Time–space analysis of transport system using different mapping methods

Transport systems exist within at least two types of space. One is the apparent geographic space, but equally important is the time–space implied by the travel time relations created by the system. Differences between the geographic and time–spaces are properties induced by the transport system. Methods for time–space transformations of geographic space to explore visualize and analyse transport systems were initially developed in the 1960s and 1970s but due to the low computational capacity not evolved yet. However, these methods have not been pursued beyond this initial flurry of research activity, most likely due to the difficulties associated with handling and processing huge amount of digital geographic data. This paper presents a case study of the transformation possibilities and particularly the usage of non-affine transformations of maps – Rubber-Sheet Method (RSM) – using a typical GIS software called ArcView in order to analyse the current status and development possibilities of the Hungarian railway system. First published online: 09 May 201

Ratios of 15N/12C and 4He/12C inclusive electroproduction cross sections in the nucleon resonance region

The (W,Q2)-dependence of the ratio of inclusive electron scattering cross sections for 15N/12C was determined in the kinematic range 0.8<W<2 GeV and 0.2<Q2<1 GeV2 using 2.285 GeV electrons and the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. The ratios exhibit only slight resonance structure, in agreement with a simple phenomenological model and an extrapolation of DIS ratios to low Q2. Ratios of 4He/12C using 1.6 to 2.5 GeV electrons were measured with very high statistical precision, and were used to correct for He in the N and C targets. The (W,Q2) dependence of the 4He/12C ratios is in good agreement with the phenomenological model, and exhibit significant resonance structure centered at W=0.94, 1.23 and 1.5 GeV.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures. Significantly shortened version. Results unchanged. Small additions for Phys. Rev.

Determination of the vertical gradients based on Eötvös torsion balance measurements

The value of the vertical gradient in any given point can be determined using Haalck’s method. The vertical gradient is the sole element of the Eötvös-tensor, which cannot be measured by the Eötvös torsion balance; however, the Haalck-method enables its calculation through interpolation. Eötvös-tensor measurement fluctuation between two adjacent points must be linear in order for the Haalck-method to work. This paper sought to analyze this assumption of linearity

Environmental footprint design tool: Exchanging geographical information system and computer-aided design data in real time

The pairing of computer-aided design and geographical information system data creates an opportunity to connect an architectural design process with a robust analysis of its environmental constraints. Yet, the geographical information system data may be too overwhelmingly complex to be fully used in computer-aided design without computer-assisted methods of filtering relevant information. This article reports on the implementation of an integrated environment for three-dimensional computer-aided design and environmental impact. The project focused on a two-way data exchange between geographical information system and computer-aided design in building design. While the two different technologies may rely on separate representational models, in combination they can provide a more complete view of the natural and built environment. The challenge in integration is that of bridging the differences in analytical methods and database formats. Our approach is rooted in part in constraint-based design methods, well established in computer-aided design (e.g. Sketchpad, Generative Components, and computer-aided three-dimensional interactive application). Within such computer-aided design systems, geometrical transformations may be intentionally constrained to help enforce a set of design determinants. Although this current implementation modestly relates to geometrical constraints, the use of probabilistic risk values is more central to its methodology

Comparing different mass models to the water level fluctuations of the river Danube

Due to the weather extremes the water level of the Danube has become more fluctuating. With constant measurement, the effect of the flood of the Danube on the mass field is calculable. Having made enough observations, the time variation of gravity gradients due to the fluctuation of the water level may be predictable. The mass model of the Danube, created to simulate the gravitational effects of the fluctuations, was composed either by polyhedron volume elements or homogeneous density polyeders. After the simulations, the gravity gradients of the different mass models were compared to the previous measurements made by Eötvös torsion balance