ISOLASI PROSUK BIOTRANSFORMASI DIOSGENIN DENGAN KULTUR SUSPENSI SEL COSTUS SPECIOSUS KOEN (KODE F-8)

penelitian ini berdasarka pengujian hipotesis, menyimpulkan bahwa salah satu produk biotransformasi dengan Rf lebih kecil dari Rf. diosgenin dan lebih besa

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Antibiofilm Minyak Atsiri Rimpang Bengle (Zingiber purpureum Roscoe) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis (Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity Test of Bengle Rhizome Essential Oil (Zingiber purpureum Roscoe) agains

Staphylococcus epidermidis has become one of the most important pathogenic bacteria that lead to nosocomial infection. This is caused by its ability to form a biofilm on the surface. Essential oils are one of the natural product that could be used as antiinfection agents. Bengle rhizome essential oil has been known to have activity against non-pathogenic bacteria S. epidermidis. This study was proposed to know the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of bengle rhizome essential oil against clinical isolate of S. epidermidis at concentrations of 45, 60, 75, and 90%. Antibacterial activity was determined by the diffusion method with hole plate technique, while antibiofilm activity was determined by the microtiter assay method with crystal violet staining and quantified by measuring the optical density (OD) at λ 595 nm. This study showed that bengle rhizome essential oil has antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. The largest antibacterial and antibiofilm activity was shown from 90% concentration of bengle rhizome essential oil. Keywords: nosocomial infections, antibacterial, antibiofilm, bengle essential oil, Staphylococcus epidermidis

Uji Aktivitas Antihiperurisemia Ekstrak n-Heksana, Etil Asetat, dan Etanol 70% Daun Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.) pada Mencit Jantan Hiperurisemia

The purpose of this research was to study the activity of Sonchus arvensis leaves extract as antihyperuricemics agent on hyperuricemic male mice. Eighteen male mice were divided into six groups, i.e the first group as a normal control K(N); the second group as a negative control K(-) treated chicken liver juice 0,2 % b/v orally; the third group as a positive control K(+) treated allopurinol 10 mg/kg BW orally; the fourth to six groups P1, P2, and P3 were treated with nhexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol 70% of Sonchus arvensis leaves extract 300 mg/kg BW orally for 4 days. Pottasium oxonate 300 mg/kg BW i.p was induced 1 hour before the blood samples was collected. The blood samples was taken from vena ophtalmicus. The concentration of uric acid was determined with FS DHBSA. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA and LSD test. The result showed that activity of ethyl acetate and ethanol 70% extract of Sonchus arvensis leaves has significant effect in reducing the concentration of uric acid in hyperuricemic mice. Base on phytochemistry screening it has flavonoid and terpenoid. The substance that estimated has antihyperuricemic activity was flavonoid

PENGEMBANGAN FORMULA KRIM MINYAK SEREH (Cymbopogon citratus) SEBAGAI ANTI NYAMUK TOPIKAL

Volatile oils extracted by steam distillation from Cymbopogon citratus were formulated in creams. Theessential oils were then employed as active ingredients in the preparation of insect repellents used in our field trials.These creams containing 0%; 0,5%; 1%; 5%; 10% and 15% (w/w) of volatile oil from Cymbopogon citratus. Thesecreams were evaluated in physical qualities like appearance, pH, spreadibility, and viscosity. And also wereevaluated for their repellency effect against adult female mosquitoes of Aedes aegypti. Results from the field trialsindicate that cream containing 10% of the essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus provided 1071 ± 26.514 seconds ofprotection time against mosquito bites. And the cream containing 15% of the essential oil from Cymbopogoncitratus provided 1097.333 ± 19.139 seconds. It means cream containing 15% of the essential oil is the best formula ofrepellent cream, but does not significantly with cream containing 10 % of the essential oi

Pengaruh Ekstrak Metanol Daun Kayu Kuning (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr) terhadap Histopatologi Aorta Tikus Wistar Hiperlipidemia (The Influence of Methanol Extract of Yellow Root (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr) Leaves on Aortic Histopathology in Hyperli

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of heart attack and stroke. Hyperlipidemia is one of the triggers of atherosclerosis through oxidative stress and formation of foam cells. Atherogenic index (the ratio of LDL/HDL) is a predictive parameter of coronary heart disease. A.flava is potential as antiaterosklerosis due to the content of berberine and flavonoids. This study was undertaken to determine the ability of methanolic extract of A.flava leaves (EMDAf) in lowering atherogenic index and the number of foam cells. Five groups experimental animals (each consisting of 4 rats) was induced with high fat and fructose diet for 45 days, followed by administration of EMDAf dose of 250 mg/kg BW, 500 mg/kg BW, 750 mg/kg BW, simvastatin 1.8 mg/kg BW (control (+)), and CMC Na 1% (control (-)) for 7 days treatments. Then the rat arcus aorta was taken for histopathological examination with Masson Trichrome staining. ANOVA test results showed that EMDAf could decrease the atherogenic index, but not significantly (p> 0.05). While the Kruskall Wallis test results showed that the increase dose of EMDAf might improve histopathology of the aorta through a reduction in the number of foam cells significantly compared to the negative control (p <0.05). Berberine contents in EMDAf is 0.046% measured by TLC-densitometry. It could be concluded that methanolic extract of A.flava leaves had the ability to decrease in the atherogenic index value and the number of foam cells.   Keywords: Arcangelisia flava leaves, foam cells, atherogenic index, aorta, histopatholog

Uji Toksisitas Subkronis Ekstrak Kayu Kuning (<i>Arcangelisia flava</i> Merr) terhadap Hepar dan Ginjal

Kayu kuning (Arcangelisia flava Merr) merupakan tanaman asli Indonesia yang banyak mengandung alkaloid berberin dan flavonoid. Tanaman ini telah terbukti memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan, antibakteri, antikanker, dan antihiperlipidemia, namun belum diketahui pengaruhnya terhadap hepar dan ginjal sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak A. flava terhadap parameter biokimia hepar, histopatologi hepar, dan histopatologi ginjal tikus. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biomedik, Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Jember pada bulan Mei–Agustus 2016. Sebanyak 40 ekor tikus jantan berusia 2–3 bulan dengan bobot 200–300 gram dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol hanya diberi sodium-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) 1%, sedangkan kelompok perlakukan diberi ekstrak A. flava dosis 250, 500, dan 750 mg/kgBB per oral selama 28 hari. Pada hari ke-28, dilakukan penentuan kadar SGOT, SGPT, serta pengamatan histopatologi hepar dan ginjal. Nilai SGPT menunjukkan tidak berbeda bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakukan (p<0,05). Hasil pengamatan histopatologi hepar menunjukkan pemberian ekstrak A. flava dosis 250, 500, dan 750 mg/kgBB per oral menyebabkan kongesti pembuluh darah hepar, namun tidak mengakibatkan nekrosis. Pengamatan histopatologi pada ginjal tidak terdapat peradangan, namun terdapat perdarahan sedikit pada glomerulus dan interstitial. Simpulan, pemberian ekstrak A. flava dosis 250, 500, 750 mg/kgBB selama 28 hari tidak mengakibatkan kerusakan hepar dan ginjal.   SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY TEST OF YELLOW ROOT EXTRACT (ARCANGELISIA FLAVA MERR) ON HEPAR AND RENAL Kayu kuning (Arcangelisia flava Merr) is one of Indonesian herbal plant which contain berberine alkaloid and flavonoids. This plant has been proven as antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, antihiperlipidemic and antidiabetes. However, the effect of A. flava extract on hepar and renal has not been studied yet. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of A. flava extracts towards chemical parameters of hepar, histopathology of hepar and renal rats. This research was conducted in The Biomedic Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy of Universitas Jember on May to August 2016. Forty Wistar male rats aged 2–3 moths, weighed 200–300 grams were divided into four groups. Control groups were only given sodium-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) 1% orally while tretment groups were given A. flava extracts at dose 250, 500, and 750 mg/kgBW orally for 28 days. On the day 28, the SGOT, SGPT were measured and histopathology of liver and renal were observed. The result of this research showed that SGPT value of control group and treatment group were not significantly different (p<0.05). Histopathogical evaluation of liver showed that oral administration of A. flava extract at dose 250, 500, and 750 mg/kgBW caused congestion of liver blood vessel, but the liver cell did not experience necrosis. Histopathogical observation on renal showed that there was no inflamation but there was a small bleeding in glomerolus and interstitial. In conclusion, the administration of A. flava extract at doze 250, 500 and 750 mg/kbBW for 28 days do not affect the liver and the renal

Pengaruh Gel Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Tikus Diabetes yang Diinduksi Aloksan (The Effect of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.)Steenis) Gel on Wound Healing Process of Diabetic Rats Induced by Alloxan)

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that can be indicated by the increase of blood glucose level. Diabetic ulcer is one of complication caused by DM. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten). Steenis) has a potential effect to heal the wound. The purpose of this study was to examined the effect of binahong gel on the wound healing process of diabetic rats induced by alloxan. The observation was done on the wound's histopathological preparation. The wound were made on diabetic rats, then the binahong gel at a dose of 100 mg and 200 mg were spread on to their wounds. The observation of qualitative descriptive parameters consisted of epithelial tissue, collagen, and new blood vessels formation. The results showed that binahong gel was able to accelerate the wound healing process of diabetic ulcer.   Keywords: Anredera cordifolia, diabetic ulcer, wound healing, alloxan, histopathological profil

Pengaruh Ekstrak Metanol Daun Kayu Kuning (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.) terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total dan Trigliserida Tikus Hiperlipidemia (The Influence of Methanol Extract of Yellow Root (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.) Leaves on Total Cholesterol

Hyperlipidemia is heterogeneous disorder that characterized by elevated levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglyceride, and decreased levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL). The aim of this study was to determine the ability of methanol extract of leaves of Arcangelisia flava to decrease total cholesterol and triglyceride in some variations of dosage. Five groups experimental animal (each consisting of 4 rats) which have been induced by high fat and fructose diet for 45 days, followed by oral treatment of extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW, 500 mg/kg BW, 750 mg/kg BW, simvastatin 0.36 mg/200 g BW (control (+)), and CMC Na 1% (control (-)) for 7 days. The blood was taken on day 8, then was measured the total cholesterol and triglyceride. The test results showed that extract could decrease total cholesterol and triglyceride in line with increasing doses. According to ANOVA, there are significant differences between treatment groups (

Penentuan Kandungan Fenolik Total dan Model Klasifikasi Serbuk Rimpang Jahe Emprit (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum Roscoe) di Dataran Sedang dan Tinggi

Jahe emprit (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum Roscoe) merupakan salah satu varietas jahe di Indonesia yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat anti inflamasi, obat nyeri sendi, tonikum, serta obat batuk. Salah satu senyawa yang mempengaruhi khasiat dari jahe emprit adalah senyawa golongan fenol. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kandungan fenolik total dan menentukan model klasifikasi menggunakan spketroskopi NIR dan kemometrik pada jahe emprit yang di tanam di dataran sedang dan dataran tinggi. Penentuan model klasifikasi menggunakan analisis multivariat LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis), SVM (Support Vector Machines), dan SIMCA (Soft Independent ModeIIing of CIass AnaIyze), dan SVM (Support Vector Machines). Selanjutnya dilakukan validasi LOOCV (Leave-one-out cross-vaIidation) dan validasi eksternal. Penentuan fenolik total menggunakan spektroskopi uv-vis dengan reagen folin. Hasil rata-rata dari kandungan fenolik total pada dataran sedang adalah (23,592 ± 6,705) mg GAE/g serbuk, dan pada dataran tinggi adalah (13,382 ± 1,2700) mg GAE/g serbuk. Model klasifikasi LDA, SVM, dan SIMCA menghasilkan %akurasi sebesar 100%. Hasil validasi LOOCV model LDA dan SIMCA adalah 100%, dan SVM sebesar 60%. Hasil validasi eksternal model LDA dan SIMCA memiliki akurasi sebesar 100%. Setelah itu aplikasi pada sampel nyata pada model LDA dan SIMCA masing-masing memiliki akurasi sebesar 100%

Radical Scavenging Activity and Acute Toxicity of Bitter Melon (Momordica Charantia L.) Seed Oil

Bitter Gourd or bitter melon (Momordica Charantia L.) is a common type of vegetable and safe for daily consumption. The seeds are part of bitter gourd that useless. Research on bitter melon seed oil has promising commercial applications. This study aims to determine the antioxidant potential and safety of bitter melon seed oil through acute toxicity study. The content of phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity was analyzed. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method. Antioxidant activity is expressed as an IC-50 value. The results showed that the phenol content of bitter melon seed oil was 0.0118 ±0.0006%, the flavonoid content was 0.0127±0.0004%. From the antioxidant activity study, the IC-50 of vitamin C was 2.41 μg / ml, while an IC-50 of bitter melon seed oil was 11.31 ± 0.77 mg/ml. The results of this antioxidant activity study showed very weak activity. The results of the acute-toxicity study show LD-50 cannot be determined precisely because up to the highest dose of 100 ml/kg does not cause death even though it causes toxic symptoms such as diarrhea. Overall, test results indicate that bitter melon seed oil is a compound that is categorized as practically non-toxic with low antioxidant activity