Development of learning objectives for neurology in a veterinary curriculum: Part II: Postgraduates

Background: Specialization in veterinary medicine in Europe is organized through the Colleges of the European Board of Veterinary Specialization. To inform updating of the curriculum for residents of the European College of Veterinary Neurology (ECVN) job analysis was used. Defining job competencies of diploma holders in veterinary neurology can be used as references for curriculum design of resident training. With the support of the diplomates of the ECVN and the members of the European Society of Veterinary Neurology (ESVN) a mixed-method research, including a qualitative search of objectives and quantitative ranking with 149 Likert scale questions and 48 free text questions in 9 categories in a survey was conducted. In addition, opinions of different groups were subjected to statistical analysis and the result compared. Results: A return rate of 62% (n = 213/341) was achieved. Of the competencies identified by the Delphi process, 75% objectives were expected to attain expert level; 24% attain advanced level; 1% entry level. In addition, the exercise described the 11 highly ranked competencies, the 3 most frequently seen diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems and the most frequently used immunosuppressive, antiepileptic and chemotherapeutic drugs. Conclusion: The outcomes of this “Delphi job analysis” provide a powerful tool to align the curriculum for ECVN resident training and can be adapted to the required job competencies, based on expectations. The expectation is that for majority of these competencies diplomates should attain an expert level. Besides knowledge and clinical skills, residents and diplomates are expected to demonstrate high standards in teaching and communication. The results of this study will help to create a European curriculum for postgraduate education in veterinary neurology

The systematic guideline review: method, rationale, and test on chronic heart failure

Background: Evidence-based guidelines have the potential to improve healthcare. However, their de-novo-development requires substantial resources-especially for complex conditions, and adaptation may be biased by contextually influenced recommendations in source guidelines. In this paper we describe a new approach to guideline development-the systematic guideline review method (SGR), and its application in the development of an evidence-based guideline for family physicians on chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: A systematic search for guidelines was carried out. Evidence-based guidelines on CHF management in adults in ambulatory care published in English or German between the years 2000 and 2004 were included. Guidelines on acute or right heart failure were excluded. Eligibility was assessed by two reviewers, methodological quality of selected guidelines was appraised using the AGREE instrument, and a framework of relevant clinical questions for diagnostics and treatment was derived. Data were extracted into evidence tables, systematically compared by means of a consistency analysis and synthesized in a preliminary draft. Most relevant primary sources were re-assessed to verify the cited evidence. Evidence and recommendations were summarized in a draft guideline. Results: Of 16 included guidelines five were of good quality. A total of 35 recommendations were systematically compared: 25/35 were consistent, 9/35 inconsistent, and 1/35 un-rateable (derived from a single guideline). Of the 25 consistencies, 14 were based on consensus, seven on evidence and four differed in grading. Major inconsistencies were found in 3/9 of the inconsistent recommendations. We re-evaluated the evidence for 17 recommendations (evidence-based, differing evidence levels and minor inconsistencies) - the majority was congruent. Incongruity was found where the stated evidence could not be verified in the cited primary sources, or where the evaluation in the source guidelines focused on treatment benefits and underestimated the risks. The draft guideline was completed in 8.5 man-months. The main limitation to this study was the lack of a second reviewer. Conclusion: The systematic guideline review including framework development, consistency analysis and validation is an effective, valid, and resource saving-approach to the development of evidence-based guidelines

Motives, Supporting Activities, and Selection Criteria of Social Impact Incubators: An Experimental Conjoint Study

Social impact incubators (SIIs) are a new type of incubator that support social enterprises (SEs) in their early business stages to foster and develop their hybrid objectives. However, research on SIIs is still scarce, and little is known about SIIs’ motives, supporting activities, and selection criteria. In investigating 71 SII decision-makers, we find the societal duty motive stated as “most important,” while the financial motive is stated as “least important.” Furthermore, we identify the authenticity of the founding team and the importance of the societal problem addressed as SIIs’ most important selection criteria. However, significant heterogeneity exists within the group of SIIs with regard to their selection criteria. In particular, SIIs with strong innovation and societal duty motives stand out and differ in their SE selection criteria from other SIIs. Our results extend prior research on SIIs and contribute to the discussion on the selection criteria of SE supporters

Motives, Supporting Activities, and Selection Criteria of Social Impact Incubators: An Experimental Conjoint Study

Social impact incubators (SIIs) are a new type of incubator that support social enterprises (SEs) in their early business stages to foster and develop their hybrid objectives. However, research on SIIs is still scarce, and little is known about SIIs’ motives, supporting activities, and selection criteria. In investigating 71 SII decision-makers, we find the societal duty motive stated as “most important,” while the financial motive is stated as “least important.” Furthermore, we identify the authenticity of the founding team and the importance of the societal problem addressed as SIIs’ most important selection criteria. However, significant heterogeneity exists within the group of SIIs with regard to their selection criteria. In particular, SIIs with strong innovation and societal duty motives stand out and differ in their SE selection criteria from other SIIs. Our results extend prior research on SIIs and contribute to the discussion on the selection criteria of SE supporters

sj-R-4-etp-10.1177_10422587221084249 – Supplemental material for Are Family Firms Doing More Innovation Output With Less Innovation Input? A Replication and Extension

Supplemental material, sj-R-4-etp-10.1177_10422587221084249 for Are Family Firms Doing More Innovation Output With Less Innovation Input? A Replication and Extension by Joern Block, Christopher Hansen and Holger Steinmetz in Entrepreneurship Theory and Practic

sj-csv-1-etp-10.1177_10422587221084249 – Supplemental material for Are Family Firms Doing More Innovation Output With Less Innovation Input? A Replication and Extension

Supplemental material, sj-csv-1-etp-10.1177_10422587221084249 for Are Family Firms Doing More Innovation Output With Less Innovation Input? A Replication and Extension by Joern Block, Christopher Hansen and Holger Steinmetz in Entrepreneurship Theory and Practic

sj-R-4-etp-10.1177_10422587221084249 – Supplemental material for Are Family Firms Doing More Innovation Output With Less Innovation Input? A Replication and Extension

Supplemental material, sj-R-4-etp-10.1177_10422587221084249 for Are Family Firms Doing More Innovation Output With Less Innovation Input? A Replication and Extension by Joern Block, Christopher Hansen and Holger Steinmetz in Entrepreneurship Theory and Practic

sj-csv-1-etp-10.1177_10422587221084249 – Supplemental material for Are Family Firms Doing More Innovation Output With Less Innovation Input? A Replication and Extension

Supplemental material, sj-csv-1-etp-10.1177_10422587221084249 for Are Family Firms Doing More Innovation Output With Less Innovation Input? A Replication and Extension by Joern Block, Christopher Hansen and Holger Steinmetz in Entrepreneurship Theory and Practic

sj-R-4-etp-10.1177_10422587221084249 – Supplemental material for Are Family Firms Doing More Innovation Output With Less Innovation Input? A Replication and Extension

Supplemental material, sj-R-4-etp-10.1177_10422587221084249 for Are Family Firms Doing More Innovation Output With Less Innovation Input? A Replication and Extension by Joern Block, Christopher Hansen and Holger Steinmetz in Entrepreneurship Theory and Practic

sj-xlsx-2-etp-10.1177_10422587221084249 – Supplemental material for Are Family Firms Doing More Innovation Output With Less Innovation Input? A Replication and Extension

Supplemental material, sj-xlsx-2-etp-10.1177_10422587221084249 for Are Family Firms Doing More Innovation Output With Less Innovation Input? A Replication and Extension by Joern Block, Christopher Hansen and Holger Steinmetz in Entrepreneurship Theory and Practic