Kestane kabuğu, ısırgan otu, kivi meyvesi ve narenciye özütlerinin antioksidan potansiyelleri ve bazı balık patojenlerine karşı antibakteriyel etkileri

The use of antioxidants and antibacterial compounds obtained from natural sources is important for human and animal health, as well as for controlling diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluates the antioxidant potentials and antibacterial effects of water extracts of C. sativa, U. dioica, A. deliciosa and C. aurantium against selected Gram-negative (Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio rotiferianus, Vibrio campbellii, Vibrio ponticus and Aeromonas veronii) and Gram-positive (Bacillus thuringiensis) bacteria. Results of antioxidant test indicated that the chestnut shell extract had the highest DPPH inhibition (87.03 %) followed by citrus fruit (80.40 %). All extracts showed antibacterial activity against one or more species of bacteria. The most susceptible bacteria were V. harveyi (32.05 mm zone diameter) and V. campbellii (21.66 mm zone diameter) and the resistant species were V. anguillarum, V. ponticus and A. veronii. The results show that plant extracts have the potential to be used as an antibacterial agent in aquaculture and as an antioxidant agent in processing technology.Doğal kaynaklardan elde edilen antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal bileşiklerin kullanımı, insan ve hayvan sağlığı için olduğu kadar hastalıkların kontrolü açısından da önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, C. sativa, U. dioica, A. deliciosa ve C. aurantium bitkilerinden elde edilen su bazlı özütlerin antioksidan potansiyellerinin belirlenmesi, aynı zamanda seçilen Gram-negatif (Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio rotiferianus, Vibrio campbellii, Vibrio ponticus ve Aeromonas veronii) ve Gram-pozitif (Bacillus thuringiensis) bakterilere karşı antibakteriyel etkilerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Antioksidan aktivitesi testi sonuçlarına göre, en yüksek DPPH inhibisyonu (%87,03) kestane kabuğu özütünde, ikinci olarak turunç özütünde (%80,40) belirlenmiştir. Tüm özütlerin bir veya daha fazla bakteri türüne karşı antibakteriyel aktivite gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Özütlere karşı en duyarlı bakteriler V. harveyi (32,05 mm zon çapı) ve V. campbellii (21,66 mm zon çapı), dirençli türler ise V. anguillarum, V. ponticus ve A. veronii olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları, elde edilen özütlerin su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde antibakteriyel madde ve işleme teknolojisinde antioksidan ajan olarak kullanılma potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermektedi

A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Effect of Rapidly Infused Crystalloids on Acid-Base Status in Dehydrated Patients in the Emergency Department

Study objective: To compare the effect of normal saline (NS), lactated Ringer's, and Plasmalyte on the acid-base status of dehydrated patients in the emergency department (ED)

Contribution of congenital heart disorders associated with copy number variants in mediating risk for brain developmental disorders; evidence from 20-year retrospective cohort study

Rare pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) are genetic rearrangements that have been associated with an increased risk for congenital heart disorders (CHDs). However, the association of CNVs with atypical brain development, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), in the presence of CHDs remains unclear. We attempted to explore this association by establishing the prevalence and burden of CNVs associated with CHD in a Welsh population and by studying the effect of rare CNVs associated with CHDs in mediating the risk of NDDs. Toward this goal, we analyzed data from the Congenital Anomaly Register for Wales (CARIS), referred from hospitals in Wales between 1998 and 2018, which included 1,113 subjects in total. Of these, 785 subjects were included in the study following application of the exclusion criteria, and a total of 28 rare CNVs associated with CHD were analyzed. The findings from this cohort study identified 22q11.2 deletion as the most prominent CNV across the cohort. Our data demonstrates that the survival rate of the cohort after 3 years was 99.9%, and mortality fell significantly between 1 and 2 years and between 2 and 3 years [F(1,27) = 10, p = 0.0027; F(1,27) = 5.8, p = 0.0222]. Importantly, the data set revealed a positive correlation between the incidence of congenital heart disease and the incidence of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in patients with CNVs across the whole cohort [95% CI (0.4062, 0.8449), p < 0.0001, r = 0.6829]. Additionally, we identified significant CNVs that result in the co-morbidity of CHD and NDD and show that septal defects and global developmental delay are major congenital defects. Further research should identify a common molecular mechanism leading to the phenotypic comorbidity of CHDs and NDDs, arising from a common CNV, which can have an implication for improving risk classification and for fetal neuroprotection strategies in the affected children and in precision medicine

Impact of copy number variation on human neurocognitive deficits and congenital heart defects: a systematic review

Copy number variant (CNV) syndromes are often associated with both neurocognitive deficits (NCDs) and congenital heart defects (CHDs). Children and adults with cardiac developmental defects likely to have NCDs leading to increased risk of hospitalisation and reduce independence. To date, the association between these two phenotypes have not been explored in relation to CNV syndromes. In order to address this question, we systematically reviewed the prevalence of CHDs in a range of CNV syndromes associated with NCDs. A meta-analysis showed a relationship with the size of CNV and its association with both NCDs and CHDs, and also inheritance pattern. To our knowledge, this is the first review to establish association between NCD and CHDs in CNV patients, specifically in relation to the severity of NCD. Importantly, we found specific types of CHDs were associated with severe neurocognitive deficits. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results for patients in the clinical setting which warrants further exploration of this association in order to lead improvement in the quality of patient’s life

Echogenic intracardiac foci detection and location in the second-trimester ultrasound and association with fetal outcomes: A systematic literature review

Background: Echogenic Intracardiac Foci (EIF) are non-structural markers identified during the routine 18–20-week foetal anomaly ultrasound scan yet their clinical significance on future outcomes for the infant is unclear. Objective: To examine the association between EIF and risk of preterm birth, chromosomal abnormalities, and cardiac abnormalities. Design: A review across four databases to identify English language journal articles of EIF using a cohort study design. All studies were reviewed for quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist and data extracted for comparison and analysis. Results: 19 papers from 9 different countries were included. Combining these studies showed 4.6% (95% CI = 4.55–4.65%) of all pregnancies had EIF which was on the left in 86% of cases, on the right in 3% of cases and bilaterally in 10%. There was no evidence that EIF was associated with higher rates of preterm birth. However, it is possible that infants with EIF were more likely to be terminated rather than be born preterm as there was a 2.1% (range 0.3–4.2%) rate of termination or death of the foetus after week 20 among those with EIF. There was no evidence that EIF alone is highly predictive of chromosomal abnormalities. There was evidence that EIF is associated with higher rates of minor cardiac abnormalities (e.g. ventricular septal defect, tricuspid regurgitation or mitral regurgitation)) with 5.1% (224 of 4385) of those with EIF showing cardiac abnormalities (3.08% in retrospective studies and 17.85% in prospective studies). However, the risk of cardiac defects was only higher with right-sided EIF and where the EIF persisted into the third trimester. However, this is a rare event and would be seen in an estimated 4 per 10,000 pregnancies. Conclusion: EIF alone was not associated with adverse outcomes for the infant. Only persistent EIF on the right side showed evidence of carrying a higher risk of cardiac abnormality and would warrant further follow-up

Fetal Cardiac Anomalies

Balci, Burcin Karamustafaoglu/0000-0001-5196-4502WOS: 000443367100007This review is intended to give a practical guide to ultrasound recognition of the commonly observed fetal cardiac abnormalities and their key features on standard imaging planes during antenatal anomaly screening examinations. All information provided here, on the diagnosis and management of fetal cardiac anomalies, is based on the personal experiences of the authors and their expert reviews of the selected previously published studies

Aorta abdominalis ve dallari: Otopsi olgularında morfometri ve varyasyonları]

Aim: Knowing the morphology of abdominal aorta (AA) and its branches are important as regards to diagnosis and surgical treatment. The aims of this study were to a) make morphometric measurements of AA and its branches, b) to investigate sites of the origins of the branches and their relationships and variations, and c) to compare the results with literature.Method: Ninety-five AA which had been removed in autopsies were measured with caliper morphometrically to determine diameters of branches and distances between branches. Possible variation of the vessels were investigated and photographed.Result: It was found that diameters of celiac trunk (CT), superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) were 6.43±1.59 mm, 7.38±1.67 mm and 3.61±0.72 mm respectively. The distances between CT and aortic bifurcation (AB), CT and SMA, SMA and IMA, IMA and AB were 107.21±11.46 mm, 14.34±2.67 mm, 57.76±8.04 mm, 35.20±7.41 mm respectively. Numerous variations were observed during the study. These variations involved inferior phrenic artery (single trunk arising from CT, 4.2%), renal artery-RA (duplicated right RA 9.5%, duplicated left RA 4.2%, bilaterally duplicated 3.1%, %16.8 total multiple RA), gonadal arteries-GA (single GA, 1%), lumbar arteries-LA (3 pairs of LA 11.5%, 3rd or 4th LA arising as single trunk 3.1%) and median sacral artery (agenesis 2.1%). Conclusion: Knowledge of morphology of AA and its branches is important in regards to the diagnosis, surgical treatment and endovascular interventions of these vessels. We think our study will contribute to the medical education and clinical medicine in our country

The association of neurodevelopmental abnormalities, congenital heart and renal defects in a Tuberous Sclerosis Complex patient cohort

Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare multi-system genetic disorder characterised by the presence of benign tumours throughout multiple organs including the brain, kidneys, heart, liver, eyes, lungs and skin, in addition to neurological and neuropsychiatric complications. Intracardiac tumour (rhabdomyoma), neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and kidney disorders (KD) are common manifestations of TSC and have been linked with TSC1 and TSC2 loss-of-function mutations independently, but the dynamic relationship between these organ manifestations remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to characterise the nature of the relationship specifically between these three organs' manifestations in TSC1 and TSC2 mutation patients. Methods: Clinical data gathered from TSC patients across South Wales registered with Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (CAV UHB) between 1990 and 2020 were analysed retrospectively to evaluate abnormalities in the heart, brain and kidney development. TSC-related abnormalities such as tumour prevalence, location and size were analysed for each organ in addition to neuropsychiatric involvement and were compared between TSC1 and TSC2 mutant genotypes. Lastly, statistical co-occurrence between organ manifestations co-morbidity was quantified, and trajectories of disease progression throughout organs were modelled. Results: This study found a significantly greater mutational frequency at the TSC2 locus in the cohort in comparison to TSC1. An equal proportion of male and female patients were observed in this group and by meta-analysis of previous studies. No significant difference in characterisation of heart involvement was observed between TSC1 and TSC2 patients. Brain involvement was seen with increased severity in TSC2 patients, characterised by a greater prevalence of cortical tubers and communication disorders. Renal pathology was further enhanced in TSC2 patients, marked by increased bilateral angiomyolipoma prevalence. Furthermore, co-occurrence of NDDs and KDs was the most positively correlated out of investigated manifestations, regardless of genotype. Analysis of disease trajectories revealed a more diverse clinical outcome for TSC2 patients: however, a chronological association of rhabdomyoma, NDD and KD was most frequently observed for TSC1 patients. Conclusions: This study marks the first empirical investigation of the co-morbidity between congenital heart defects (CHD), NDDs, and KDs in TSC1 and TSC2 patients. This remains a unique first step towards the characterisation of the dynamic role between genetics, heart function, brain function and kidney function during the early development in the context of TSC