Occupational Perspectives on Health in People with Schizophrenia

The thesis has provided with systematic information about how people with schizophrenia live their everyday life, and the results have shown significant relationships between occupational perspectives and health. The thesis departed in two in-depth studies that concerned time use and occupational engagement in relation to what people with schizophrenia do in their everyday life, with whom they are with, where they are and how they perceive and experience what they do, as reflected by time-use diaries. The first study showed that most time was spent alone, at home, where few occupational situations worked as a routine, providing a structure in terms of familiarity of habits. The second study showed that the participants functioned at different levels of occupational engagement, which ranged from performing mostly quiet activities alone, at home, with few routines and a little sense of meaning, to having ongoing occupational engagement that were interpreted as having meaning, in a greater variety of social and geographical environments. In particular, the function of performing quiet activities, the different ways of being social and of interpreting on experiences, have provided with new aspects that concern the occupational behaviour in people with schizophrenia. Based of these findings elucidated so far, the third and fourth study concerned the development of a reliable and valid instrument, the Profiles of Occupational Engagement in people with Schizophrenia. In study four and five, the POES was used to assess occupational engagement in relation to health related variables. The results showed that a high level of occupational engagement was related to higher ratings of self-related variables, fewer psychiatric symptoms, and better ratings of quality of life, and vice versa. The results of this thesis add a new dimension to understanding mental health. Consequently, identifying the level of occupational engagement in clients with schizophrenia is imperative to, understanding occupational balance and disability, the forming of a supporting relationship, providing appropriate occupational challenges and environmental support with intention to facilitate self-definition

Exploring communication and interaction skills at work among participants in individual placement and support.

Not all people with severe mental illness who attend Individual Placement and Support (IPS) gain and keep their jobs or work full time. Research has indicated a relationship between social disabilities and work performance in this group, and that support provided is often directed towards the social work environment. However, relationships between social skills performed in an authentic work setting and vocational outcomes have not been explored

PENGARUH MEDIA SOSIAL DAN SUASANA TOKO TERHADAP PROSES KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN (Survey Pada Pengunjung Eatboss Cafe Cabang Lengkong)

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Media Sosial dan Suasana Toko terhadap Proses Keputusan Pembelian pada Eatboss Cafe Cabang Lengkong. Eatboss Cafe Cabang Lengkong merupakan sebuah cafe yang menjual berbagai produk makanan dan minuman. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif verifikatif. Objek penelitian adalah konsumen Eatboss Cafe Cabang Lengkong dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 responden. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan analisis korelasi berganda, dan koefisien determinasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis pengaruh media sosial dan suasana toko terhadap proses keputusan pembelian secara simultan adalah sebesar 121,580. Sedangkan secara parsial suasana toko lebih besar pengaruhnya daripada media sosial, karena berdasarkan perhitungan standardized coefficients beta memiliki nilai tertinggi yaitu sebesar 0,474 dibandingkan media sosial

Psychometric testing of a self-report measure of engagement in productive occupations.

Occupational therapists working with clients in productive occupations explicitly or implicitly assess their clients' occupational engagement

Individual Placement and Support is the keyhole : Employer experiences of supporting persons with mental illness

BACKGROUND: Rehabilitation professionals are increasingly interested in the vocational rehabilitation approach called Individual Placement and Support (IPS) for persons with serious mental illness. OBJECTIVE: Since employers play a crucial supporting role for the IPS service user in the workplace, the aim of this study was to explore the experiences and views of employers in Sweden who have participated in the IPS network and taken IPS service users into their workforce. METHODS: Grounded theory with situational analysis was used to analyze data from nine employers. RESULTS: The core category being socially committedwas identified. Six stages/categories illustrated the employer process, from taking on IPS service users to supporting them at work: 1) IPS is the keyhole, 2) being ready to open the door, 3) making a job offer, 4) removing barriers, 5) achieving the goal, and 6) pride mixed with negative feelings. CONCLUSION: The study results suggest that collaborative relationships with employers must be based on trust and professionalism, and that employers must be provided with adequate support

Factors Influencing Occupational Engagement in Day Centers for People with Psychiatric Disabilities.

Occupational engagement is a vital factor in people's lives since it has been shown to be important for health and well-being. Community-based day centers (DCs), both meeting place-oriented and work-oriented ones, are common service alternatives in many western countries for enabling engagement in productive and leisure occupations among people with psychiatric disabilities. Little is, however, known about factors influencing occupational engagement in such settings. We aimed to investigate how factors pertaining to day center attendance, socio-demographics, motivation, clinical and self-related characteristics were related to how day center attendees rated their occupational engagement in productive occupations. These variables were assessed among day center attendees in meeting place-oriented (n = 39) and work-oriented (n = 54) DCs in Sweden through questionnaires and interviews. Logistic regression models showed that (1) less general psychopathology and more time spent on day center occupations were indicators of belonging to the group with a high level of occupational engagement according to a median cut; (2) higher perceived self-mastery was the only important factor with respect to ratings of occupational engagement above the third quartile. The models may be seen as creating a stepwise indication on which factors are important for reaching a medium level of occupational engagement (less severe general psychopathology and time spent at the day center) and for reaching a still higher level (a high level self-mastery), respectively, of occupational engagement. The findings may also be discussed in relation to different levels of engagement in a recovery process

Reclaiming the worker role: Perceptions of people with mental illness participating in IPS.

Objective: People with severe mental illness are often successful in gaining work when participating in the evidence-based Individual Placement and Support (IPS) approach. Little evidence exists on how starting work is perceived by IPS participants. This qualitative study aimed to explore how IPS participants perceived working and the work environment to impact on their work performance. Methods: Nineteen participants starting work in mainstream work settings were interviewed. Questions from the Work Environment Impact Scale were used and data was analysed by content analysis. The participants strove to fit in by coping with environmental demands and adapting to their worker role. Results: Work was perceived as having a positive impact on their daily life, although starting work was perceived as a challenge and the mental illness affected work performance. Personal strategies were needed in order to cope. They perceived both supportive and demanding factors in their work environments, such as the employer's support and the social atmosphere among colleagues. Conclusion: The study showed that it is vital to focus on the individual's own strategies for adapting to the worker role when designing the support, as well as to develop collaborative relationships with employers and to optimize the match between the individual and the demands of the work environment

Participation in day centres for people with psychiatric disabilities: Characteristics of occupations.

Abstract People with psychiatric disabilities (PD) are a vulnerable group, and should be offered support and rehabilitation when needed. Day centres that provide individually matched daily occupations are an important link to provide that. The present study aimed at gaining knowledge regarding the occupations performed in day centres, in terms of the participants' descriptions of what they were doing. Eighty-eight persons with PD completed a time-use diary that focused on the most recent day. The participants were selected from six different day centres, meeting-place-oriented as well as more work-oriented ones. By qualitative content analysis six categories were identified, representing the occupations performed; social occupations, maintenance occupations, creative occupations, manufacturing occupations, service occupations, and information-focused occupations. A main theme termed "being at the day centre means participating in occupations with different levels of demand" was also discerned. The day centres served as a social meeting point and an opportunity to be involved in occupations with different levels of demand. This study highlights the role day centres could play in the rehabilitation of people with PD, and the potential that lies in the knowledge of the levels of occupational demands when meeting individual occupational needs and when analysing and planning interventions