The Role of Management in Increasing Students’ Satisfaction: Investigating Culture, Price and Reputation of Universities of Pakistan

Title: this research paper investigates the role of university management in increasing students’ satisfaction by checking the role of culture, price and reputation of universities of Pakistan. Management qualities of a university plays an important role in the development of students’ satisfaction, and directly or indirectly influences their satisfaction level. It is argued that university management should focus on culture development and lowering down tution price to increase satisfaction level and reputation of the university. This study made use of 5-point Likert scale questionnaire to find out the management quality factors. A total of 150 students from different universities were investigated through this questionnaire. SPSS 21 software was used for the investigation through regression and correlation analysis. Convenience sampling method was used, due to lack of time and resources for approaching the respondents. Only the university respondents were inquired to find out their satisfaction level. The results obtained were segmented into six hypothesis. Five hypothesis were accepted. It was found that students were not satisfied with management quality and culture of their universities. While correlation between management quality and students’ satisfaction was found positive. The students are not happy with service timing and its quality provided by the university management. The relationship between university reputation and management quality through correlation was found to be negative. Tution fee of the investigated universities is very high, which is also a reason students’ do not like service quality even after paying high fees

Academic Library and Students\u27 Learning at University Level: Nothing is Pleasanter than Exploring a Library

This study has been aligned to examine the effect of the role of the academic library on students’ learning at the university level. The administration of academic libraries has been found to facilitate university students in the global south and global north. For this study, a cross-sectional survey has been conducted at the Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Pakistan. A sample of 131 BS program students has been sampled from the Department of Sociology and Psychology. A total of 120 students have participated in the survey. A well-structured questionnaire has been used as a tool of data collection to measure the response of the students consisting of sections including identification, the socio-demographic, role of the academic library, and student learning. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis have been employed to draw results and conclusions. The study finding indicates that the role of the academic library has a favorable significant effect on students learning at the university level. The study also points out that the academic library has been playing a vital role to facilitate university students. The study concludes that study spaces and library catalog facilities have favorable effects on students\u27 learning at the university level by controlling the age of students

Role of Beta Blockers and Band Ligation in upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding.

Objective: To sort out the combine role of beta blockers and band ligation in upper gastrointestinal bleeding Methodology: In this prospective observational study 563 patients were included, (mean age 47 ±6 years, males 69%) with liver cirrhosis and deterioration from Medical ward Mayo hospital Lahore. All the patients had cirrhosis and esophageal varices confirmed by endoscopy. In hospital cirrhotic patients with hypertension and liver cell deteriorations. All the record of betablocker use and band ligation was carefully recorded. Data regarding patient presentation and characteristics were keenly monitored and observe with treatment and improvement as major variables. Mortality was taken as major influential factor. Linear regression model was used. Results: Overall, there were 426 patients getting pharmacological treatment and have band ligation treatment simultaneously. One Hundred and thirty-seven had gastrointestinal bleeding during study time. Standard deviation of patients who had no recurrence of bleeding from last two years was 67±4. Low level of serum albumin, presence of ascites, and treatment with betablockers were the only independent variables that directly influenced the bleeding. The percentage of patients who had only once bleeding during study period was 23±2 percent. The major effects by be ta blockers were preserving after band ligation of source of bleeding. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that best treatment of bleeding in upper gastrointestinal tract is beta blockers, with the use of b and ligation where it is needed. Strict monitoring and guidelines should be under consideration before stop the beta blockers upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients.  Keywords: Beta blockers, Band Ligation, Upper Gastrointestinal Trac

Conceptual study on Nidana of Pakshaghata

Health and ailing, pleasure and pain, ease and disease are inborn properties of human life, centuries and centuries succeeded in struggle between man and disease. The infliction of pain, either on mind or body or both is what Vyadhi means. Pakshaghata is one such Vyadhi where mind and body both are inflicted. Pakshaghat can be correlated with hemiplegia (due to hypertension). Hemiplegia is paralysis of one half of the body i.e. upper & lower limbs of the same side. It may be associated with weakness of facial muscle on the same side (ipsilateral hemiplegia) or opposite side (contralateral hemiplegia). Here in the present study an effort is made to better understand nidana of Pakshaghata (hemiplegia)

Social Entrepreneurship in Pakistan: Challenges and Prospects

Social Entrepreneurship (SE) benefits the society by helping to achieve social and economic goals. SE is receiving scholarly attention around the globe but its development is still moderate in Pakistan. Despite the growing trend, the dominant focus of scholars remains the ideological debate about the meaning and definition of SE. Such an approach inhibits the exploration of its other facets. Casting the gap in literature, this paper aims to find out the challenges and prospects that social entrepreneurs face in their journey, specifically in Pakistan. Keeping in view the emerging importance of this sector, this study discusses the findings of 14 in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted with leading social entrepreneurs, practitioners and academicians related to the field to understand the phenomenon at hand. Drawing upon the findings of the study, useful insights have been put forth as its theoretical contribution. Moreover, local and national government can benefit from the findings to enhance consciousness regarding the fourth sector of the economy, eventually augmenting the available social capital

Entrepreneurial Finance: Exploring the Drivers and Challenges Faced by Young Pakistani Entrepreneurs

Within the last decade, the popularity of entrepreneurship rose exponentially all over the world; however, research in this field within the context of developing countries is still lacking. Generally speaking, accessibility and availability of financial support is one of the most significant factors affecting an entrepreneur’s venture when it is in its initial stages. This is especially true in the case of developing countries such as Pakistan. For this reason, this study explored the drivers and challenges faced by Pakistani entrepreneurs regarding the access to and availability of financial support. Data was collected through 65 semi-structured interviews of budding Pakistani entrepreneurs until the saturation point was reached. Afterwards, the interviews were transcribed and imported to NVivo 12 plus, which was used to conduct a thematic analysis of the interviews. The major findings of the research revealed that entrepreneurs face many challenges with regards to the access and availability of financial support in Pakistan. Additionally, according to the respondents, the entrepreneurial journey in Pakistan is laden with challenges and has minimum drivers (opportunities available to the entrepreneurs). The respondents also expressed a lack of awareness and downright distrust of the government-sponsored financial support schemes.&nbsp

Evaluating the status of vitamin 25(OH) D levels among females of all age groups in Karachi, Pakistan.

Introduction: Vitamin D plays an important role in growth, metabolism and reproduction. Deficiency of this vitamin is highly prevalent globally and leads to various disorders besides different skeletal deformities. Women of different reproductive ages are at higher risk of developing bone diseases because of low vitamin D levels. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiencies in females of different ages in Karachi, Pakistan Methodology: A retrospective investigation of vitamin D levels during a six month period at the Clinical Lab, Al-Khidmat Diagnostic Center, Karachi; Pakistan was performed.  Serum vitamin 25(OH) D levels of 1035 female were measured by Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay. The data was analyzed through SPSS version 16. Results: Among 1035 participants of different reproductive ages, 26.1% (n= 270) showed severe vitamin D deficiency, 44.3% (n=458) displayed mild to moderate Vitamin D deficiency while 29.7% (n=307) were having normal levels of serum vitamin D. Results: The data of 1035 subjects was examined and the mean serum vitamin 25(OH) D levels of the studied subjects were found as 21.04±14.13 with the minimum and maximum range of 4.97ng/ml to 70.71ng/ml Conclusion: 70.4 % of our studied population had lower levels of vitamin D representing that the majority of Pakistani womenfolk have vitamin D Deficiency. Keywords: Vitamin 25 (OH) D levels, Female population, Karachi. &nbsp

Pharmaceutical Activity of Medicinal Plant Amaranthus viridis Linn. Due to Its Chemical Constituents: A Review

Background: Amaranthus viridis, a herbal plant belonging to the family Amaranthaceae, has gained significant attention in the field of traditional medicine due to its rich chemical composition. This plant is known to contain various bioactive components that contribute to its pharmaceutical value. With its extensive range of chemical compounds, Amaranthus viridis has found applications in therapeutic, pharmaceutics, and cosmetic industries. In this study, we aim to explore the medicinal potential of Amaranthus viridis and investigate its various pharmaceutical activities. Methods: The process of writing this review involved conducting comprehensive electronic research using reputable sources, including international and national article databases, along with books accessed through platforms like Google Scholar, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect and others. The gathered data is subsequently analyzed, followed by employing synthetic approaches with narrative methods to derive meaningful conclusions and interpretations. Results: Amaranthus viridis displays potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, attributed to its rich composition of flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and zinc. Its diverse pharmaceutical activities make it a promising contender for medicinal use, addressing labor pain, skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis, and respiratory issues, while also exhibiting antimicrobial effects against bacteria, fungi, and parasites. It can be accomplished by Extraction with solvent, Phytochemical screening and Isolation and purification. Conclusion: Amaranthus viridis, a herbal plant, shows significant potential in therapeutic, pharmaceutics, and makeup industries. Its bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and zinc, contribute to its diverse pharmaceutical activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, and antihelmintic properties

Complication rate and diagnostic yield of percutaneous native kidney biopsies: A 10-year experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan

The use of an automated biopsy device, and real-time ultrasound for percutaneous kidney biopsies (PKBs) has improved the likelihood of obtaining adequate tissue for diagnosis and also has reduced the complications associated with the procedure. We aimed to determine the frequency and type of complications associated with PKB and to determine the diagnostic yield. It was a retrospective file-based review of cases who underwent PKB of native kidney between January 2003 and December 2013 at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. PKBs were performed by trained nephrologists or radiologists using an automated device with a 16/18-gauge needle under real-time ultrasound. The data obtained included age, gender, clinical and histopathological diagnosis, and complications associated with the procedure (minor: hematuria, local infections, and hematoma; major: transfusions, severe infections, surgery, nephrectomy, arteriography, embolism, and death. Yield of the procedure was based on the number of glomeruli obtained. Patients having major complications were compared with the patients who had minor or no complications. A total of 433 native kidney biopsies were performed. The mean age of the patients was 41 ± 15.9 years, and 58% of the patients were male. The main histological findings were membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (17.6%) followed by focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (16.4%) and interstitial nephritis (13.9%). Majority of the procedures were performed by nephrologists (67.4%). The overall complication rate was 14.2%. Among those, 21 patients (4.8%) had a major complication while the others had minor complications. Of those who had a major complication, 17 patients required blood transfusion(s) and had hematuria or a major hematoma, three had prolonged hospitalization \u3e24 hours, and one patient required surgical intervention. Only 10 procedures (2.3%) had inadequate tissue to establish the histopathologic diagnosis. PKB under real-time ultrasound guidance is a safe and efficacious procedure to establish the histological diagnosis of the renal disease

Self-Medication Practice Among the General Community Of An Urban Squatter Settlement Near PNS Shifa Karachi

Objective: To assess the frequencyof self-medication amongst the residents of urban squatter settlement near PNS Shifa Karachiand to assess the factors leading to this practice. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the city of Karachi. The subjects were the community in general. A total of 60 subjects were enrolled and were either interviewed face-to-face or were asked to fill out the questionnaire relating to their self-medication practice. Results: Out of 60 subjects, 38 (63.3%) preferred the practice of self-medication. Minor ailment was the main reason for self-medication, 27 (45%) subjects responded headache as the most common reason and paracetamol was the most frequently used drug for self medication. It was used by 44(73.3%) of the subjects Conclusion: The practice of self medication is high in the community and there is a need to develop awareness of self-medication practice in the public along with restrictions for the pharmacies providing drugs without prescription