Kajian Heritabilitas dan Heterosis pada Persilangan antara Kacang Tunggak dengan Kacang Panjang

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengkaji tingkat keberhasilan persilangan, pendugaan gejala heterosis dan daya waris sifat pada persilangan antarspesies beberapa varietas kacang tunggak lokal NTB dengan beberapa varietas kacang panjang. Penelitian terdiri atas tiga tahap kegiatan, yaitu (1) persilangan kacang tunggak dan kacang panjang; (2) evaluasi hasil persilangan antara kacang tunggak dan kacang panjang; (3) silang Balik antara hasil persilangan yang unggul dengan kedua tetuanya. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis untuk menduga tingkat keberhasilan persilangan, pendugaan nilai heritabilitas arti luas, dan pendugaan koefisien keragaman genetik. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) persilangan antarspesies kacang tunggak varietas lokal NTB dengan kacang panjang memiliki tingkat keberhasilan persilangan yang berbeda berkisar antara 31-57%. Demikian juga untuk silang Balik tingkat keberhasilan persilangannya berkisar antara 35-61%; (2) sifat panjang polong dan tinggi tanaman menunjukkan nilai duga heritabilitas arti luas yang tinggi; (3) terdapat vigor hibrida untuk diameter polong pada semua pasangan persilangan dengan nilai heterosis berkisar antara 11,4-27,0% dan nilai heterobeltiosis 10,1-18,9%

The Nutrient Uptake Efficiency, Crop Productivity and Quality of Rice Bean in Dry Land

Rice bean is a group of beans that are rich in carbohydrates, proteins and fats. This plant is resistant to pests and diseases, as well as the broad adaptability.  This study aims to obtain an efficient fertilization pattern on rice bean cultivation in dry land. The treatments consisted of 9 fertilization patterns which were RP0: no fertilizer (control); RP1: 100%  recommendation fertilizer (50 kg Urea and 100 kg SP-36 ha-1); RP2: 5 Mg ha-1 manure plus 50% recommendation fertilizer; RP3: RP2 plus MVA; RP4: 5 Mg ha-1 Crotalaria sp compost plus 50% recommendation fertilizer; RP5: RP4 plus VAM; RP6: 2.5 t ha-1 manure, 2.5 Mg ha-1 Crotalaria sp compost plus 50% recommendation fertilizer; RP7: 1.5 Mg ha-1 manure, 1 Mg ha-1 Crotalaria sp compost plus 50% recommendation fertilizer; RP8: RP7 plus MVA. Fertilization treatments were arranged in RCBD and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The fertilization treatments had no significant effect on NUE. Productivity of  rice bean in RP3 and   RP5 reached 3.75 Mg ha-1, in RP2 and RP4 achieved 2.64 Mg ha-1, and in   the control treatment reached 1.94 Mg ha-1. Carbohydrate content  in seeds increased by 20% in the fertilization treatments compared to the control. Protein and anthocyanin content in all treatments were not significantly different. The combination of 5 Mg organic fertilizer (manure and / or Crotalaria compost), 50% recommendation  fertilizer plus MVA was an efficient fertilization pattern to improve P fertilizer uptake efficiency (PUE), productivity and quality of rice bean crop in dry land.  [How to Cite: Lolita ES, UM Yakop, L Ujianto, and B Hari Kusumo. 2015. The Nutrient Uptake Efficiency, Crop Productivity and Quality of Rice Bean in Dry Land. J Trop Soils 19: 1-9. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.20.1.1][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2015.20.1.1

Kajian Sifat Kuantitatif Galur F2 Tanaman Jagung di Lahan Kering: Study of the Quantitative Characteristics of the F2 Line of Corn Plants on dry land

This study was aimed to determine the average of leaf angle, yield and harvest age of each F2 line compared to the two parents respectively. In addition, we also want to evaluate the coefficient of genetic diversity and heritability of the three traits. The experiment was designed in a randomized block design with a total treatment of 20 populations, namely 16 F2 lines and 4 parents. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, so that 60 experimental units were obtained. The experimental data were analyzed by analysis of variance at the 5 percent significance level and further tests using the Least Significant Difference at the same significance level. The results showed that the F2 P8IS x T1NK7328 (R16), F2 P8IS x T1NK7328 (R18) lines, and the F2 P8IS x NK212 (R4) lines, had leaf angles same as each parent of the first hybrid/hybrid offspring (T1NK7328 and NK212) and smaller than the Sinta Unram. The harvest time of the three F2 lines was classified as super early. Yield (weight of dry seeds per plot) of F2 P8IS x T1NK7328 (R16), F2 P8IS x T1NK7328 (R18) lines, were the same as both parents and F2 P8IS x NK212 (R4) lines, higher than Sinta Unram; but the same as the hybrid parent (NK212). Coefficient of genetic diversity of yield is high; medium for harvest time and low for leaf angle. Heritability in broad sense is classified as high, obtained at harvest time and yield; while the heritability of leaf angle is low. The three F2 lines can be used as basic population material for subsequent breeding activities. Key words: hybridization; Sinta Unram; yield; leaf angl

INVENTARISASI DAN KARAKTERISASI PLASMA NUTFAH PERTANAMAN UBI JALAR (Ipomoea batatas L.) DI PULAU LOMBOK

Lombok Island as an area that still has a high level of food insecurity is deemed necessary to develop tuber crops such as sweet potatoes, this is to support the diversity of existing food sources. This study aims to determine: 1) sweet potato germplasm cultivated on Lombok Island; and 2) the characteristics of sweet potato germplasm on Lombok Island. This research uses a descriptive method. Inventarization is carried out by the exploration method, and using cluster analysis which is then displayed in the form of a phenogram. The results showed: 1) obtained 17 accessions of sweet potato plants spread in 4 districts of Lombok Island; 2) the accessions found consisted of accessions of Sweet Potato KLU, Honey KLU, Purple 04 KLU, Orange Lobar, White Lobar, Purple 01 Lobar, Purple 02 Lobar, Purple 03 Lobar, Ornamental Attic, Attic Yellow, Attic White, Purple 01 Attic, Purple 02 Attic, Honey Lotim, Sokan Lotim, Purple 05 Lotim, and Purple 06 Lotim; 3) the cause of the differences in the characteristics of all observed accessions is genetic factors that are supported by different growing environmental conditions. In the accession of Sweet Potato Beduk KLU and Sokan Lotim are local varieties of sweet potato from Lombok Island, so it needs to be developed to maintain local superior sweet potato varieties from Lombok Island

Pengaruh Jenis dan Lama Perendaman Bibit dengan Menggunakan Air Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut Eucheuma cottonii

Eucheuma cottonii merupakan alga yang banyak mengandung hidrokoloid yakni karaginan yang berguna dalam berbagai industri. Untuk mendapatkan rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii berkualitas baik maka upaya yang dilakukan adalah dengan memanfaatkan bahan alami berupa air kelapa karena mengandung hormon pertumbuhan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis air kelapa dan lama perendaman serta interaksinya terhadap laju pertumbuhan rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor (faktorial). Faktor pertama adalah perendaman dengan jenis air kelapa yakni air kelapa muda dan air kelapa tua; faktor kedua adalah lama perendaman yakni 0, 5, 10, 15 dan 20 menit. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Juli 2012 di Balai Budidaya Laut (BBL) Lombok stasiun Gerupuk, Dusun Gerupuk, Desa Sengkol, Kecamatan Pujut, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat dan di Laboratorium Perikanan, Program Studi Budidaya Perairan, Universitas Mataram. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis keragaman pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis air kelapa dan lama perendaman serta interaksinya tidak berpengaruh terhadap laju pertumbuhan rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii. Rata-rata parameter pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan air kelapa tua dengan lama perendaman 20 menit cenderung memberikan laju pertumbuhan rumput laut Echeuma cottonii yang lebih tinggi

Uji Potensi Hasil Beberapa Mutan Padi Beras Hitam Generasi Ketiga (M3) Hasil Induksi Mutasi: Yield Potential Evaluation of Several Third-Generation (M3) Black Rice Mutants Resulting from Mutation Induction

This study aims to determine the yield potential of several third-generation (M3) black rice mutant strains resulting from mutation induction. The experiment was conducted in a paddy field located in Saribaye Village, Lingsar District, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, from March to November 2022. The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with nine rice genotypes as treatments, repeated three times. These consisted of seven mutant strains of black rice and two controls, namely the Baas Selem and Inpago Unram varieties. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance at a significance level of 5%. In case of significant differences among treatments, further analysis was conducted using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a significance level of 5%. Based on the research findings, two genotypes of third-generation black rice mutants (M3) resulting from mutation induction were identified. These genotypes, namely D3G46(13) with a yield potential of 5.64 tons/ha and D3G62(19) with a yield potential of 5.84 tons/ha, exhibited higher yield potential compared to their parental strains. However, both of these genotypes have not yet achieved or surpassed the yield potential of the control treatment, which is the Inpago Unram with a yield potential of 8.17 tons/ha

Hasil dan Komponen Hasil Galur-Galur Kedelai di Dua Lokasi

ABSTRACTGenotype x environment interaction always presents in soybean multilocation trials in Indonesia. The objective of the research was to determine the performance of yield and yield components of soybean promising lines in two locations. A total of 11 promising lines, and three check varieties (Tanggamus, Wilis, and Anjasmoro) were evaluated in NTB and DIY in dry season 2013. The design was randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that yield and yield components were influenced by locations, genotypes and genotypes x locations interaction, except for days to maturity which was not influenced by the location. Number of filled pods had a significant positive correlation with grain yield of soybean. TGM/Anj-773 line had high average yield at two locations and higher than the check variety (Tanggamus).Keywords: correlation, genotype x environment, Glycine ma

Estimation of Heritability of Several Genotype of Soil (Arachis Hypogaea L.) and Tolerance Test of Shade and Drought Stress

This study aims to determine the heritability estimation of several peanut genotypes and to test tolerance to shade and drought stress. The research was carried out in 3 stages, the first stage from May to July 2019 in Sigerongan village, Lingsar District, West Lombok Regency, the second phase from August to October 2019 in Sigerongan village, Lingsar District, West Lombok Regency, and the third stage from July to September 2020 in Nyiurlembang village, Narmada District, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. The experimental design used in estimating heritability was a randomized block design (RAK) consisting of 20 peanut genotypes, namely G2T5, G3D6, G2D2, G5-UII, G300-II, G2T3, G11-UI, G3T4, G200-I, and G12. -UI, G2T1, G2D7, G3T10, G3D8, G7-UII, G7-UIII, G3T7, G16-UI, G7-UI and G2D3. Tolerance test of peanut genotypes to shade and drought stress used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with a Split Plot Design. The results showed that the genetic diversity value of peanut genotypes against the tested parameters showed that all peanut genotypes were ineffective for further tests on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves and number of branches, while the parameters of the number of filled pods and dry weight of pods all genotypes showed moderate criteria which means that it is effective for further selection. Shade treatment was more influential than treatment without shade. The parameters of pod dry weight and number of filled pods showed a significant difference between the two. Genotypes sensitive to shade stress are G2T5, G3D6, G2T3, G200-I, G2T1, G2D7, G3D8, G7-UII, TAKAR, G3T7, mildly tolerant genotypes, namely G2D2, G5-UII, G300-II, G11-UI, G3T4, G12-UI, G3T10, G7-UI, and G2D3 and the shade tolerant is G16-UI. Plant genotypes that were sensitive (P) to drought stress were G2T5, G3D6, G2D2, G5-UII, G2T3, G11-UI, and G3T4. And the genotypes that are somewhat tolerant are G200-I and G12-UI. Meanwhile, the drought tolerant genotype was G300-II

PERBAIKAN DAYA HASIL DAN KETAHANAN KACANG HIJAU TERHADAP HAMA KUMBANG BUBUK MELALUI PERSILANGAN ANTAR SPESIES

ABSTRAK: Persilangan antar spesies kacang hijau dan kacang uci telah berhasil dilakukan. Kacang uci memiliki keunggulan yaitu tahan terhadap hama kumbang bubuk dan jumlah polongnya banyak. Dengan persilangan antar spesies ini dapat memperbaiki daya hasil dan ketahanan kacang hijau terhadap hama kumbang bubuk. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 4 tahap kegiatan yaitu: 1) persilangan antar spesies kacang hijau dengan kacang uci, 2). evaluasi dan seleksi beberapa populasi keturunan persilangan (F1) berdasarkan daya hasil dan ketahanan terhadap hama kumbang bubuk. Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap komponen hasil dan hasil, dan ketahanan terhadap kumbang bubuk menggunakan metode Chiang dan Talekar. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa : 1). Terjadi perbaikan daya hasil dan ketahanan terhadap hama kumbang bubuk pada populasi hasil persilangan antara kacang hijau dan kacang uci. 2). Tingkat daya silang antara varietas yang satu dengan yang lainnya berbeda. Varietas Manyar dan Sampeong memiliki daya silang terhadap kacang uci dibandingkan dengan varietas Vima dan Merak, 3). Karakteristik populasi keturunan hasil persilangan berada diantara kedua tetuanya