Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the Avoidance of Responsibility: an Evaluation of Parents\u27 Attributions and Their Relation to Treatment Acceptability.

The study examined attributions of responsibility, stability, and controllability of parents of children with or without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The relationship between attributions and acceptability of commonly used behavioral treatments also was examined. Participants were recruited from a hospital based outpatient clinic that mainly serves indigent families. The sample consisted of 50 parents of children diagnosed with ADHD and 50 parents of children without the diagnosis, who served as a comparison group. Assessment measures included an adapted version of the Powell Avoidance of Responsibility Scale (Powell & Rosen, 1999), the Conner\u27s Parent Rating Scale (Conners, 1997), and the Treatment Evaluation Inventory (Kelley, Heffer, Gresham & Elliott, 1989). Parents of children with ADHD showed a higher rate of avoidance of responsibility, defined as strategies used to escape culpability of inappropriate behaviors. Results also showed that parents of children with ADHD rated inattentive-overactive and oppositional behaviors as less likely to change, and reported less parental responsibility for inattentive-overactive behaviors than the comparison group. Attributions of stability were found to affect acceptability ratings for Spanking, and attributions of parental responsibility affected acceptability of Time-out. Results indicate that parental attributions may be an important factor to consider when implementing behavioral treatments for ADHD. Limitations and future directions are discussed

The Effects of Emotion Regulation Treatment on Disruptive Behavior Problems in Children : A Randomized Controlled Trial

Funding Information: This work was supported by the Arnor Bjornsson Memorial Fund and the University of Iceland Research Fund. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).Disruptive behavior problems are a frequent reason for children’s referrals to psychological services and can have negative effects on social and academic functioning. Most treatment programs involve parents as recipients and implementation of intervention programs in school is low. Deficits in emotion regulation have recently been implicated in the development of disruptive behavior disorders, making child directed early intervention programs focusing on increasing emotion regulation skills feasible. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Tuning Your Temper, a brief cognitive behavioral program for children with disruptive behavior problems, in a randomized controlled trial. A total of 125 children with disruptive behavior problems at school, aged 6–11 years old were randomized to either intervention or wait-list control condition. Treatment was conducted at school. Assessments included teacher and parent ratings on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale (DBRS) pre- and post-treatment and at 6-month follow-up. Results showed a significant reduction in behavior problems for the treatment condition on both measures and effects were maintained at 6-month follow-up. Results were more robust for teacher ratings, with medium to large effect sizes. Tuning Your Temper appears to be a promising early intervention program for children with disruptive behavior problems at school.Peer reviewe

Cognitive behavior therapy for externalizing disorders in children and adolescents in routine clinical care: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Various Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) programs for externalizing disorders in children and adolescents are supported by a substantial body of empirical evidence. Most of the research evidence comes from efficacy studies conducted in university settings, but there is less knowledge about the effect of these treatments in routine clinical care. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of CBT in non-university settings for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Conduct Disorder (CD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Embase OVID, Ovid MEDLINE and PsycINFO were systematically searched for eligible studies published up to May 2020. In total, 51 treatment effectiveness studies involving 5295 patients were included. The average within-group effect size at post-treatment was significant (g = 0.91), and there were large effect sizes for both ADHD (g = 0.80) and CD/ODD (g = 0.98). At post treatment, remission rates were 38% for ADHD and 48% for CD/ODD, and the overall attrition rate was 14%. Benchmarking against efficacy studies showed that CBT in routine clinical care yields remission rates, within-group effect sizes and attrition rates that are very similar to those found in university settings. The findings support the transportability of CBT for externalizing disorders from university settings to routine clinical care.publishedVersio

Odds of fussy eating are greater among children with obesity and anxiety

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadBackground: Fussy eating has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD), anxiety, and depression. Despite these disorders being prevalent in obesity treatment, no studies have been published on the association of fussy eating in children with obesity and these disorders. Understanding fussy eating in children with obesity and comorbid disorders is important as acceptance of healthy foods tends to be low, especially in children with sensory sensitivities. Objectives: Investigate the prevalence of fussy eating in a cross-sectional sample of children with obesity and ASD, ADHD, anxiety, and depression; and whether they were more likely to be fussy eaters, comparing those with and without these disorders. Methods: One hundred and four children referred to family-based obesity treatment in Iceland 2011-2016, mean age 12.0 (SD = 3.0), mean body mass index standard deviation score 3.5 (SD = 0.9). Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between fussy eating and disorders, adjusting for medication use. Results: A large minority (41.6%) were fussy eaters and 48.9% had at least one comorbid disorder. Over a third of children rejected bitter and sour tastes, and 1.9% and 7.9% rejected sweet and salty tastes, respectively. Compared with those without disorders, the odds of being a fussy eater were increased by a factor of 4.11 when having anxiety (95% confidence intervals) (1.02-16.58, p = 00.046), adjusting for medication use. The odds of being a fussy eater were not increased for other disorders; ASD, ADHD, or depression. Conclusions: In children attending obesity treatment, fussy eating was common. Clinical care models in pediatric obesity treatment should address fussy eating, especially in children with anxiety.Thorvaldsen Societ

Emotion dysregulation, ODD and Conduct Problems in a sample of five and six-year old children

Previous studies examining the relationship between emotion dysregulation and externalizing behavior problems have, so far, focused on using general screening questionnaires capturing a wide range of externalizing behaviors and emotion dysregulation has mostly been assessed through direct observation using negative mood induction and behavioral tasks. The purpose of this study was to explore this relationship using a multi-informant rated clinical questionnaires. Parents and teachers of 609 5–6-year-old children (46% girls, 54% boys) completed the ERC, DBRS, and SDQ. ODD symptoms/conduct problems and lability/negativity were more severe among boys but girls had better emotion regulation. The results also showed a significant main effect for emotion dysregulation and ODD symptoms/conduct problems and that gender had no moderating effect on the relationship. These findings show a strong association between emotion dysregulation and concurrent ODD symptoms/conduct problems and suggest that emotional difficulties should be considered when exploring causes of behavior difficulties in daily life

Taste education - A food-based intervention in a school setting, focusing on children with and without neurodevelopmental disorders and their families. A randomized controlled trial.

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink belowChildren with neurodevelopmental disorders (ND) such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) have high levels of fussy eating. However, no school-based food interventions exist for children with ASD and ADHD. To investigate the effect of Taste Education, 81 children with ND (n = 33), and without (n = 48), aged 8-12 years, and their parents, participated in a 7-week food intervention. Children were matched on age, ND, and sex, and randomized into Immediate-intervention and Delayed-intervention groups. Parents completed the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ), and a food-variety questionnaire. After adjusting for baseline measures, repeated-measures analysis-of-variance with time-points, and condition as factors (Immediate intervention and Delayed intervention) were used to examine changes in CEBQ-scores, with a robust linear mixed-model fitted. Changes in percentage of accepted foods were tested using a logistic-regression model adjusting for baseline acceptance. Results showed superior results for Intervention compared to waiting, on Food fussiness, but not Enjoyment of food, with stable effects through six-months follow-up. There were non-significant differences between children with and without ND. Results also showed increased odds of accepting vegetables by a factor of 1.6 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.33-1.93, p < .001); nuts and seeds by a factor of 1.4 (95% CI: 1.27-1.6, p < .001), but no significant association for fruit (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.92-1.34, p = .244). Trends were similar for children regardless of ND-status. The Taste Education program, shows promise, as a simple, non-invasive way to decrease fussy eating and increase food variety in the long-term. Keywords: ADHD; Autism spectrum disorders; Fussy eating; Parent-child dyads; School setting; Taste education.University of Iceland's Research fund Public Health Fund of the Directorate of Healt

Changes in Anxiety following Taste Education Intervention: Fussy Eating Children with and without Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Despite the surge in studies on fussy eating in recent years, anxiety as an associated factor is generally not considered, even though children with fussy eating and those with neurodevelopmental disorders, including Autism Spectrum Disorder or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often have higher levels of anxiety than typically developing children. The current study investigated changes in anxiety scores during a Taste Education intervention, a seven-week school-based intervention for 71 children with fussy eating. Comparisons were made based on neurodevelopmental status (between children with (n = 30) and without (n = 41) neurodevelopmental disorders). Participants were paired based on age, sex, and neurodevelopmental disorder. The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) was administered at delayed intervention (for those waiting 7 weeks before starting the intervention), pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at six-month follow-up. Results did not indicate elevated anxiety based on mean MASC T-scores. MASC Total T-scores ranged from slightly elevated to average, decreasing significantly between pre-intervention and post-intervention, plateauing at six-month follow-up. Significant reductions between measurement points were seen for the physical symptoms, social anxiety, and separation anxiety subscales, but not for harm avoidance. Repeated measures analysis of variance with neurodevelopmental disorders as between-subjects factors did not reveal a significant interaction effect between neurodevelopmental disorders and changes in MASC Total score or subscales. The results indicated that our food-based intervention did not elevate MASC scores in fussy eating children, with or without neurodevelopmental disorders

Cognitive behavior therapy for externalizing disorders in children and adolescents in routine clinical care: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Various Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) programs for externalizing disorders in children and adolescents are supported by a substantial body of empirical evidence. Most of the research evidence comes from efficacy studies conducted in university settings, but there is less knowledge about the effect of these treatments in routine clinical care. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of CBT in non-university settings for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Conduct Disorder (CD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Embase OVID, Ovid MEDLINE and PsycINFO were systematically searched for eligible studies published up to May 2020. In total, 51 treatment effectiveness studies involving 5295 patients were included. The average within-group effect size at post-treatment was significant (g = 0.91), and there were large effect sizes for both ADHD (g = 0.80) and CD/ODD (g = 0.98). At post treatment, remission rates were 38% for ADHD and 48% for CD/ODD, and the overall attrition rate was 14%. Benchmarking against efficacy studies showed that CBT in routine clinical care yields remission rates, within-group effect sizes and attrition rates that are very similar to those found in university settings. The findings support the transportability of CBT for externalizing disorders from university settings to routine clinical care

The impact of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder on adaptive functioning in children diagnosed late with autism spectrum disorder—A comparative analysis

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink at the bottom of the pageThis study investigated the relationship between ASD, ADHD and adaptive behavior in children aged 7-17 years at the time of their first ASD diagnosis. Results showed that 68.1% of the participants had a clinical diagnosis of ADHD in addition to ASD. A hypothesis of an additive negative effect of ADHD on adaptive behavior of children with ASD was partly supported. When controlling for age, gender, IQ and autistic symptoms, communication was the only adaptive behavior domain that remained significant. Further analyses of the data showed that this effect was limited to high functioning boys (IQ >= 80). The reasons why ADHD did not impinge on the adaptive behavior of low functioning boys and low and high functioning girls are discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Janssen-Cilag Novartis State Diagnostic Counseling Center fun

Tatiana Riabouchinska as Columbine (centre group left), Edouard Borovansky as Pierrot (centre group second from left), Marian Ladre as Pantalon (centre group second from right), Yura Lazovsky as Harlequin (centre group right), and artists of the company, in Carnaval, Covent Garden Russian Ballet, Australian tour, His Majesty's Theatre, Melbourne, March 1939 [picture] /

From: Carnaval : ballet in one act / by Michel Fokine ; music by Robert Schumann.; Inscription: "2A/36".; Part of the collection: Hugh P. Hall collection of photographs, 1938-1940.; Choreography by Michel Fokine ; scenery and costumes by Leon Bakst.; Also available in an electronic version via the internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn4176086. One of a collection of photographs taken by Hugh P. Hall of 28 ballet productions performed by the Covent Garden Russian Ballet (toured Australia 1938-1939) and the Original Ballet Russe (toured Australia 1939-1940). These are the second and third of the three Ballets Russes companies which toured Australasia between 1936 and 1940. The photographs were taken from the auditorium during a live performance in His Majesty's Theatre, Melbourne and mounted on cardboard for display purposes. For conservation and storage, the photographs have been demounted. The original arrangement of the photographs has been recorded, and details are available from the Pictures Branch of the National Library