Comprehensive Poultry Supply Chain Model with Vertical and Horizontal Linkages: Implication of Domestic and International Shocks

According to USDA FAS, in 2017, the US was the largest broiler-producing country with 18.696 million metric tons and the second largest exporter of broiler products with 3.075 million metric tons (Brazil is the largest exporter with 3.847 million metric tons). Thus, around 83% of US production is consumed domestically. According to USITC, chickens are the most important protein source in the US, and Americans consume more chicken per capita than any other country. However, while the broiler industry is a key segment of US agriculture, it is underserved by large-scale supply-chain and trade models. In this study, to fill this gap in the literature, we build a comprehensive supply-chain model of the US broiler industry that accounts for corn and soybean, feed mills, breeders, hatcheries, grow-out farms, broiler processing, further processing, and international trade. This broiler supply-chain model is calibrated to US data averaged over 2012 - 2017 to analyze two scenarios: a) impacts of a shock to the corn and soybean prices due to tariffs imposed by China on US corn and soybeans and b) effects of the productivity increase in grow-out segments on entire the US broiler supply chain. The results of the first and second alternate scenarios are compared to the baseline scenario to quantify the impact of the reduction corn and soybean prices and productivity shock to grow-out farmers. The numerical analysis from first scenario shows that as the price of corn and soybean in the US market fall by 18% and 24%, respectively, feed supply increase and feed prices decreases, which directly lower the production costs of breeders and grow-out farms. Thus, while the Chinese tariff on corn and soybean undoubtedly make corn and soybean producers worst off, the chicken industry benefits from lower costs. Also, the numerical analysis from second scenario shows that boosting productivity by 10% in the grow-out segment led to only an increase an increase broiler chicken production but also a reduction in input demand. Thus, this analysis highlights the trade off advances in research and development in chicken breads as producer upstream from grow-out farm are worse off as demand for their products falls, but grow-out farms, downstream producers, and consumer benefit

Dynamic Equality of Opportunity

What are the long-term effects of policies intended to equalize opportunities among different social classes of children? To find out, we study the stationary states of an intergenerational model where adults are either White or Blue collar employees. Both adults and the state invest in their children’s education. Our analysis indicates that the major obstacle to equalizing opportunities in the long-run is private educational investment. Next we examine economies where only the state invests in education, motivated by the Nordic experience. In a majority of these economies, no child lags behind regarding future prospects, a theoretical result confirmed by simulations

Asymmetrical Bilateral Traumatic Hip Dislocation with Segmental Femur Fracture

Introduction: Hip dislocations are extremely rare, but they are orthopedic emergencies that need to be immediately intervened. Traumatic hip dislocations are usually unilateral and occur toward the posterior region. Bilateral traumatic hip dislocations, on the other hand, are rarer. Asymmetric occurrence of bilateral traumatic hip dislocations is even rarer. The possibility of spontaneous hip dislocation in a healthy person is very unlikely. This is because ligaments wrapping the hip joint make it quite stable. Thus, hip dislocation usually occurs due to a high-energy trauma. Case Report: In this paper we report a unique female patient with asymmetric bilateral traumatic hip dislocation accompanied by a segmental fracture of the femur due to a traffic accident. The patient's right hip was reduced under sedoanalgesia at the emergency department and the left hip was reduced under anesthesia at operating room. Avascular necrosis did not develop at her 2-year follow-up; however, she has been re-operated after developing nonunion in the left femoral segmental fracture. Conclusion: In conclusion, hip dislocations should be treated in first six hours due to the risk of avascular necrosis. Uncomplicated hip dislocations without accompanied fractures can be treated with sedoanalgesia in emergency service settings. However hip dislocations which are complicated with accompanied fractures should be reduced in operation rooms without delay

1875 Cadastral Survey of Istanbul

The first cadastral survey of Istanbul was conducted in 1875. The survey comprises detailed micro-level data on size, number of rooms, location, building material (i.e. wooden or masonry), building type (e.g. residence, shop, etc.), and owner’s identity for all real estate. Based on these observable characteristics, surveyors also appraised the value of each property and recorded the level of property tax accordingly. The rental price of each real property, if rented, is also available in the survey. The present dataset consists of the translations of a randomly selected 30% of all the archives. The number of observations is 6335. Exploiting the distinctive names of males and females, we appended a dummy variable indicating the gender of property owners. Using the same strategy, we also added a dummy variable showing the religious affiliation of owners. This rich dataset can be used for cliometric purposes and quantitative analysis by economic historians in myriad ways.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Is CEFR Really over There?

Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is a comprehensive guideline for teachers with respect to the processes of planning, learning, teaching and assessing and it has brought standardization, transparency, coherence and consistency across different countries. Despite its popularity, reputation and wide spread approval, CEFR-based English language teaching is far from effective implementation in Turkey. This study aims to reveal this problem-if any- by referring to English language instructors' perceptions regarding their current teaching practice on the basis of CEFR and CEFR based curriculum at the tertiary level. An adapted Likert Scale was administered to 18 instructors from private university and 36 instructors from state institution. The data gathered from the survey were analyzed quantitatively using SPSS.17 and descriptive statistics were performed. The findings of the study shows that although their perceptions do not vary on the knowledge about the CEFR and the necessity of CEFR-based curriculum development, there is a significant difference between instructors working at a state university and private university regarding their CEFR based experiences. One striking result is that in-service training they have received exerts an enormous impact on the practices of English language instructors at the private university. Another finding is that both groups desire to have more projections of CEFR on the curriculum and teacher training services. These results imply that both pre-service and in-service training should educate teachers on CEFR and raise their awareness on how to use the reference for foreign/second language teaching in a more effective way ranging from setting objectives, materials development to evaluation. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd

1875 Cadastral Survey of Istanbul

The first cadastral survey of Istanbul was conducted in 1875. The survey comprises detailed micro-level data on size, number of rooms, location, building material (i.e. wooden or masonry), building type (e.g. residence, shop, etc.), and owner’s identity for all real estate. Based on these observable characteristics, surveyors also appraised the value of each property and recorded the level of property tax accordingly. The rental price of each real property, if rented, is also available in the survey. The present dataset consists of the translations of a randomly selected 30% of all the archives. The number of observations is 6335. Exploiting the distinctive names of males and females, we appended a dummy variable indicating the gender of property owners. Using the same strategy, we also added a dummy variable showing the religious affiliation of owners. This rich dataset can be used for cliometric purposes and quantitative analysis by economic historians in myriad ways.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

1875 Cadastral Survey of Istanbul

The first cadastral survey of Istanbul was conducted in 1875. The survey comprises detailed micro-level data on size, number of rooms, location, building material (i.e. wooden or masonry), building type (e.g. residence, shop, etc.), and owner’s identity for all real estate. Based on these observable characteristics, surveyors also appraised the value of each property and recorded the level of property tax accordingly. The rental price of each real property, if rented, is also available in the survey. The present dataset consists of the translations of a randomly selected 30% of all the archives. The number of observations is 6335. Exploiting the distinctive names of males and females, we appended a dummy variable indicating the gender of property owners. Using the same strategy, we also added a dummy variable showing the religious affiliation of owners. This rich dataset can be used for cliometric purposes and quantitative analysis by economic historians in myriad ways.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

THE EFFECT OF E-LEARNING EXPERIENCE ON READINESS, ATTITUDE, AND SELF-CONTROL/ SELF-MANAGEMENT

Aim/Purpose This study aimed to reveal the effect of the previous Internet-based education (IBE) experiences of the students' readiness, attitude, and self-control / selfmanagement variables towards the e-learning process, and also to determine their opinions. Background The institutions have made efforts to ensure the continuity of education through their learning management systems and the necessity of addressing the e-learning process from the perspective of students once again showed itself as an undeniable fact. Accordingly, the necessity to consider holistically the variables of readiness, attitude, and self-control/self-management, which affect students' adaptation to e-learning process, has once again emerged based on the relevant literature. Methodology This research based on the simultaneous mixed method considering the previ ous IBE experiences of 75 Computer Education and Instructional Technology (CEIT) students taking part in the study in Turkey. The quantitative results of the study were analyzed based on the single-group pretest-posttest weak experimental design. Qualitative results were obtained through the structured interview form and set an example for the case study. Contribution The results showed that regardless of students' previous Internet-based educa tion (IBE) experience, it is seen that increasing and continuous experience has a significant effect on the readiness, attitude and self-control / self-management variables towards the e-learning process. The main contribution of experimental results showed that IBE experience is effective on individuals' perceptions of internet self-efficacy, and has an impact on the self-learning skills of individuals. In addition to this, the e-learning experience has an impact on individuals' selfevaluation. It is also seen that the certificate presented to learners in the e-learning environment has a positive effect on students' attitudes towards e-learning processes. Finally, the experiences of e-learning processes, the methods used to transfer the content in the learning environment, the motivation and feedback provided to the learner also support the significant difference obtained in terms of readiness, attitude and self-control / self-management. Findings After the findings were analyzed holistically in depth, it has been observed that; if the contents offered to students in e-learning environments support their professional development, in this case, their attitudes, readiness (excluding the subdimension of learner control), and self-control/self-management skills for these environments differ significantly in the posttest. It is also among the results that students having previous IBE experience have not higher awareness levels on online communication self-efficacy, technology use self-efficacy, readiness for e-learning, e-learning predisposition, self-reinforcement, self-control management, although significantly found. The findings regarding the effectiveness of the experimental process are as follows: Although it is possible for the students having previous IBE experience to use these experiences within the course for their personal development, it has been seen that the observed differences regarding students' readiness, attitude, and self-control/self-management towards e-learning processes arise from the experimental operation. Recommendations It is recommended for the policy-makers and practitioners that while e-learning for Practitioners platforms were designing, using different methods for delivering the content is as important as making the interaction meaningful and sustainable. In addition to this, to develop a positive attitude it is recommended that individuals' participation of an e-learning platform should be supported with a certificate. Recommendations Researchers should test the obtained results by a well-structured e-learning plat-for Researchers form with their recorded activities on the platform (e.g. in which section was used mostly by a learner etc.). Hence, the impact of IBE experiences might be discussed in an up level framework. Impact on Society Actually, this study is based on a mix design and the results were also meaningful especially considering the implacable global pandemic. It is clearly understood by this process that e-learning is very important. In line with this, to support the e-learning process (e.g. with the method while delivering the content, well-structured feedback, motivation strategies etc.) and make it sustainable, the increasing of individual's readiness, attitude, and self-control through the IBE would be indispensable. Future Research Future studies might focus on the longitudinal methods. It is worth to find out how the students experiences affect the sustainability of the course content, and what should the program developer make to improve their course content in line with the findings of longitudinal studies. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.2-s2.0-8511266792