The intron-containing gene for yeast profilin (PFY) encodes a vital function

The gene coding for profilin (PFY), an actin-binding protein, occurs as a single copy in the haploid genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is required for spore germination and cell viability. Displacement of one gene copy in a diploid cell by a nonfunctional allele is recessively lethal: tetrad analysis yields only two viable spores per ascus. The PFY gene maps on chromosome XV and is linked to the ADE2 marker. The primary transcript of about 1,000 bases contains an intron of 209 bases and is spliced into a messenger of about 750 bases. The intron was identified by comparison with a cDNA clone, which also revealed the 3' end of the transcript. The 5' end of the mRNA was mapped by primer elongation. The gene is transcribed constitutively and has a coding capacity for a protein of 126 amino acids. The deduced molecular weight o

Muscarinic receptor-mediated intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in embryonic chick heart cells

AbstractActivation of muscarinic receptors of heart cells elevates the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The increase is considered to be due to influx of extracellular Ca2+. We show that intracellular Ca2+ mobilization is involved. Cell suspensions prepared from hearts of 6-day-old chick embryos were loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ chelator chlortetracycline. Muscarinic stimulation induces a dose-dependent fluorescence decrease (ED50=2.6 × 10−6 M) indicating intracellular Ca2+ mobilization

Allgemeine Maßnahmen zur Arbeitsbeschaffung - ein Geschäft auf Gegenseitigkeit? : zur Theorie und Empirie arbeitsmarktpolitischer Feinsteuerung

"Seit die lokalen Akteure immer stärker bei der Gestaltung von ABM initiativ werden, erweist sich eine Forschungspraxis als unvollständig, die, von der zentralen Gestaltung der Arbeitsmarktpolitik ausgehend, nur auf die Analyse der Wirkung von ABM abzielt. Die Autoren setzen demgegenüber voraus, daß die Transformation des ABM-Prozesses auch eine Erweiterung der Forschungsperspektive impliziert: von der globalen Wirkungsanalyse zur Untersuchung der Implementation im Handlungsgeflecht lokaler Arbeitsmarktakteure. Allerdings liegen bisher zu diesem Thema nur vereinzelte Fallstudien vor, deren Ergebnisse in der präsentierten Form nicht verallgemeinert werden können. Die Autoren versuchen daher, auf der Grundlage einer sekundäranalytischen Auswertung der vorliegenden Befunde sowie unter Berücksichtigung eigener Forschungsergebnisse ein theoretisches Konzept zu entwerfen, das über die Beliebigkeit isolierter Einzelstudien hinausweist und als Grundlage für die weitere Forschungspraxis dienen kann." (Autorenreferat)Arbeitsbeschaffungsmaßnahme, Wirkungsforschung - Konzeption, Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Kommunalpolitik

An integrated architecture for shallow and deep processing

We present an architecture for the integration of shallow and deep NLP components which is aimed at flexible combination of different language technologies for a range of practical current and future applications. In particular, we describe the integration of a high-level HPSG parsing system with different high-performance shallow components, ranging from named entity recognition to chunk parsing and shallow clause recognition. The NLP components enrich a representation of natural language text with layers of new XML meta-information using a single shared data structure, called the text chart. We describe details of the integration methods, and show how information extraction and language checking applications for realworld German text benefit from a deep grammatical analysis

X-Ray absorption spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation for the determination of electron-atom-scattering-amplitudes and structure parameters from the extended absorption fine structure

Ein Experiment zur Messung der kantenfernen Röntgenabsorptionsfeinstruktur (EXAFS) an den K- und L-Kanten schwererer Elemente mit Hilfe der Synchrotronstrahlung des DESY wurde entworfen und aufgebaut. Messungen an einer Vielzahl von Proben wurden durchgeführt und Strukturparameter wie auch Elektron-Atom-Streuamplituden wurden abgeleitet und mit Berechnungen und mitexperimentellen Daten anderer Methoden verglichen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Auswertung der EXAFS-Daten in vielen Fällen zusätzliche Strukturinformationen liefern kann.An experimental setup for measurements of the extended X-ray-absorption fine structure (EXAFS) at K- and L-edges of heavier elements was devised for use with synchrotron radiation of the DESY. Measurements on numerous samples were performed and structue parameters as well as electron-atom-scattering amplitudes were derived and compared with calculations and experimental data from other methods. It could be shown that the evaluation of EXAFS data can deliver complementary structure information in many cases

A three-enzyme-system to degrade curcumin to natural vanillin

The symmetrical structure of curcumin includes two 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl substructures. Laccase catalyzed formation of a phenol radical, radical migration and oxygen insertion at the benzylic positions can result in the formation of vanillin. As vanillin itself is a preferred phenolic substrate of laccases, the formation of vanillin oligomers and polymers is inevitable, once vanillin becomes liberated. To decelerate the oligomerization, one of the phenolic hydroxyl groups was protected via acetylation. Monoacetyl curcumin with an approximate molar yield of 49% was the major acetylation product, when a lipase from Candida antarctica (CAL) was used. In the second step, monoacetyl curcumin was incubated with purified laccases of various basidiomycete fungi in a biphasic system (diethyl ether/aqueous buffer). A laccase from Funalia trogii (LccFtr) resulted in a high conversion (46% molar yield of curcumin monoacetate) to vanillin acetate. The non-protected vanillin moiety reacted to a mixture of higher molecular products. In the third step, the protecting group was removed from vanillin acetate using a feruloyl esterase from Pleurotus eryngii (PeFaeA) (68% molar yield). Alignment of the amino acid sequences indicated that high potential laccases performed better in this mediator and cofactor-free reaction