Two Degree-Of-Freedom Camera Support System

A surveillance camera is used to observer and record the surroundings. There are many types of existing surveillance camera and each of them has their own specifications made to suit their respective purposes. For example, there are fixed, 1-degree-of- freedom (DOF) and2-DOF cameras. As for a moving camera, it is essential for it to be able to move freely so that it can capture the target object in awider range. The camera also should be able to be controlled wirelessly to give a better practicality to the user. Based on the specifications, this project is constructed to overcome these problems. A 2-DOF camera support system is to be created which can be controlled wirelessly via Bluetooth. The support will e made with two motors that can pan and tilt the camera. The user will need to download an application which has o screen control into their gadgets and this can be connected to the Arduino which controls the motors. The Arduino will process the command from the user and will move the right motor to execute the command. This project will help the user to control the surveillance camera from a distance wirelessly and have at least a 360B0; pan view and 90B0; tilt view

Development of Voice Recognition for Student Attendance

Development of voice recognition for student attendance system is beneficial in many ways It helps the lecturer in administrative the attendance of their student with efficiency This is because students always cheat with their attendancy by signing on behalf of their friend who did not attend class With this project voice biometric is used as a medium for student to mark their attendance Cheating among students will be prevented because like fingerprints each voice is different The objectives of this project are to study and understand the properties understand the properties of speaker recognition and to analyze the effectiveness of using Euclidean distance feature for speaker recognition Databases of 26 volunteers were collected consisting of only male The report result is tabulated Three types of analysis were done first same train is used as test data reported 100 correct The remaining two analyses used different test data recording Volunteers use the same sentence as test data reported 76 92 correct Lastly volunteers used their name and the correct percentage is 46 1

Development of Voice Recognition for Student Attendance

Development of voice recognition for student attendance system is beneficial in many ways It helps the lecturer in administrative the attendance of their student with efficiency This is because students always cheat with their attendancy by signing on behalf of their friend who did not attend class With this project voice biometric is used as a medium for student to mark their attendance Cheating among students will be prevented because like fingerprints each voice is different The objectives of this project are to study and understand the properties understand the properties of speaker recognition and to analyze the effectiveness of using Euclidean distance feature for speaker recognition Databases of 26 volunteers were collected consisting of only male The report result is tabulated Three types of analysis were done first same train is used as test data reported 100 correct The remaining two analyses used different test data recording Volunteers use the same sentence as test data reported 76 92 correct Lastly volunteers used their name and the correct percentage is 46 1

Average Load Distance (ALD) radio communication model for wireless sensor networks

The lifetime of network is one of the most critical issues that have to be considered in the application of wireless sensor networks. The network nodes are battery powered and remain operational as long as they can transmit the sensed data to the processing (sink) node. The main energy consumption of sensor node can be attributed to the task of data transmission to sink node or cluster head. Hence, conserving energy in transmitting data shall maximize functional life of the wireless networks. In this paper we proposed a computationally efficient Average Load Distance (ALD) communication model for forwarding data from sensor to the cluster head. Experiment results indicate that the proposed model can be up to 88% more efficient over direct mode of communication, in respect of per-round maximum energy consumption. An application study shows that ALD can save up to 89% of wireless sensor networks operational cost when compared to direct mode transmission

SUCCINYLATED POLYETHYLENIMINE GENE DELIVERY AGENTS FOR ENHANCED TRANSFECTION EFFICACY

Gene therapy aims to treat patients by altering or controlling gene expression. Today, most clinical approaches are viral-based due to their inherent gene delivery activity. However, there is still a significant interest in nonviral alternatives for gene delivery, particularly synthetic lipids and polymers, that do not suffer the immunogenicity, high cost, or mutagenesis concerns of viral vectors. Polymeric vectors are of particular interest due to the ability to further tune the polymer properties through the incorporation of additional functional units such as targeting ligands or shielding domains. Polyethylenimine (PEI), a highly cationic polymer, is often considered a benchmark for polymer-based gene delivery and thus serves as an excellent model for investigating gene delivery mechanisms. One reason PEI, especially branched PEI, is thought to outperform many other cationic polymers is due to the presence of secondary and tertiary amines. These amines are thought to help facilitate escape from endocytic vesicles via a \u27proton-sponge\u27 mechanism. Despite its successful use for in vitro gene delivery, PEI was initially developed for use in common processes such as water purification. As such, the properties of PEI should not be expected to be optimal for gene delivery. In this dissertation, my research efforts focused on the incorporation of negatively charged succinyl groups to the PEI backbone to create succinylated zwitterion-like PEI (zPEIs). Specifically, we focused on the synthesis and characterization of zPEIs as well as the impact of zPEI on DNA condensation and gene expression. This dissertation will discuss the results of three projects. In project (1), we studied the suitability of minimally modified zPEIs for gene expression. In this work, we reveal that modification of PEI as low as 2% amines was sufficient to provide significant improvements in gene delivery particularly in the presence of serum proteins. In project (2), we investigate the self-assembly of DNA induced by modified and unmodified branched PEIs using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Modified PEIs included both succinylated zPEI and acetylated PEIs (acPEI) both modified from 0-40%. We demonstrate that changing the degree of modification significantly alters the packing density of the resulting polyplexes. While acPEI shows a continuous decrease in DNA packaging efficiency with increasing degree of modification, zPEI shows a crossover behavior where DNA-DNA interhelical spacings increase at low succinylation but decrease at higher degrees of succinylation. Studies on the pH dependence on the inter-DNA spacing also show that lowering the pH leads to tighter DNA packaging for all PEIs studied. These findings shed light on the complex correlation between DNA packaging density and gene expression ability of PEI and modified PEI mediated gene delivery systems. In project (3), we studied the efficacy of zPEI polyplexes at varying protein concentrations ranging from 0-10 mg/mL of bovine serum albumin (BSA). These high protein concentrations are comparable to in vivo protein concentrations. We show that while PEI/DNA transgene expression decreases with higher protein concentrations, the zPEI studied stayed approximately constant over the protein range studied. To test if these conditions may lead to the formation of a protein corona on the nanoparticles, which was recently shown to enhance serum-free transfection in unmodified bPEI/DNA, we also measured the transgene expression of polyplexes pre-treated to form a protein corona on the polyplexes

Reliability study of Zr and Al incorporated hf based high-k dielectric deposited by advanced processing

Hafnium-based high-x dielectric materials have been successfully used in the industry as a key replacement for SiO2 based gate dielectrics in order to continue CMOS device scaling to the 22-nm technology node. Further scaling according to the device roadmap requires the development of oxides with higher x values in order to scale the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) to 0.7 nm or below while achieving low defect densities. In addition, next generation devices need to meet challenges like improved channel mobility, reduced gate leakage current, good control on threshold voltage, lower interface state density, and good reliability. In order to overcome these challenges, improvements of the high-x film properties and deposition methods are highly desirable. In this dissertation, a detail study of Zr and Al incorporated HfO2 based high-κ dielectrics is conducted to investigate improvement in electrical characteristics and reliability. To meet scaling requirements of the gate dielectric to sub 0.7 nm, Zr is added to HfO2 to form Hf1-xZrxO2 with x=0, 0.31 and 0.8 where the dielectric film is deposited by using various intermediate processing conditions, like (i) DADA: intermediate thermal annealing in a cyclical deposition process; (ii) DSDS: similar cyclical process with exposure to SPA Ar plasma; and (iii) As-Dep: the dielectric deposited without any intermediate step. MOSCAPs are formed with TiN metal gate and the reliability of these devices is investigated by subjecting them to a constant voltage stress in the gate injection mode. Stress induced flat-band voltage shift (ΔVFB), stress induced leakage current (SILC) and stress induced interface state degradation are observed. DSDS samples demonstrate the superior characteristics whereas the worst degradation is observed for DADA samples. Time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) shows that DSDS Hf1-xZrxO2 (x=0.8) has the superior characteristics with reduced oxygen vacancy, which is affiliated to electron affinity variation in HfO2 and ZrO2. The trap activation energy levels estimated from the temperature dependent current voltage characteristics also support the observed reliability characteristics for these devices. In another experiment, HfO2 is lightly doped with Al with a variation in Al concentration by depositing intermediate HfAlOx layers. This work has demonstrated a high quality HfO2 based gate stack by depositing atomic layer deposited (ALD) HfAlOx along with HfO2 in a layered structure. In order to get multifold enhancement of the gate stack quality, both Al percentage and the distribution of Al are observed by varying the HfAlOx layer thickness and it is found that \u3c 2% Al/(Al+Hf)% incorporation can result in up to 18% reduction in the average EOT along with up to 41 % reduction in the gate leakage current as compared to the dielectric with no Al content. On the other hand, excess Al presence in the interfacial layer moderately increases the interface state density (Dit). When devices are stressed in the gate injection mode at a constant voltage stress, dielectrics with Al/(Hf+Al)% \u3c 2% show resistance to stress induced flat-band voltage shift (ΔVFB), and stress induced leakage current (SILC). The time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) characteristics show a higher charge to breakdown and an increase in the extracted Weibull slope (β) that further confirms an enhanced dielectric reliability for devices with \u3c 2% Al/(Al+Hf)%

A revised model for radiation dosimetry in the human gastrointestinal tract

A new model for an adult human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has been developed for use in internal dose estimations to the wall of the GIT and to the other organs and tissues of the body from radionuclides deposited in the lumenal contents of the five sections of the GIT. These sections were the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, upper large intestine, and the lower large intestine. The wall of each section was separated from its lumenal contents. Each wall was divided into many small regions so that the histologic and radiosensitive variations of the tissues across the wall could be distinguished. The characteristic parameters were determined based on the newest information available in the literature. Each of these sections except the stomach was subdivided into multiple subsections to include the spatiotemporal variations in the shape and characteristic parameters. This new GIT was integrated into an anthropomorphic phantom representing both an adult male and a larger-than-average adult female. The current phantom contains 14 different types of tissue. This phantom was coupled with the MCNP 4C Monte Carlo simulation package. The initial design and coding of the phantom and the Monte Carlo treatment employed in this study were validated using the results obtained by Cristy and Eckerman (1987). The code was used for calculating specific absorbed fractions (SAFs) in various organs and radiosensitive tissues from uniformly distributed sources of fifteen monoenergetic photons and electrons, 10 keV - 4 MeV, in the lumenal contents of the five sections of the GIT. The present studies showed that the average photon SAFs to the walls were significantly different from that to the radiosensitive cells (stem cells) for the energies below 50 keV. Above 50 keV, the photon SAFs were found to be almost constant across the walls. The electron SAF at the depth of the stem cells was a small fraction of the SAF routinely estimated at the contents-mucus interface. Electron studies showed that the “self-dose” for the energies below 300 keV and the “cross-dose” below 2 MeV were only from bremsstrahlung and fluorescent radiations at the depth of the stem cells and were not important

Effect of Mass Transfer on MHD Mixed Convective Flow along Inclined Porous Plate with Thermodiffusion

The effect of mass transfer on MHD mixed convective flow along inclined porous plate with thermodiffusion have been analyzed on the basis of boundary layer approximations. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible and dense, and a uniform magnetic field is applied normal to the direction of the flow. A Similarity transformation is used to transform the problem under consideration into coupled nonlinear boundary layer equations which are then solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta sixth-order integration scheme together with Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration technique. The behavior of velocity, temperature, concentration, local skin-friction, local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number for different values of parameters have been computed and the results are presented graphically, and analyzed thereafter. The validity of the numerical methodology and the results are questioned by comparing the findings obtained for some specific cases with those available in the literature, and a comparatively good agreement is reached

Effect of Mass Transfer on MHD Mixed Convective Flow along Inclined Porous Plate with Thermodiffusion

The effect of mass transfer on MHD mixed convective flow along inclined porous plate with thermodiffusion have been analyzed on the basis of boundary layer approximations. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible and dense, and a uniform magnetic field is applied normal to the direction of the flow. A Similarity transformation is used to transform the problem under consideration into coupled nonlinear boundary layer equations which are then solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta sixth-order integration scheme together with Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration technique. The behavior of velocity, temperature, concentration, local skin-friction, local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number for different values of parameters have been computed and the results are presented graphically, and analyzed thereafter. The validity of the numerical methodology and the results are questioned by comparing the findings obtained for some specific cases with those available in the literature, and a comparatively good agreement is reached