Appliction of nontraditional optimization techniques for airfoil shape optimization

The method of optimization algorithms is one of the most important parameters which will strongly influence the fidelity of the solution during an aerodynamic shape optimization problem. Nowadays, various optimization methods, such as genetic algorithm (GA), simulated annealing (SA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO), are more widely employed to solve the aerodynamic shape optimization problems. In addition to the optimization method, the geometry parameterization becomes an important factor to be considered during the aerodynamic shape optimization process. The objective of this work is to introduce the knowledge of describing general airfoil geometry using twelve parameters by representing its shape as a polynomial function and coupling this approach with flow solution and optimization algorithms. An aerodynamic shape optimization problem is formulated for NACA 0012 airfoil and solved using the methods of simulated annealing and genetic algorithm for 5.0 deg angle of attack. The results show that the simulated annealing optimization scheme is more effective in finding the optimum solution among the various possible solutions. It is also found that the SA shows more exploitation characteristics as compared to the GA which is considered to be more effective explorer

miRNA regulation during cardiac development and remodeling in cardiomyopathy

miRNAs have been found to play a major role in cardiomyopathy, a heart muscle disorder characterized by cardiac dysfunction. Several miRNAs including those involved in heart development are found to be dysregulated in cardiomyopathy. These miRNAs act either directly or indirectly by controlling the genes involved in normal development and functioning of the heart. Indirectly it also targets modifier genes and genes involved in signaling pathways. In this review, miRNAs involved in heart development, including dysregulation of miRNA which regulate various genes, modifiers and notch signaling pathway genes leading to cardiomyopathy are discussed. A study of these miRNAs would give an insight into the mechanisms involved in the processes of heart development and disease. Apart from this, information gathered from these studies would also generate suitable therapeutic targets in the form of antagomirs which are chemically engineered oligonucleotides used for silencing miRNAs

Posterior Uterine Rupture Causing Fetal Expulsion into the Abdominal Cavity: A Rare Case of Neonatal Survival

Introduction. Uterine rupture is a potentially catastrophic complication of vaginal birth after caesarean section. We describe the sixth case of posterior uterine rupture, with intact lower segment scar, and the first neonatal survival after expulsion into the abdominal cavity with posterior rupture. Case Presentation. A multiparous woman underwent prostaglandin induction of labour for postmaturity, after one previous caesarean section. Emergency caesarean section for bradycardia revealed a complete posterior uterine rupture, with fetal and placental expulsion. Upon delivery, the baby required inflation breaths only. The patient required a subtotal hysterectomy but returned home on day 5 postnatally with her healthy baby. Discussion. Vaginal birth after caesarean section constitutes a trial of labour, and the obstetrician must be reactive to labour events. Posterior uterine rupture is extremely rare and may occur without conventional signs. Good maternal and fetal outcome is possible with a prompt, coordinated team response

An analysis of stromal expression of CD10 in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast and its correlation with histological grade

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in India. Stroma has an important role in the pathogenesis of carcinoma of breast. Stromal marker can be novel marker for assessing the prognosis of breast cancer.Methods: With the representative sections of 30 invasive ductal carcinoma of breast NOS type Hematoxylin and eosin staining was done. Immunohistochemistry was done with CD10. CD10 expression in stroma in cases and control slides were studied and statistically analyzed with histopathological grade.Results: 46% (14 out of 30) of cases showed strong positivity for stromal CD10. Only two cases of strong positivity for CD10 were noted in the adjacent normal breast parenchyma. Stromal expression of CD10 had a statistically significant association with breast carcinoma than in control slides, p value is 0.002. 77% (10 out of 13) of CD10 positive cases were high grade carcinomas. Association of CD10 expression with high grade tumour was statistically significant (p value is 0.04 which is less than 0.05). No association was found with mean age.Conclusions: As the grade of breast carcinoma increases the stromal expression of CD10 is increased. Stromal CD10 expression is directly correlated with higher tumour grade. CD10 could be used as novel prognostic marker and used to develop newer drugs.

Genetic variability in trait-specific rice germplasm groups based on coefficient of parentage, SSR markers and fertility restoration

To maximize heterosis, it is important to understand the genetic diversity of germplasm and associate useful phenotypic traits such as fertility restoration for hybrid rice breeding. The objectives of the present study were to characterize genetic diversity within a set of rice germplasm groups using coefficient of parentage (COP) values and 58 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for 124 genotypes having different attributes such as resistance/tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. These lines were also used for identifying prospective restorers and maintainers for wild abortive-cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line. The mean COP value for all the lines was 0.11, indicating that the genotypes do not share common ancestry. The SSR analysis generated a total of 268 alleles with an average of 4.62 alleles per locus. The mean polymorphism information content value was 0.53, indicating that the markers selected were highly polymorphic. Grouping based on COP analysis revealed three major clusters pertaining to the indica, tropical japonica and japonica lines. A similar grouping pattern with some variation was also observed for the SSR markers. Fertility restoration phenotype based on the test cross of the 124 genotypes with a CMS line helped identify 23 maintainers, 58 restorers and 43 genotypes as either partial maintainers or partial restorers. This study demonstrates that COP analysis along with molecular marker analysis might encourage better organization of germplasm diversity and its use in hybrid rice breeding. Potential restorers identified in the study can be used for breeding high-yielding stress-tolerant medium-duration rice hybrids, while maintainers would prove useful for developing new rice CMS lines

Ssr-based molecular profiling of selected donors of wide compatibility, elongated uppermost internode, stigma exsertion and submergence tolerance traits and parental lines of commercial rice (o. Sativa l.) Hybrids

Molecular breeding plays an important role in sustainable agriculture development. Hybrid rice technology aims to increase the yield potential of rice beyond the level of inbred high-yielding varieties (HYVs) by exploiting the phenomenon of hybrid vigour or heterosis. Improvement of hybrid rice parental line is necessary to meet the food security problem. Parental polymorphism was carried with 215 SSR markers between five recurrents and ten donors. During the foreground selection, both reported markers (S5-Indel and BF-S5) were validated for wide compatibility, 2 out of 14 (ART5 and SC3) validates for submergence tolerance, one out of two (RM5) validate for stigma exsertion, whereas 2 of 3 markers (RM5970, RM3476) validated for elongated uppermost internode traits between recurrents and donors. For background selection, maximum polymorphic markers (112) between IR58025eB i.e improved maintainer line with elongated uppermost internode and Oryza meridionalis and minimum polymorphic markers (42) between IR79156B and IR91-1591-3 were found. Marker-assisted backcrossing accelerate, the transfer of gene of interest in desirable genetic background. Genotypes IR58025B and IR58025eB emerged as genetically most similar with a value of 97%. The genotypes IR64 Sub1 and Oryza meridionalis were found most divergent showing 33% genetic similarity. Dissimilarity coefficient of the generated information obtained on genetic relatedness would be supportive in further rice breeding program

Marker-Assisted Improvement of the Elite Maintainer Line of Rice, IR 58025B for Wide Compatibility (S5n) Gene

The degree of heterosis in different hybrid rice varieties is reported to be at the highest in indica/japonica cross combination, however, there is a problem of sterility and semi-sterility in such inter sub specific hybrids. To overcome this problem, it is essential to develop parental lines having wide compatibility (S5n) gene. In this study, a functional marker S5-InDel was used for marker-assisted backcrossing (MABB) to introgress S5n gene from Dular into the genetic background of a widely grown recurrent parent IR 58025B, a maintainer line of wild-abortive (WA) cytoplasmic male sterile line, IR 58025A. Further, a closely linked marker nksbadh2 was used for the identification of plants devoid of aroma in backcross population to develop hybrids with no aroma. The stringent phenotypic selection followed by background selection of BC3F4 identified plants with 94.51–98.90% of the recurrent parent genome recovery of lines carrying S5n gene. Subsequently, at 10 promising BC3F5 lines possessing S5n gene with high yielding and long-slender grain type were validated for their maintainer behavior through test crosses with IR 58025A. Also the improved lines showed significantly improved spikelet fertility performance while crossed with japonica and javanica testers in comparison to the original recurrent parent. The improved lines developed in the present study, are being converted to CMS lines through marker-assisted backcross breeding to facilitate precise and improved hybrid breeding program in rice

DNA constructs.rar

DNA sequence files for generating expression constructs allowing recombinant purification of FGFR4, imaging of FGFR4 and STAT3 interaction and cell membrane targeting of STAT3<br><br