerebro, corazón, hígado y estómago. Este estudio se realizó para evaluar la eficacia preclínica de KGAJOS en el aprendizaje y la memoria.Método: Se evaluó la actividad de mejora de la función cognitiva de KGAJOS utilizando la prueba de laberinto de agua de Morris en ratones C57BL / 6. Se utilizó piracetam como control positivo. Se utilizó el software de seguimiento de video Anymaze para rastrear la ruta.Resultados: Durante la prueba de la sonda, se observó un aumento significativo en el tiempo empleado en el cuadrante de la plataforma a 1000 y 1500 mg / kg de peso corporal de KGAJOS (p &lt;0,01 y 0,001, respectivamente) y en el grupo de piracetam (p &lt;0,01) en comparación con el control. La latencia para alcanzar el cuadrante de la plataforma (latencia de escape) se redujo significativamente (p &lt;0,001) en el grupo de piracetam y KGAJOS a 1000 y 1500 mg / kg de peso corporal en comparación con el control.Conclusiones: El experimento del laberinto de agua de Morris reveló una mejora en la función de aprendizaje y memoria con 1000 y 1500 mg / kg de peso corporal de KGAJOS, mientras que 500 mg / kg de peso corporal no fue efectivo. La eficacia observada de KGAJOS confirmó las afirmaciones tradicionales y el uso de esta formulación en condiciones asociadas con la cognición y la memoria.

Is the child at risk? Cardiovascular remodelling in children born to diabetic mothers

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess differences in myocardial systolic and diastolic function and vascular function in children 2-5 years of age born to diabetic as compared to non-diabetic mothers.Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort conducted in 2016 at The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. It included children between 2 and 5 years of age born to mothers with and without exposure to diabetes in utero (n = 68 in each group) and who were appropriate for gestational age. Myocardial morphology and function using echocardiogram and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and pulse wave velocity was performed to evaluate cardiac function as well as macrovascular remodelling in these children. Multiple linear regression was used to compare the groups.Results: There was no significant difference in cardiac morphology, myocardial systolic and diastolic function, and macrovascular assessment between the exposed and unexposed groups of AGA children. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a significantly decreased mitral E/A ratio in children whose mothers were on medications as compared to those on dietary control (median [IQR] = 1.7 [1.6-1.9] and 1.56 [1.4-1.7], respectively, p = 0.02), and a higher cIMT in children whose mothers were on medication as compared to controls (0.48 [0.44-0.52] and 0.46 [0.44-0.50], respectively, p = 0.03).Conclusion: In utero exposure to uncontrolled maternal diabetes has an effect on the cardiovascular structure and function in children aged 2-5 years. However, future work requires long-term follow-up from fetal to adult life to assess these changes over the life course

IoT for Development of Smart Dairy Farming

Internet of things (IoT) and data-driven techniques are creating greater opportunities for smart dairy farming. The demand for milk is continuously increasing due to increasing population of the world. The consumption of the dairy products is more in developed countries as compared to developing countries. To meet this increased demand for milk products, better technological techniques for improving milk yield are required. It is expected that the use of IoT and different AI techniques can assist a farmer to overcome different traditional farming challenges and increase the milk production. In this research, the authors address different challenges that a dairy farmer has to face in daily life. Brief introduction of smart dairy farming (SDF) is presented with respect to the innovation in production and the processes of smart dairy farming. This review focuses on different aspects of smart dairy farming, and finally a state-of-the-art framework that can assist the farmers to increase the milk yield by using different latest technologies has been proposed. These technological methods can decrease the factors negatively affecting milk production and increase those positively affecting production with minimal resources

IoT for Development of Smart Dairy Farming

Internet of things (IoT) and data-driven techniques are creating greater opportunities for smart dairy farming. The demand for milk is continuously increasing due to increasing population of the world. The consumption of the dairy products is more in developed countries as compared to developing countries. To meet this increased demand for milk products, better technological techniques for improving milk yield are required. It is expected that the use of IoT and different AI techniques can assist a farmer to overcome different traditional farming challenges and increase the milk production. In this research, the authors address different challenges that a dairy farmer has to face in daily life. Brief introduction of smart dairy farming (SDF) is presented with respect to the innovation in production and the processes of smart dairy farming. This review focuses on different aspects of smart dairy farming, and finally a state-of-the-art framework that can assist the farmers to increase the milk yield by using different latest technologies has been proposed. These technological methods can decrease the factors negatively affecting milk production and increase those positively affecting production with minimal resources