Formulation and evaluation of transdermal delivery system of an anti-hypertensive drug

oai:ojs2.japtronline.com:article/1The present study was aims to formulate and evaluate transdermal drug delivery for sustained release of an anti-hypertensive drug Captopril, it is considered as drug of choice in anti hypertensive therapy and is reported for potential administration through transdermal route. The investigation was carried out to study the effect of different proportion of ethyl cellulose and PVP a hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer respectively. Transdermal patches were prepared using different combination of the two polymers by solvent evaporation technique. Polyvinyl alcohol was used to prepare the backing membrane and dibutyl phthalate as a plasticizer. Several Physicochemical parameter like moisture content, moisture loss, thickness, film folding endurance, tensile strength, flatness were studied. For all the formulations, in vitro drug release was studied using modified diffusion cell. Formulations with highest proportion of polyvinyl pyrolidone shows faster release whereas increasing proportion of ethyl cellulose produces a prolonged regimen of sustained drug delivery through transdermal route for a period of 24 hrs

Big Bang-Big Crunch Algorithm for Dynamic Deployment of Wireless Sensor Network

This paper proposes soft computing technique Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) to address the main issue of deployment of wireless sensor networks. Deployment is the main factor that significantly affects the performance of the wireless sensor network. This approach maximizes the coverage area of the given set of sensors. We implemented our approach in MATLAB and compared it with ABC approach and found that the proposed approach is much better than the said approach

2,2,2-Trifluoroethoxy Derivatives of Chromium(III): Synthesis & Coordination Chemistry

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Effect of supplementary pollination in grapes (Vitis vinifera)

In the variety Bharat Early, the weight of bunch and number of berries per bunch were markedly increased by supplementary pollinations with Pearl of Csaba and Pusa Seedless pollen as compared to control. However, berry weight was not altered. Shot berries were significantly reduced by all pollen including the self as compared to control. Least number of shot berries were obtained by using Pearl of Csaba and Pusa Seedless pollen.In the variety Pusa Seedless which is allied to Thompson Seedless the bunch weight was increased by Bharat Early, Beauty Seedless and Pearl of Csaba pollen. No significant increase in the number of berries per bunch resulted, but berry size was increased by these pollen

FPOA Implementation for WSN Energy Efficient Routing

In this paper,a soft computing technique Flower Pollination optimization Algorithm(FPOA) for WSN is proposed.The Sensor Network is heterogeneous in nature. Proposed algorithm is designed and implemented in MATLAB.In this technique some nodes send data directly to base station as local pollination and some by Multihop Routing as global pollination. A routing scheme is process which helps in minimizing the energy consumption. We implemented FPOA and compared the results with techniques that are already developed.(Low Energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), Stable Election Protocol (SEP) and Zonal-Stable Election Protocol (Z-SEP) Simulation results show that FPOA enhance first node dead time, throughput and overall energy consumes less than existing protocols like LEACH, SEP and Z-SE

Hazard Classification Testing of Primers used in Small Arms Ammunition.

Primer is a small initiating device used for ignition of propellant charge and subsequent ejection of projectile from a weapon. Hilherto, primers were classified under safely class. Recent accidents however, have raised doubts about their diversification. Field trials were therefore carried out to ascertain their correct behaviour under different conditions. It was observed that the nature of filling composition, its charge mass and the type of package had profound influence on the hazard classification which could change its classification from safety class to mass explosion hazard

Randomized crossover comparison between the i-gel and the LMA-Unique in anaesthetized, paralysed adults

<b>Background</b>: The i-gel differs from other supraglottic airway devices, in that it has a softer, non-inflatable cuff. This study was designed to compare the performance of the i-gel and the LMA-Unique (LMA-U) when used during anaesthesia in paralysed patients. <b>Methods</b>: Both devices were studied in 39 anaesthetized, paralysed patients in a randomized crossover trial. The primary outcome was airway leak pressure. Secondary outcomes included time to insertion, the number of insertion and reposition attempts, leak volumes, and leak fractions. <b>Results</b>: There was no significant difference between the airway leak pressures of the two devices [median (IQR) leak pressures 25 (22–30) vs 22 (20–28) cm H2O for the i-gel and LMA-U, respectively; P=0.083, 95% CI of the mean difference –0.32 to 4.88 cm H2O]. The median (IQR) insertion time for the i-gel was significantly less than for the LMA-U [12.2 (9.7–14.3) vs 15.2 (13.2–17.3) s; P=0.007]. All the LMA-U devices and 38 of 39 i-gel airways were inserted at the first attempt. The number of manipulations required after insertion to achieve a clear airway was the same in both the groups (four in each). There were no statistically significant differences in leak volumes or leak fractions during controlled ventilation. <b>Conclusions</b>: We found no difference in leak pressures and success rate of first-time insertion between the i-gel and the LMA-U. Time to successful insertion was significantly shorter for the i-gel. We conclude that the i-gel provides a reasonable alternative to the LMA-U for controlled ventilation during anaesthesia

Assessment on performance and variability in different sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Obseck) cultivars under Punjab conditions

Based on morphological characterization, the performance of eighteen sweet orange, (Citrus sinensis Obseck) cultivars were evaluated. On the basis of two year data, the maximum mean fruit weight (316.25 gm) was recorded in Moro, while the maximum mean fruit diameter and mean fruit length was recorded in Mosambi and Olinda Valencia (87.32 mm and 81.33 mm, respectively). Albedo thickness was recorded maximum in Ruby Nucellar (3.42 mm). Highest total soluble solids was recorded in cultivar Moro (11.450 brix), while the titratable acidity was recorded maximum in Valencia Calizonida (1.21 %). Fruit axis diameter and Fruit rind thickness were recorded maximum in Rhode Red Valencia and Vernia (15.12 mm and 8.11 mm, respectively). In the variability studies, the maximum genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) was recorded maximum for titratable acidity (27.88 and 27.94, respectively) followed by albedo thickness (23.77 and 23.78, respectively) and fruit weight (21.52 and 21.67, respectively). Genetic advance per cent of mean was recorded for titratable acidity (57.31%) followed by albedo thickness (48.96 %) and fruit weight (44.03 %) suggesting that further selection will be effective for improvement in these traits

Community-engaged primary care medical education

BACKGROUND: Community-engaged medical education (CEME) requires medical schools to partner with local communities to help address community priorities, whilst enhancing the learning experiences of students. Current literature on CEME has focused on evaluating its effects on students; however, there remains a gap in exploring whether CEME initiatives can have a sustainable impact for communities. APPROACH: The Community Action Project (CAP) at Imperial College London, is an eight-week, community-engaged, quality improvement project for Year 3 medical students. Students initially consult with clinicians, patients and wider community stakeholders to understand local needs and assets, and identify a health priority to address. They then work with relevant stakeholders to design, implement and evaluate a project to help address their identified priority. EVALUATION: All CAPs (n = 264) completed in the 2019-2021 academic years were evaluated for evidence of several key areas, including community engagement and sustainability. 91% of projects evidenced a needs analysis, 71% demonstrated patient involvement in their development, and 64% demonstrated sustainable impacts from their projects. Analysis revealed the topics frequently addressed, and the formats used by students. Two CAPs are described in more detail to demonstrate their community impact. IMPLICATIONS: The CAP demonstrates how the principles of CEME (meaningful community engagement and social accountability) can lead to sustainable benefits for local communities through purposeful collaboration with patients and local communities. Strengths, limitations and future directions are highlighted