A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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The Erosion of the Rule of Law in Eritrea: Silencing Freedom of ExpressionPromoting Citizenship and Preventing Statelessness in South Africa: A Practitioner's Guide

About the publication This report contains an in depth analysis of the muted right to freedom of expression in Eritrea. The number and forms of human rights violations related to the curtailing of free speech have been and continue to be well documented across the globe. This discourse identifies the right to free reception of information and expression as the bedrock to realising and maintaining the rule of law. Investigated herein is the historical background to the political evolution of the small African state and the social impact of the prevailing human rights violations. This report contains a compilation of human rights violations as determined by international treaty bodies, interviews with Eritrean witnesses and diaspora in exile and civil society reports on the human rights situation. It is argued in the report that the absence of the rule of law in Eritrea is directly attributed to the collapse of free expression as political forces see this right as a threat to their power base – a form of suppression that has nullified all human rights and freedoms and might well damage its people beyond repair. Table of Contents Preface List of abbreviations List of Eritrean print and electronic media Acknowledgments Executive summary English Executive summary French Executive summary Tigrinya Executive summary Arabic Introduction Contextualising the rule of law in Eritrea Eritrea’s human rights obligations and rule of law Non-Implementation of the Eritrean Constitution Suppression of free expression as an attack on the rule of law in Eritrea Prelude to dictatorship: Human rights before September 2001 The Crackdown of September 2001 Free expression in Eritrea today: Effects of widespread reprisals Closure of non-state media houses Collapse of the journalistic profession in Eritrea Internet censorship From arbitrary arrests to subtle control of the message Pervasive editorial spin The ‘03’ rumour system Suppression of foreign and diaspora media Reporting the work of the courts Eritrea’s international relations Awareness of the dangers of refugee flight Rebirth of independent journalism Recommendations Annex I: Compilation of recorded human rights violations related to free speech Arbitrary arrest and detention Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment Death in custody Annex II: Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Eritrea I. Recommendations accepted II. Recommendations that do not enjoy the support of Eritre

Seedling growth and survival of five tree species in secondary forests and adjacent pastures in the montane rain forests of southern Costa Rica

Successful forest restoration in tropical environments is limited by the paucity of studies on the initial establishment and early survival requirements of seedlings of most native tropical tree species under disturbed conditions. Here, we evaluated the initial growth responses and the regeneration potential of seedlings of five tree species native to Costa Rica (Hasseltia floribunda, Inga densiflora, Persea americana, Tapirira mexicana and Trichilia pittieri). Seedlings were grown in secondary forests and adjacent open pastures under contrasting conditions of light availability. We quantified seedling growth, survival and herbivory from August 2010 to August 2011 on a monthly basis, and measured differences in leaf mass per area (LMA) at the end of the experiment. We found significant variation in growth responses between the understory of secondary forests and pastures. Growth in height was highest in pastures across all species, with I. densiflora, P. americana and T. mexicana showing the most striking differences. In contrast, H. floribunda and T. pittieri did not show differences in diameter growth between environments. Except for T. mexicana, herbivory increased throughout the experiment in all the species. Herbivory increased faster in pastures for H. floribunda and T. pittieri and showed higher rates in the forest understory for I. densiflora and P. americana. Seedling survival showed significant differences for all species across environments. Survival of H. floribunda and I. densiflora was higher in secondary forests, whereas the other species showed higher survival in pastures. Leaf mass per area showed higher values in the pastures across all species, it suggests that individuals exposed to high light conditions had great photosynthetic rate and great leaf construction capacity. Due to their rapid growth and high survival, I. densiflora and T. mexicana showed great potential to restore abandoned pastures and secondary forests. Increasing our knowledge on the response of seedlings under disturbed conditions in tropical ecosystems is critical for improving the restoration of altered environments by matching the ecological amplitude of native species with specific environmental conditions

Group-based shame, guilt, and regret across cultures datasets and scripts

This includes the SPSS syntax, EFA R code and cleaned SPSS datasets (used for HLM analyses, N=1,358) for the study on ‘Group-based shame, guilt, and regret across cultures’ published in the European Journal of Social Psychology. This study was conducted as part of the ERC research project ‘Political Apologies across Cultures’ (for more information, see www.politicalapologies.com). The data were collected through online or face-to-face surveys conducted with a community sample in Burkina Faso, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Japan, Jordan, the Netherlands, Poland and the United States in 2017 and 2018. Only data pertaining to this study has been included. Although the questionnaire included a number of additional measures concerning responsibility, reputation and face-honor-dignity norms, these pertain to other studies within the project. More information about these measures is available from the authors upon request

Additional file 1 of Including microbiome information in a multi-trait genomic evaluation: a case study on longitudinal growth performance in beef cattle

Additional file 1: Table S1. Description of the animals used in the study. Experimental design displaying the number of animals within each breed, diet and experiment

Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings

We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relatively high and low WEIRDness scores, respectively). Cumulatively, variability in the observed effect sizes was attributable more to the effect being studied than to the sample or setting in which it was studied