Evaluation of learning management systems using interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy-z numbers

The use of online education tools has increased rapidly with the transition to distance education caused by the pandemic. The obligation to carry out all activities of face-to-face education online made it very important for the tools used in distance education to meet the increasing needs. In line with these needs, radical changes have occurred in the learning management systems used in distance education. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to determine the features that the systems used in distance education should have and to compare the existing systems according to these features. For this purpose, a novel fuzzy extension, interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy Z-numbers, is defined for modeling uncertainty, and AHP and WASPAS methods using proposed fuzzy numbers are developed to determine the importance of decision criteria and compare alternatives.WOS:0010834495000112-s2.0-85173691458Emerging Sources Citation IndexArticleUluslararası işbirliği ile yapılmayan - HAYIRKasım2023YÖK - 2022-23Eki

Prioritization of public services for digitalization using fuzzy Z-AHP and fuzzy Z-WASPAS

In this paper, public services are analyzed for implementations of Industry 4.0 tools to satisfy citizen expectations. To be able to prioritize public services for digitalization, fuzzy Z-AHP and fuzzy Z-WASPAS are used in the analysis. The decision criteria are determined as reduced cost, fast response, ease of accessibility, reduced service times, increase in the available information and increased quality. After obtaining criteria weights using fuzzy Z-AHP, health care services, waste disposal department, public transportation, information services, social care services, and citizen complaints resolution centers are compared using fuzzy Z-WASPAS that is proposed for the first time in this paper. Results show that health care services have dominant importance for the digitalization among public services.WOS:000604482500002Science Citation Index ExpandedQ2Article; Early AccessUluslararası işbirliği ile yapılmayan - HAYIROcak2021YÖK - 2020-2

Development of an integrated discounting strategy based on vendors’ expectations using FAHP and fuzzy goal programming

The main goal of a company is to increase its market share and total profits at the same time. However, these two objectives conflict if discount rates are applied to vendors. The objective of this paper is to develop an integrated discounting strategy method to effectively manage the trans­actions of the vendors by determining the optimum discount rates which balance the increase on the market share and the total profit. With the proposed methodology which utilizes fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy goal programming, determination of the discount rates of each vendor under different discounting strategies is facilitated. This enables the vendors to choose the most suitable discounting strategy with the best applicable discount rate and enables the managers to predict the transactions of the vendors. The proposed method is validated with a numerical study conducted on a pilot region of an international company. First published online: 07 Mar 201

Income Inequality and FDI in Turkey: FM-OLS (Phillips-Hansen) Estimation and ARDL Approach to Cointegration

This paper examines the long-run impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on and the other determinants of income inequality in Turkey. Using a linear income inequality model, we apply the (ARDL) approach to cointegration which is more appropriate for estimation in small sample studies. The long-run results are also estimated by using the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method. These methodologies, while proven to produce reliable estimates in small sample sizes, provide a check for the robustness of results. The data span for the study is from 1990 to 2006. The empirical results indicate the existence of a cointegration relationship among the variables. The results also point to a positive impact of FDI on income inequality which is consistent with other past studies. The positive impact of FDI growth rate on income inequality is shown to be significant in the short-run but not in the long-run

Income Inequality and FDI in Turkey: FM-OLS (Phillips-Hansen) Estimation and ARDL Approach to Cointegration

This paper examines the long-run impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on and the other determinants of income inequality in Turkey. Using a linear income inequality model, we apply the (ARDL) approach to cointegration which is more appropriate for estimation in small sample studies. The long-run results are also estimated by using the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method. These methodologies, while proven to produce reliable estimates in small sample sizes, provide a check for the robustness of results. The data span for the study is from 1990 to 2006. The empirical results indicate the existence of a cointegration relationship among the variables. The results also point to a positive impact of FDI on income inequality which is consistent with other past studies. The positive impact of FDI growth rate on income inequality is shown to be significant in the short-run but not in the long-run

Effects of gender on credit card usage among university students in Turkey.

In recent years, much has been written about credit card usage among university students. Despite a vast number of studies, little has been written about credit card usage among university students in developing countries. This research surveyed university students in Turkey in an attempt to understand their uses of credit cards. In particular, we examined the impact of gender on credit card use. The literature on the impact of gender on credit card usage is a bit unsettled and this study seeks to add another dimension to the research in this area. Using both parametric and nonparametric measures, we sought to isolate gender and tested whether or not it affects the ways that young people in Turkey use credit cards. The importance of this research centers on the portrait it provides of credit card usage among young people in a developing country as well as to pointing the factors that may influence future credit card use

Income Inequality and FDI: Evidence with Turkish Data

This paper explores how foreign direct investment (FDI) and other determinants impact income inequality in Turkey in the short- and long-run. We apply the ARDL (Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag) modelling approach, which is suitable for small samples. The data for the study cover the years from 1970 to 2008. The empirical results indicate the existence of a cointegration relationship among the variables. The positive impact of the FDI growth rate on income inequality, worsening inequality, is shown to be significant in the short-run, though at the 10% significance level only and with a quantitatively small impact, and insignificant in the long-run. In other words, FDI increases income inequality initially somewhat but this effect disappears in the long run. The literacy rate clearly reduces inequality in the long run, but also in the short run. On the other hand, population growth worsens inequality in the long run, and the effect is quite large, though it has no statistically significant effect on inequality in the short run. Also, an increase in GDP growth reduces inequality especially in the short run (at a 5% level of significance) but also in the long run (though only at the 10% level)

Military Expenditures and Inequality: Empirical Evidence from Israel

The aim of this paper is to examine different shocks to Israel’s business cycle from 1960 to 2007 in terms of the relationship between military expenditures and inequality, Gini coefficient. We begin with the assumption that there is a direct effect of higher military expenditures on income inequality levels in Israel. To capture this, we use the structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model to conduct this kind of different shock analysis and find that military expenditures shock (a rise) has a statistically significant effect on the Gini coefficient index after the first 3 years. This finding implies that military expenditures policies lead to inequality (Gini coefficient) in Israel

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