Interpretation of Solar Magnetic Field Strength Observations

This study based on longitudinal Zeeman effect magnetograms and spectral line scans investigates the dependence of solar surface magnetic fields on the spectral line used and the way the line is sampled in order to estimate the magnetic flux emerging above the solar atmosphere and penetrating to the corona from magnetograms of the Mt. Wilson 150-foot tower synoptic program (MWO). We have compared the synoptic program \lambda5250\AA line of Fe I to the line of Fe I at \lambda5233\AA since this latter line has a broad shape with a profile that is nearly linear over a large portion of its wings. The present study uses five pairs of sampling points on the $\lambda5233$\AA line. We recommend adoption of the field determined with a line bisector method with a sampling point as close as possible to the line core as the best estimate of the emergent photospheric flux. The combination of the line profile measurements and the cross-correlation of fields measured simultaneously with \lambda5250\AA and \lambda5233\AA yields a formula for the scale factor 1/\delta that multiplies the MWO synoptic magnetic fields. The new calibration shows that magnetic fields measured by the MDI system on the SOHO spacecraft are equal to 0.619+/-0.018 times the true value at a center-to-limb position 30 deg. Berger and Lites (2003) found this factor to be 0.64+/-0.013 based on a comparison the the Advanced Stokes Polarimeter.Comment: Accepted by Solar Physic

A review of modular strategies and architecture within manufacturing operations

This paper reviews existing modularity and modularization literature within manufacturing operations. Its purpose is to examine the tools, techniques, and concepts relating to modular production, to draw together key issues currently dominating the literature, to assess managerial implications associated with the emerging modular paradigm, and to present an agenda for future research directions. The review is based on journal papers included in the ABI/Inform electronic database and other noteworthy research published as part of significant research programmes. The research methodology concerns reviewing existing literature to identify key modular concepts, to determine modular developments, and to present a review of significant contributions to the field. The findings indicate that the modular paradigm is being adopted in a number of manufacturing organizations. As a result a range of conceptual tools, techniques, and frameworks has emerged and the field of modular enquiry is in the process of codifying the modular lexicon and developing appropriate modular strategies commensurate with the needs of manufacturers. Modular strategies and modular architecture were identified as two key issues currently dominating the modular landscape. Based on this review, the present authors suggest that future research areas need to focus on the development and subsequent standardization of interface protocols, cross-brand module use, supply chain power, transparency, and trust. This is the first review of the modular landscape and as such provides insights into, first, the development of modularization and, second, issues relating to designing modular products and modular supply chains

Solar Seismology from Space. a Conference at Snowmass, Colorado

The quality of the ground based observing environment suffers from several degrading factors: diurnal interruptions and thermal variations, atmospheric seeing and transparency fluctuations and adverse weather interruptions are among the chief difficulties. The limited fraction of the solar surface observable from only one vantage point is also a potential limitation to the quality of the data available without going to space. Primary conference goals were to discuss in depth the scientific return from current observations and analyses of solar oscillations, to discuss the instrumental and site requirements for realizing the full potential of the seismic analysis method, and to help bring new workers into the field by collecting and summarizing the key background theory. At the conclusion of the conference there was a clear consensus that ground based observation would not be able to provide data of the quality required to permit a substantial analysis of the solar convection zone dynamics or to permit a full deduction of the solar interior structure

The 1984 solar oscillation program of the Mount Wilson 60-foot tower

The instrumentation, data, and preliminary results from the summer, 1984, solar oscillation observing program which was carried out using the 60-foot tower telescope of the Mt. Wilson Observatory are described. This program was carried out with a dedicated solar oscillation observing system and obtained full-disk Dopplergrams every 40 seconds for up to 11 hours per day. Between June and September, 1984, observations were obtained with a Na magneto-optical filter on 90 different days. The data analysis has progressed to the point that spherical harmonic filter functions were employed to generate a few one-dimensional power spectra from a single day's observations

Optimizing Replica Exchange Moves For Molecular Dynamics

In this short note we sketch the statistical physics framework of the replica exchange technique when applied to molecular dynamics simulations. In particular, we draw attention to generalized move sets that allow a variety of optimizations as well as new applications of the method.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures; revised version (1 figure added), PRE in pres

Crystal growth in fused solvent systems

The successful nucleation of bismuth germanate, B12GeO20 on a high quality seed and the growth of regions of single crystals of the same orientation of the seed are reported. Lead germanate, Pb5Ge3O11 was also identified as a ferroelectric crystal with large electrooptic and nonlinear optic constants. Solvent criteria, solvent/development, and crystal growth are discussed, and recommendations for future studies are included

The five-minute oscillations: What's left to be done

Current observational methods for studying these oscillations at large horizontal wavenumbers are discussed in detail and several two dimensional power spectra obtained with a CID camera on the main spectrograph of the McMath telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory are described. The best-resolved observations of the p-mode obtained at chromospheric elevations are also presented. Recent progress in studies of the p-modes at low wavenumbers with full-disk velocity detection schemes is summarized. These full-disk observations of radial and low-degree non-radial modes were shown to place severe constraints on the theoretical calculation of solar interior structure. Progress in making fully-consistent solar models which fit both the high- and low-wave number observations is described. Finally, the observational and theoretical improvements that are necessary for further progress in solar seismology are summarized

The analysis of solar models: Neutrinos and oscillations

Tests of solar neutrino flux and solar oscillation frequencies were used to assess standard stellar structure theory. Standard and non-standard solar models are enumerated and discussed. The field of solar seismology, wherein the solar interior is studied from the measurement of solar oscillations, is introduced

The Midpoint Rule as a Variational--Symplectic Integrator. I. Hamiltonian Systems

Numerical algorithms based on variational and symplectic integrators exhibit special features that make them promising candidates for application to general relativity and other constrained Hamiltonian systems. This paper lays part of the foundation for such applications. The midpoint rule for Hamilton's equations is examined from the perspectives of variational and symplectic integrators. It is shown that the midpoint rule preserves the symplectic form, conserves Noether charges, and exhibits excellent long--term energy behavior. The energy behavior is explained by the result, shown here, that the midpoint rule exactly conserves a phase space function that is close to the Hamiltonian. The presentation includes several examples.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, REVTe