Ein hybodontoider Euselachier (Pisces) aus dem Rotliegenden (Unterperm) der Pfalz (Westdeutschland)

Der Rest eines hybodontoiden Euselachiers aus dem Unterrotliegenden (Unterperm) der Pfalz (SW-Deutschland) wird beschrieben. Platte und Gegenplatte zeigen einen gedrungenen, gekrümmten Stachel einer vorderen Dorsalis mit Stützplatfe, einen schlanken, ebenfalls gebogenen Stachel der hinteren Dorsalis mit Stützplatte, das basipterygoidale Skelett und vermutlich dreieckige Beckenflossen, die durch einfache, ungeteilte Radialia gestützt sind. Placoidschuppen sind vorhanden.Abstract: The fragment of a hybodontoid euselachian shark out ot the Lower Rotliegend (Lower Permian) of the Palatinate (SW-Germany) is described. Specimen and counterpart show a short and curved spine of afore-most dorsal fin with joisting cartilage plate and a slender also curved spine of the posterior dorsal fin with cartilage plate, the basipterygoid skeleton and possibly triangle pelvic fins that are joisted by short undivided radials. Placoid scales are existing.researc

Appendix 1 Nigritella data inds ver 3

All genetic data for individual accessions of Nigritella, including nuclear microsatellite data, plastid haplotype data and ITS typ

Data from: Evolution and systematics of polyploid Nigritella (Orchidaceae)

Members of the orchid genus Nigritella are widespread in European mountains, but species circumscriptions and evolutionary patterns in the genus are subjects to conflicting opinions. We analyzed a representative material of Nigritella for differentiation at nuclear and plastid marker loci. In agreement with predictions from embryological studies, diploid members of Nigritella are sexual and mostly out-crossing, whereas triploid, tetraploid and pentaploid members are apomicts. The diploid taxa were poorly differentiated in the investigated molecular markers, except for the western N. gabasiana, which was separated in plastid haplotypes. Polyploid Nigritella aggregate into three groups and within each of these groups apomictic polyploids have given rise to new species. Within the N. nigra group, the tetraploid N. nigra ssp. austriaca is somewhat differentiated from the triploid ssp. nigra at nuclear as well as plastid loci. Fusion of an unreduced egg cell from ssp. nigra with a haploid microgamete from Gymnadenia conopsea gave rise to Gymnigritella runei. Within the N. widderi group, N. archiducis-joannis is poorly separated from N. widderi in molecular markers, and the pentaploid N. buschmanniae has evolved by fusion of an unreduced egg cell from N. widderi with a haploid microgamete from a diploid Nigritella. Within the N. miniata group, N. stiriaca is somewhat differentiated from N. miniata at nuclear loci, but no other segregates of N. miniata are supported at species level. Polyploid Nigritella species accumulate genetic diversity by somatic mutations. In the widespread N. nigra ssp. austriaca and N. miniata this diversity is correlated to geography. Although some polyploids may be of recent origins, each polyploid contain genetic markers no longer encountered in diploid members of the genus. According to plastid marker data, Nigritella and Gymnadenia may constitute monophyletic sister genera

Evaluation of Integrated HPV DNA as Individualized Biomarkers for the Detection of Recurrent CIN2/3 during Post-Treatment Surveillance

Purpose: Post-treatment follow-up in women with cervical pre-cancers (CIN3) is mandatory due to relapse in up to 10% of patients. Standard follow-up based on hrHPV-DNA/cytology co-testing has high sensitivity but limited specificity. The aim of our prospective, multicenter, observational study was to test the hypothesis that an individualized viral-cellular-junction test (vcj-PCR) combined with cytology has a lower false positive rate for the prediction of recurrence compared to standard co-testing. Methods: Pre-surgical cervical swabs served for the identification of HPV16/18 DNA integration sites by next-generation-sequencing (NGS). Samples taken at 6, 12 and 24 months post-surgery were evaluated by cytology, hrHPV-DNA and the patients’ individual HPV-integration sites (vcj-PCR on the basis of NGS). Results: Integration sites were detected in 48 of 445 patients (10.8%), 39 of them had valid follow-up data. The false positive rate was 18.2% (95% CI 8.6–34.4%) for standard hrHPV/cytology at six months compared to 12.1% (95% CI 4.8–27.3%) for vcj-PCR/cytology, respectively (McNemar p = 0.50). Six patients developed recurrences (1 CIN2, 5 CIN3) during follow-up. Standard co-testing detected all, whereas vcj-PCR/cytology detected only five patients with recurrences. Data of 269 patients without evidence of HPV16/18 integration were subject to post-hoc analyses. Standard co-testing revealed a false positive rate of 15.7% (95% CI 11.7–20.7%) and predicted ten of fourteen recurrences at six months. Conclusions: Although highly specific on its own vcj-PCR could not detect all recurrent CIN2/3. Possible reasons for this unexpected result may be multifocal lesions, intratumoral heterogeneity with respect to HPV integration and/or incident CIN