An experimental validation of Lorentz force eddy current testing

The adoption of metallic materials in industry and building construction is of enormous importance. To make sure, that a component is without defects and will withstand the applied loads, usually a 100% check-up is performed. Therefore, several nondestructive material testing techniques are available. Their applicability is often limited. The novel nondestructive material testing technique named “Lorentz force eddy current testing” is a contactless electromagnetic testing technique. It is capable of detecting deeply hidden defects in electrically conducting materials at high testing speeds due to the use of a direct magnetic field. Using a conceptually simple prototype model some limits of the measurement technique are presented and the basic physical principle is explained. In order to prove the functionality of the testing technique experimental data for specimens with artificial defects are presented. The measurement signal is analyzed and conclusions are used for improvement.Der Einsatz von metallischen Werkstoffen ist in Industrie und Baugewerbe von großer Bedeutung. Um sicherzustellen, dass ein Bauteil fehlerfrei ist und den geforderten Belastungen standhalten wird, ist meist eine 100%ige Überprüfung notwendig. Dazu steht eine große Auswahl an zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfverfahren zur Verfügung, deren Anwendbarkeit oft begrenzt ist. Das neuartige zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren mit dem Namen "Lorentzkraft-Wirbelstromprüfung" ist ein kontaktloses elektromagnetisches Prüfverfahren. Es ermöglicht die Detektion von tiefen verborgenen Fehlern in elektrisch leitfähigen Materialien bei hohen Prüfgeschwindigkeiten aufgrund der Nutzung eines magnetischen Gleichfelds. Die Einführung eines einfachen Prototypmodels soll helfen, Grenzen aufzuzeigen und gleichzeitig die grundlegenden Gesetzmäßigkeiten zu erläutern. Als Funktionsnachweis werden Messdaten für künstliche Defekte vorgestellt. Die Analyse des Messsignals wird zur Verbesserung des Aufbaus genutzt.Druckfassung im Buchhandel erhältlich: An experimental validation of Lorentz force eddy current testing / Robert P. Uhlig Ilmenau : Univ.-Verl. Ilmenau, 2014. - xv, 167 S. ISBN 978-3-86360-087-7 Preis (Druckausgabe): 16,40

Exploiting Locality of Churn for FIB Aggregation

Snapshots of the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) in Internet routers can be compressed (or aggregated) to at least half of their original size, as shown by previous studies. In practice however, the permanent stream of updates to the FIB due to routing updates complicates FIB aggregation: keeping an optimally aggregated FIB in face of these routing updates is algorithmically challenging. A sensible trade-off has to be found between the aggregation gain and the number of changes to the aggregated FIB. This paper is the first to investigate whether the spatial and temporal locality properties of updates to the tree-like FIB data structure can be leveraged by online FIB aggregation. Our contributions include (a) an empirical study of the locality of updates in public Internet routing data, (b) the specification and simulations of our Locality-aware FIB Aggregation algorithm (LFA), and (c) a competitive analysis that sheds light on the performance of online algorithms under worst-case update streams. Our results show that even a simple algorithm like LFA can effectively exploit the locality of FIB churn to keep low the number of updates to the aggregated FIB, as most FIB updates affect only a small number of regions in the FIB

Methodology of a reevaluation of cardiovascular outcomes in the RECORD trial: study design and conduct

Background In 2010, after regulatory review of rosiglitazone licensing, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requested a reevaluation of cardiovascular end points in the RECORD trial.<p></p> Methods Automated screening of the original clinical trial database and manual case report form review were performed to identify all potential cardiovascular and noncardiovascular deaths, and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke events. Search techniques were used to find participants lost to follow-up, and sites were queried for additional source documents. Suspected events underwent blinded adjudication using both original RECORD end point definitions and new FDA end point definitions, before analysis by the Duke Clinical Research Institute.<p></p> Results The reevaluation effort included an additional 328 person-years of follow-up. Automated screening identified 396 suspected deaths, 2,052 suspected MIs, and 468 suspected strokes. Manual review of documents by Duke Clinical Research Institute clinical events classification (CEC) coordinators identified an additional 31 suspected deaths, 49 suspected MIs, and 28 suspected strokes. There were 127 CEC queries issued requesting additional information on suspected deaths; 43 were closed with no site response, 61 were closed with a response that no additional data were available, and additional data were received for 23. Seventy CEC queries were issued requesting additional information for suspected MI and stroke events; 31 were closed with no site response, 20 were closed with a response that no additional data were available, and 19 resulted in additional data.<p></p> Conclusions Comprehensive procedures were used for rigorous event reascertainment and readjudication in a previously completed open-label, global clinical trial. These procedures used in this unique situation were consistent with other common approaches in the field, were enhanced to address the FDA concerns about the original RECORD trial results, and could be considered by clinical trialists designing event readjudication protocols for drug development programs that have been completed.<p></p&gt

Results of a reevaluation of cardiovascular outcomes in the RECORD trial

Background The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required a reevaluation of cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in the RECORD trial. This provided an opportunity to assess the implications of event adjudication by 2 groups and quantify the differences as well as to use new FDA end point definitions in development.<p></p> Methods Original data were used to systematically identify all potential deaths, myocardial infarctions (MIs), and strokes. Site investigators were approached for additional source documents and information about participants lost to follow-up. Suspected events were adjudicated using standard procedures, and the results were compared with the original trial outcomes.<p></p> Results Follow-up for mortality was 25,833 person-years, including an additional 328 person-years identified during the reevaluation effort. A total of 184 CV or unknown-cause deaths (88 rosiglitazone, 96 metformin/sulfonylurea), 128 participants with an MI (68 rosiglitazone, 60 metformin/sulfonylurea), and 113 participants with a stroke (50 rosiglitazone, 63 metformin/sulfonylurea) were included. The hazard ratio (HR) for rosiglitazone versus metformin/sulfonylurea for the end point of CV (or unknown cause) death, MI, or stroke was 0.95 (95% CI 0.78-1.17) compared with 0.93 (95% CI 0.74-1.15) for the original RECORD results. Treatment comparisons for MI (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.80-1.59) and mortality (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.68-1.08) were also the same compared with the original RECORD results. Sensitivity analyses were also consistent with the original RECORD results. Analyses using the FDA definitions showed similar results.<p></p> Conclusions Only a modest number of additional person-years of follow-up were ascertained from this reevaluation of CV end points in RECORD. Observed HRs and CIs from these analyses using the original RECORD or new FDA end point definitions showed similar treatment effects of rosiglitazone compared with the original RECORD results.<p></p&gt

Lysergol monohydrate

In the title compound [systematic name: (7-methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9-hexa­hydro­indolo[4,3,2-fg]quinoline-9-yl)methanol monohydrate], C16H18N2O·H2O, the non-aromatic ring (ring C of the ergoline skeleton) directly fused to the aromatic rings is nearly planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.659 (3) Å, and shows an envelope conformation. In the crystal, hydrogen bonds between the lysergol and water mol­ecules contribute to the formation of layers parallel to (10)

Ergebniskopplung KliWES - STOFFBILANZ in Sachsen: Analyse von Einflüssen des Klimawandels auf die Nährstoffeinträge in sächsische Gewässer auf Basis einer Ergebniskopplung der Projekte KliWES und STOFFBILANZ

Zur Abschätzung der Wirkungen von Klimaveränderungen auf den Nährstoffhaushalt in Gewässern wurden die Ergebnisse aus den Modellansätzen der Projekte »KliWES« und »Nährstoffatlas Sachsen« gekoppelt. Szenarienrechnungen bis 2100 zeigen, dass Nährstoffkonzentrationen in Gewässern infolge abnehmender Sickerwasser- und Durchflussmengen ohne Bewirtschaftungsanpassung tendenziell zunehmen würden. Die Veröffentlichung richtet sich an Verwaltungen, Planungsbüros, Verbände und Forschungseinrichtungen im Aufgabenbereich von Landwirtschaft und Gewässerschutz im Klimawandel

Inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase cooperate with molnupiravir and N4-hydroxycytidine to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication

The nucleoside analog N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC) is the active metabolite of the prodrug molnupiravir, which has been approved for the treatment of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 incorporates NHC into its RNA, resulting in defective virus genomes. Likewise, inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) reduce virus yield upon infection, by suppressing the cellular synthesis of pyrimidines. Here, we show that NHC and DHODH inhibitors strongly synergize in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. We propose that the lack of available pyrimidine nucleotides upon DHODH inhibition increases the incorporation of NHC into nascent viral RNA. This concept is supported by the rescue of virus replication upon addition of pyrimidine nucleosides to the media. DHODH inhibitors increased the antiviral efficiency of molnupiravir not only in organoids of human lung, but also in Syrian Gold hamsters and in K18-hACE2 mice. Combining molnupiravir with DHODH inhibitors may thus improve available therapy options for COVID-19