Eficiência diagnóstica de antígenos solúveis de Brucella em testes de imunodifusão e capacidade para diferenciar bovinos vacinados com Brucella abortus CEPA 19

Three soluble antigens were compared by radial immunodiffusion (RID) and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests: a native haptene (NH) from Brucella melitensis 16M, and a polysaccharide (PS) from B. abortus 1119-3, both obtained by non-hydrolytic methods, and the (O-Chain) polysaccharide extracted also from B. abortus 1119-3 but using an hydrolytic method. Three groups of bovine sera were tested: a) Naturally infected (n = 76); b) Non-infected (n = 130) and c) S-19 vaccinated (n = 61); the sensitivity (Se), the specificity (Sp) and the ability to differentiate vaccinated (ADV) were determined in each group a, b and c respectively. The highest Se in the RID test (84.3%) was achieved by NH; while the three antigens gave 100% Sp. The O-Chain showed 100% ADV in this test. In the AGID test PS antigen showed the best Se (86.6%), and all antigens showed 100% of Sp and ADV. Finally, for its production qualities and efficiency the antigens PS and NH represent a promising alternative for complementary diagnosis of brucellosis.Foram comparados três antígenos solúveis: um hapteno nativo (NH) de B. melitensis 16M, um polissacarídeo (PS) obtido de B. abortus 1119-3 e outro polissacarídeo de cadeia O (O-Chain) originado também da última Brucella. Os testes de imunodifusão radial (RID) e imunodifusão em gel de ágar (AGID) foram confrontados com as três classes de soros bovinos: a) infectados naturalmente (n = 76), b) não infectados (n = 130) e c) vacinados com B19 (n = 61) reagindo a testes sorológicos clássicos. Foram determinadas a sensibilidade (Se), a especificidade (Sp) e a capacidade para discriminar vacinados (ADV). A Se mais alta (84,3%) no teste RID foi demonstrada pelo antígeno NH, enquanto os três antígenos tiveram 100% de Sp. O antígeno O-Chain teve 100% de ADV nesse teste. O teste AGID com estes antígenos demonstrou 100% Sp e ADV, enquanto o antígeno PS mostrou uma melhor Se (86,6%). Finalmente, por sua qualidade de produção e eficiência, os antígenos PS e NH representam uma alternativa segura e econômica para o diagnóstico suplementar da brucelose

Sanidad animal y comercio internacional

La condición sanitaria de los países y la inocuidad de sus productos se han convertido en la principal limitante para el comercio internacional de productos pecuarios, en un escenario de globalización y liberación de mercados. En este contexto, los países miembros de la Organización Mundial de Comercio han suscrito el Acuerdo para la Aplicación de Medidas Sanitarias y Fitosanitarias, cuyo principal objetivo es asegurar que las condiciones de sanidad e inocuidad no representarán barreras injustificadas para el comercio de productos agropecuarios, y al mismo tiempo generar las condiciones para que el comercio de los productos mencionados, no signifique un riesgo para la salud de personas o de poblaciones animales.Dicho escenario ha generado una gran responsabilidad para los Servicios Veterinarios Oficiales. Esto deben, por una parte, garantizar que productos pecuarios de exportación no representarán peligros para los países que importarán dichos productos, y complementariamente, proteger la salud de sus poblaciones animales, exigiendo la aplicación de las medidas sanitarias correspondientes a productos pecuarios de importación. Chile y el Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero han respondido a estos desafíos, desarrollando una política que tiene como objetivo, en el corto plazo, el posicionamiento de Chile como potencia agroalimentaria.  

Resultados comparativos de cirugía de Fontan en pacientes con y sin hipoplasia de corazón izquierdo

ResumenIntroducciónDurante los últimos años múltiples pacientes con diagnóstico de corazón univentricular han sido tratados quirúrgicamente en nuestra institución mediante una anastomosis cavopulmonar total, de acuerdo al protocolo de corrección quirúrgica por etapas.ObjetivoEvaluar los resultados postoperatorios y la sobrevida de pacientes con síndrome de hipoplasia de corazón izquierdo (SHCI) sometidos a la operación de Fontan en comparación con pacientes con otras formas de corazón univentricular.Pacientes y métodoCiento dos pacientes fueron sometidos a la operación de Fontan entre abril de 1996 y marzo de 2014, 25 con SHCI (grupo i) y 77 con otras formas de corazón univentricular (grupo ii). Se analizó la sobrevida, variables demográficas, estudio hemodinámico, morbimortalidad quirúrgica, ventilación mecánica, uso de drenajes, estancia postoperatoria, score de isótropos, necesidad de marcapasos y necesidad de revertir el Fontan take down.ResultadosLa mortalidad perioperatoria fue del 4% (n=1) para el grupo i y del 7,8% (n=6) para el grupo ii (p=0,451). La única diferencia encontrada fue la estancia hospitalaria, siendo de 17 días (6-47) para el grupo i y 12 (5-103) para el grupo ii(p=0,017). El seguimiento promedio fue de 4,24±2,08 años para el grupo i y de 8,7±4,67 para el grupo ii. La sobrevida a 8 años para ambos grupos fue de 88% y de 81% a 10 años para el grupo ii.ConclusionesLa cirugía de Fontan tuvo una mortalidad similar en pacientes con SHCI en comparación con aquellos con otras formas de corazón univentricular, mientras que el primer grupo tuvo una mayor estancia hospitalaria. La sobrevida a largo plazo fue similar para ambos grupos.AbstractIntroductionDuring the last few years, numerous patients with univentricular heart disease have been treated surgically with total cavopulmonary anastomosis according to a staged surgery protocol in our institution.ObjectiveTo evaluate the perioperative outcomes and survival of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) after the Fontan procedure and compare them with other types of univentricular heart disease.Patients and methodA total of 102 patients underwent a Fontan procedure between April 1996 and March 2014, 25 with HLHS (group I), and 77 patients with other types of univentricular heart disease (group II). Groups survival, demographics, hemodinamic studies, morbimortality, mechanical ventilation, surgical drains, post-operative stay, isotopes score, pacemaker use, and requiriment of Fontan takedown were analyzed.ResultsIntraoperative mortality was 4% (n=1) for group I, and 7.8% (n=6) for group II (P=.451). A difference was only found in hospital length of stay (LOS), being 17 days (6-47) for group I and 12 days (5-103) for group II (P=.017). Mean follow-up was 4.24±2.08 years for group I, and 8.7±4.67 for group II. Survival rate at 8 years for both groups was 88%, and 81% at 10 years for group II.ConclusionsThe Fontan procedure had similar mortality, but longer LOS, in patients with HLHS compared to those with another types of single ventricle anatomy. Long term survival was comparable between both groups

Tear cytokine profile of glaucoma patients treated with preservative-free or preserved latanoprost

Purpose: To determine variations in cytokine levels of glaucoma patients treated either with preservative-free latanoprost or preserved latanoprost, relative to healthy individuals. Methods: Tear samples were collected from 39 healthy subjects, 20 glaucoma patients treated with preserved latanoprost, and 20 patients treated with preservative-free latanoprost. A set of 27 inflammatory cytokines was analyzed in each group, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL9, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, eotaxin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) basic, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon (IFN)-γ, interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10, monocyte chemo attractant protein (MCP)-1MCAF, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Cytokine concentrations were obtained by the Bio-Plex Human Cytokine Immunoassay. Non-invasive tear breakup time (NI-TBUT), tear meniscus height, corneal fluorescein staining, conjunctival hyperemia and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) were assessed in patients treated with preservative-free and preserved latanoprost. Results: The levels of IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, FGF basic, PDGF-BB, and TNF-α were significantly higher in patients receiving preserved latanoprost, compared to normal controls (p 0.05). Ocular surface parameters were not significantly different in both glaucoma groups, and no correlation between these clinical parameters and cytokine levels was observed. Conclusions: Treatment with preserved latanoprost has a direct impact on tear cytokine levels, whereas this effect is not observed upon preservative-free latanoprost instillation

Polymorphisms in the selenoprotein S gene: lack of association with autoimmune inflammatory diseases

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Selenoprotein S (SelS) protects the functional integrity of the endoplasmic reticulum against the deleterious effects of metabolic stress. <it>SEPS1/SelS </it>polymorphisms have been involved in the increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 in macrophages. We aimed at investigating the role of the <it>SEPS1 </it>variants previously associated with higher plasma levels of these cytokines and of the <it>SEPS1 </it>haplotypes in the susceptibility to develop immune-mediated diseases characterized by an inflammatory component.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Six polymorphisms distributed through the <it>SEPS1 </it>gene (rs11327127, rs28665122, rs4965814, rs12917258, rs4965373 and rs2101171) were genotyped in more than two thousand patients suffering from type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel diseases and 550 healthy controls included in the case-control study.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Lack of association of <it>SEPS1 </it>polymorphisms or haplotypes precludes a major role of this gene increasing predisposition to these inflammatory diseases.</p

Susceptibility to type 1 diabetes conferred by the PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism in the Spanish population

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The protein tyrosine phosphatase N22 gene (<it>PTPN22</it>) encodes a lymphoid-specific phosphatase (LYP) which is an important downregulator of T cell activation. A <it>PTPN22 </it>polymorphism, C1858T, was found associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in different Caucasian populations. In this study, we aimed at confirming the role of this variant in T1D predisposition in the Spanish population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A case-control was performed with 316 Spanish white T1D patients consecutively recruited and 554 healthy controls, all of them from the Madrid area. The <it>PTPN22 </it>C1858T SNP was genotyped in both patients and controls using a TaqMan Assay in a 7900 HT Fast Real-Time PCR System.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We replicated for the first time in a Spanish population the association of the 1858T allele with an increased risk for developing T1D [carriers of allele T vs. CC: OR (95%) = 1.73 (1.17–2.54); p = 0.004]. Furthermore, this allele showed a significant association in female patients with diabetes onset before age 16 years [carriers of allele T vs. CC: OR (95%) = 2.95 (1.45–6.01), female patients vs female controls p = 0.0009]. No other association in specific subgroups stratified for gender, HLA susceptibility or age at onset were observed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results provide evidence that the <it>PTPN22 </it>1858T allele is a T1D susceptibility factor also in the Spanish population and it might play a different role in susceptibility to T1D according to gender in early-onset T1D patients.</p