Letter to the Editor: Retrospective platelet values measurement assesment always acceptable?

No Abstract. 

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

MATERIALS & DESIGN

In practice, ferrous based materials are not used because they show similar properties to shaft material and are known to cause adhesive wear in journal bearings. With boronizing process, adhesive wear can significantly be decreased. In this study, boronizing has been applied to some ferrous based (SAE 1020, TS-DDK 40) journal bearings. Wear experiments were done on SAE 1050 steel shaft as counter abrader with 100 N loads, and 1500 rpm for 5 h by using a radial journal bearing test rig. Boronizing treatment increased wear resistance of SAE 1020, TS-DDK 40 about 10-25, and 5-7 times respectively. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS

Aluminum based alloys are widely used as journal bearing materials in tribological applications. Duralumines, AlMgSi are widely used as journal bearing materials for aluminum based alloys. These alloys provide properties expected from journal bearings. In this study, tribological and mechanical properties of these journal bearings manufactured from aluminum alloys were investigated. SAE 1050 steel shaft was used as counter abrader. Experiments were carried out in every 30 min for the total of 150 min by using radial journal bearing wear test rig. Wear resistance of AI alloyed bearings increased about 2-3 times and journal wear resistance increased about 2-8 times. The highest bearing wear rate occurred in pure AI bearings while the lowest bearing wear rate occurred in AlMgsi bearing. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

MATERIALS TESTING

Ferrous based PM (powder metallurgical) materials are widely used in journal bearings since they provide a good tribological performance. These bearings are self-lubricating and can be used in places where lubricating is not possible. This also applies to the shaft material which shows adhesive wear. Tribological properties can be improved and adhesive wear can be decreased by boronizing. In this study, tribological properties of ferrous based boronized and non-boronized Fe-graphite, FeCu-graphite and CuSnFe-graphite bearings manufactured by PM method have been determined and compared. Boronizing treatment was carried out at 950 degrees C for 4 hours. The SAE 1050 steel shaft was used as counter abrader. Experiments were carried out at 20 N loads and 1500 rpm every 30 minutes for 2.5 hours

MATERIALS & DESIGN

In this study, journal bearings were manufactured from composite structures by casting method reinforcing 3% (Al2O3 and SiC) and (3% Al2O3 + 3% SiC) into pure Al. Tribological properties of these bearings were investigated by wear experiments at lubricated conditions under 20 N load and 1500 rpm on the radial journal bearing wear test rig. Effects of these composites on wear properties were investigated. Consequently, tribological properties of these particle reinforced composite bearings have significantly improved. In addition, particle reinforced Al composites were used to produce journal bearing. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

MATERIALS & DESIGN

Knowing friction coefficient is important for the determination of wear loss conditions at journal bearings. Tribological events that influence wear and its variations effect experimental results. In this study, friction coefficient as example at bronze radial bearings has been determined by a new approach. In experiments, friction effects of bearings have been examined at dry and lubricated conditions and at different loads and velocities. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd