Effects of Learning Guided Discovery Using Map Concept of Process Skills and Abilities Cognitive Science Physics Students SMA

The purpose of this study were to analyze science process skill and physics cognitive competence taught of students by guided discovery learning by using the concept maps or taught by conventional learning. The research type was quasi experiment with the two group pre-test and post test design, and the population of this study was all students class X semester II at senior high school 1 Pancur Batu. The research sample was taken by simple random sampling technique consist of two class, theyare the experimental class taught by the guided discovery learning by using the concept maps and the control class taught by the conventional learning. The data of this research was taken using observation sheet to see the science process skill of students and multiple choice test to see the students\u27 physics cognitive competence. The result showed that the average value of science process skills of students in the experimental class is 69.26, while in the control class 47.72 and cognitive competence taught of students\u27 physics class experiment was 81.33, while in the control class 75.50. The results of this research indicated that science process skill of students on and physics cognitive competence taught by the guided discovery learning by using the concept maps was better than taught by the conventional learning

GaAs(111)A and B in hydrazine sulfide solutions : extreme polarity dependence of surface adsorption processes

Chemical bonds formed by hydrazine-sulfide treatment of GaAs(111) were studied by synchrotron photoemission spectroscopy. At the B surface, the top arsenic atoms are replaced by nitrogen atoms, while GaAs(111)A is covered by sulfur, also bonded to underlying gallium, despite the sulfide molar concentration being 103 times smaller than that of the hydrazine. This extreme dependence on surface polarity is explained by competitive adsorption processes of HS- and OH- anions and of hydrazine molecules, on Ga- adsorption sites, which have distinct configurations on the A and B surfaces

Absence of an intrinsic value for the surface recombination velocity in doped semiconductors

A self-consistent expression for the surface recombination velocity $S$ and the surface Fermi level unpinning energy as a function of light excitation power ($P$) is presented for n- and p-type semiconductors doped above the 10$^{16}$ cm$^{-3}$ range. Measurements of $S$ on p-type GaAs films using a novel polarized microluminescence technique are used to illustrate two limiting cases of the model. For a naturally oxidized surface $S$ is described by a power law in $P$ whereas for a passivated surface $S^{-1}$ varies logarithmically with $P$. Furthermore, the variation in $S$ with surface state density and bulk doping level is found to be the result of Fermi level unpinning rather than a change in the intrinsic surface recombination velocity. It is concluded that $S$ depends on $P$ throughout the experimentally accessible range of excitation powers and therefore that no instrinsic value can be determined. Previously reported values of $S$ on a range of semiconducting materials are thus only valid for a specific excitation power.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Wet chemical nitridation of GaAs (100) by hydrazine solution for surface passivation

A mild wet nitridation procedure using hydrazine-based solutions has been developed for GaAs (100) surface passivation. Both x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry show that this nitridation procedure results in a very thin, coherent, and homogeneous GaN layer that is very stable in air. Photoluminescence data show a strong enhancement of the intensity as compared to that of an as-cleaned GaAs sample, indicating that this nitrided layer provides both chemical and electronic passivation of GaAs surfaces. The chemical mechanism of nitridation is discusse

Perceptions of rewards among volunteer caregivers of people living with AIDS working in faith-based organizations in South Africa: a qualitative study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Volunteer caregivers are a critical source of support for the majority of people living with HIV and AIDS in southern Africa, which has extremely high HIV/AIDS prevalence rates. While studies have shown that volunteer caregiving is associated with negative health and socio-economic outcomes, little is known about the positive experiences of volunteers in the home-based care context in South Africa. The purpose of this study is to explore the perception of rewards among volunteers working in home-based care settings.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study uses a qualitative design. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposively selected sample of 55 volunteer caregivers using an interview schedule containing open-ended questions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Volunteer caregivers derived intrinsic rewards related to self-growth and personal (emotional and psychological) development on the job; they also derived satisfaction from community members taking a liking for them and expressing a need for their services. Volunteers felt gratified by the improvements in their health behaviours, which were a direct consequence of the experiences of caring for terminally ill patients with AIDS. Extrinsic rewards came from appreciation and recognition shown by patients and community members. Extrinsic rewards also accrued to volunteers when the services they rendered made their patients happy. Perhaps the greatest sources of extrinsic rewards are skills and competencies acquired from training and experience while caring for their patients, and volunteers' ability to make a difference in the community.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Insights into volunteer caregiver rewards provide opportunities for policy makers and programme managers to develop a model of home-based care that facilitates the accrual of rewards to volunteers alongside volunteers' traditional duties of patient care. Programme managers could employ these insights in recruiting and assisting volunteers to identify and reflect on rewards in the caregiving situation as a means of reducing the burden of care and sustaining volunteer interest in caregiving.</p

The impact of protocol assignment for older adolescents with Hodgkin lymphoma

Background and Purpose: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) treatment has evolved to reduce or avoid radiotherapy (RT) dose and volume and minimize the potential for late effects. Some older adolescents are treated on adult protocols. The purpose of this study is to examine the protocol assignment of older adolescents and its impact on radiation dose to relevant thoracic structures. Materials and Methods: Cooperative group data were reviewed and 12 adolescents were randomly selected from a pediatric HL protocol. Treatment plans were generated per one pediatric and two adult protocols. Dose volume histograms for heart, lung, and breast allowed comparison of radiation dose to these sites across these three protocols. Results: A total of 15.2% of adolescents were treated on adult HL protocols and received significantly higher radiation dosage to heart and lung compared to pediatric HL protocols. Adolescents treated on either pediatric or adult protocols received similar RT dose to breast. Conclusion: Older adolescents treated on adult HL protocols received higher RT dose to thoracic structures except breast. Level of nodal involvement may impact overall RT dose to breast. The impact of varying field design and RT dose on survival, local, and late effects needs further study for this vulnerable age group

Young children and tablets: the views of parents and teachers

Touch screen tablets are now widely available and due to the increasing use of these technologies in homes and early years centres, it is important to consider parent and teacher views about their use. This paper reports on an interview study which explored the perspectives of four parents of children aged 20–36 months and their two teachers in one early learning centre in the north of England. Key findings were that parents and teachers had a positive perspective on young children’s use of tablets and viewed them as educationally valuable. They expressed that they did not wish children to be left behind in learning about new technologies and emphasized having a ‘balanced’ approach to tablets. However, there were also concerns voiced over the potential overuse and misuse of tablets at home suggesting more guidance for parents is needed to support young children’s experiences with tablets

Medical Management and Rehabilitation in the Workplace: Emerging Issues

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45004/1/10926_2004_Article_223619.pd

From papers to practices: district level priority setting processes and criteria for family planning, maternal, newborn and child health interventions in Tanzania

Contains fulltext : 97928.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Successful priority setting is increasingly known to be an important aspect in achieving better family planning, maternal, newborn and child health (FMNCH) outcomes in developing countries. However, far too little attention has been paid to capturing and analysing the priority setting processes and criteria for FMNCH at district level. This paper seeks to capture and analyse the priority setting processes and criteria for FMNCH at district level in Tanzania. Specifically, we assess the FMNCH actor's engagement and understanding, the criteria used in decision making and the way criteria are identified, the information or evidence and tools used to prioritize FMNCH interventions at district level in Tanzania. METHODS: We conducted an exploratory study mixing both qualitative and quantitative methods to capture and analyse the priority setting for FMNCH at district level, and identify the criteria for priority setting. We purposively sampled the participants to be included in the study. We collected the data using the nominal group technique (NGT), in-depth interviews (IDIs) with key informants and documentary review. We analysed the collected data using both content analysis for qualitative data and correlation analysis for quantitative data. RESULTS: We found a number of shortfalls in the district's priority setting processes and criteria which may lead to inefficient and unfair priority setting decisions in FMNCH. In addition, participants identified the priority setting criteria and established the perceived relative importance of the identified criteria. However, we noted differences exist in judging the relative importance attached to the criteria by different stakeholders in the districts. CONCLUSIONS: In Tanzania, FMNCH contents in both general development policies and sector policies are well articulated. However, the current priority setting process for FMNCH at district levels are wanting in several aspects rendering the priority setting process for FMNCH inefficient and unfair (or unsuccessful). To improve district level priority setting process for the FMNCH interventions, we recommend a fundamental revision of the current FMNCH interventions priority setting process. The improvement strategy should utilize rigorous research methods combining both normative and empirical methods to further analyze and correct past problems at the same time use the good practices to improve the current priority setting process for FMNCH interventions. The suggested improvements might give room for efficient and fair (or successful) priority setting process for FMNCH interventions