An approach to ecology based modelling for transportation system of National Parks in a closed

Dünyada su havzaları ve milli parklar başta olmak üzere korunacak tüm doğal alanlar üzerinde insan kaynaklı faaliyetler her geçen gün artmaktadır. Özellikle su kaynaklarının bulunduğu milli parkların hassas şekilde korunması gereği açıktır. Mevcut tarım topraklarının denetimsiz ve aşırı kullanımı, toprak verimini azaltan tarımsal ilaçların kullanılması, her türlü ulaşım araçlarının hassas ekosistemlerin tüm noktalarına denetimsiz girişine izin verilmesi, çevre duyarlı hassas ekosistemlerde karbon emisyon artışı gibi olumsuz etkilere neden olmaktadır. Bu tez çalışması kapsamında, ulaşım kaynaklı ekolojik ayakizinin milli parklar üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini azaltabilmek amacıyla yeni bir ulaşım sistemi modeli araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada, alan ve konuya ilişkin yerli ve yabancı literatür araştırması, trafik sayımı, taraflarla derinlemesine yüz yüze görüşmeler ve anket uygulaması gibi yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Örneklem araştırma alanında, ziyaretçiler ile çevre sakinlerinin mevcut ulaşım sistemini kullanım alışkanlıkları, geliştirilen emisyon formülü ile birim zamanda(gün) miktar(gr) ve değişkenler arasındaki bir bağıntı olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, çevre duyarlı ulaşım Yaklaşımları uygulanan örnek milli park alanlarındaki emisyon miktarındaki azalma oran(lar)ı tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulguların sonucu olarak; Beyşehir Gölü'nün her iki yakasındaki milli park alanlarına yönelik çevre duyarlı ulaşım sistemini temel alan bir model önerilmiştir/geliştirilmiştir.Man-made activities in sensitive ecosystems such as water basins and national parks over the world have been increasing day by day. It is clear that the national parks with water sources especially should be protected sensitively. Over- and uncontrolled use of existing agricultural lands as well as use of agricultural pesticides reduce soil productivity, and besides, uncontrolled access to ecologically sensitive zones cause environmentally negative effects such as increase in heavy carbon emissions. In the context of this thesis, it is examined a new model relating with the transportation system about national parks in order to decrease ecological foot print caused by transport activities. In this study, literature review, traffic survey, and also, surveys with in-depth face-to-face interview have been implemented. Usage habits of the existing transportation system by visitors and residents in the study area is formulated as a relation between amount and variables in unit time by developing emission formulate. In this context, decreasing rate(s) in emissions are found in the national parks where the usage habits of residents and visitors have been changed by the environmentally sensitive policies. As a result, a model focused on the environmentally sensitive transportation systems are devised for the national parks on the both sides of Beyşehir Lake

The Comparative Analysis Of Urban Transport In Ankara By Gender And Age Groups

Today travel time by urban transport has varied as a result of developing urban facilities, land use pattern, development of transport infrastructure and alternative transport system options for communities. Different factors such as transportation mode, transportation distance, travel route as well as disability status, child ownership and working conditions play a role in the differentiation of individuals' travel time. However, age group, gender and the purposes of travel should be specified as some of the main factors among travel time differences that are investigated in this work in order to find out statatisticaly meaningful differences. This study has argued the differences between the travel times of urban transport throughout Ankara on these three basic factors. According to household survey in Ankara, it has been applied to Welch's ANOVA to research whether the participants' purposes of travel influence the average of travel time or not. It has showed that there are statistically considerable differences in general and gender between the average of travel time depending on the purpose of travel. It has been applied to post-hoc tests for determining purposes causing these differences. The difference has been generally seen between travel times for the purpose of work, school and shopping. Individuals from different age groups have differences in travel time for school and shopping. The purposes of travel and travel times of young and middle-age group distinguish from each other. However, there are no considerable differences for child age group between the purposes of travel and travel times by gender.Wo