The Adaptation Model of Caregiver in Treating Family Member with Schizophrenia in Kediri, East Java

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that is characterized by impaired reality (e.g. hallucination and delusion), inability to communicate, unnatural or blunt affect, cognitive disorder (e.g. bizzare abstract thinking), and difficulty in doing daily activities. Normally, the family is most affected by the presence of people with schizophrenia. Adaptation of care giver is important in the care of family member with schizophrenia, as it sustains the process of treatment and prevents relapse of schizophrenia. This study aimed to develop an adaptation model of care giver in families with a schizophrenic member. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Kediri, East Java. A sample of 135 families with a schizophrenic member was selected by random sampling from 9 health centers in Kediri. The dependent variable was willingness to give care to a schizophrenic family member. The independent variables included care giver‟s perception, self-efficacy, self-esteem, access to community resource, and coping effort. A structured questionnaire was developed to collect the data. The data was analyzed by path analysis model. RESULTS: Positive perception of the care giver (b=0.19; p0.05), access to community resource (b=0.24; p<0.05), and strong coping effort (b=12.17; p<0.05), increased willingness to care for a schizophrenic family member. In contrast, higher self-esteem of the care giver (b=-0.25; p<0.05) decreased willingness to care for a schizophrenic family member. Care giver‟s perception was affected by stress due to caring for a family member with schizophrenia, especially schizophrenia with aggressive behavior. CONCLUSION: An adaptation model of caring for a family member with schizophrenia can be developed, based on finding of this study that there is positive association between perception of the care giver, self-efficacy, access to community resource, and coping effort, and increased willingness to care for a schizophrenic family member. Higher self-esteem of the care giver is negatively associated with willingness to care for a schizophrenic family member. Keywords: schizophrenia, care giver, adaptation mode

THE ADAPTATION MODEL OF CAREGIVER IN TREATING FAMILY MEMBERS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN KEDIRI EAST JAVA

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that is characterized by impaired reality (hallucinations and delusions), inability to communicate, affect unnatural or blunt, cognitive disorders (not capable of abstract thinking) and had difficulty doing daily activities. Normally, the family is most affected by the presence of people with schizophrenia in their families. The purpose of this study was to develop an adaptation model of the caregiver in caring for family members with schizophrenia in Kediri. Methods: This study used cross-sectional design with nature explanatory research. Data were collected using a questionnaire on 135 respondents in nine health centers in the city of Kediri region. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. For data analysis and test, the feasibility used a test model of SEM with AMOS program 19. Results: The results showed self esteem caregiver (-0.25 0.05) , caregiver coping effort (12:17 <0.05), and the perception of caregiver about the family situation at this time (0:19 <0.05), which means that adaptation of caregiver in treating patients with schizophrenia is influenced by the characteristics of the family, namely community resources, self-efficacy, caregiver coping effort, self-esteem and perception of family caregiver to the conditions experienced at this time. Perception of caregiver about the condition of today's families is affected by stress, which appears on a caregiver stress due to stressor for caring for people with schizophrenia, especially the aggressive behavior of schizophrenics. Discussion: Adaptation of caregiver was highly influential in the care of people with schizophrenia because in this case becomes one of the important points to be able to sustain the process of treatment and prevent relapse of schizophrenics

Potentials of Nggorang Leaf Standard Extract (Salvia Ccidentalis) Study: Ethnopharmacology, Standardization, Antioxoxide, Sitotoxicity and Working Mechanisms

The use of medicinal plants is used as the main therapy as well as additional therapy to enhance one’s immunity or maintain health and fitness. Nggorang Leaf Extract (EDG) polyphenol and flavonoid compounds and essential oils. Flavonoids are powerful antioxidants that work as a cancer prevention and also have antimicrobial effects. This study aims to prove the potential of EDG as an antioxidant and antiproliferation of Hela cancer cells. This research includes Quasy experiment research The conclusion of this study shows that Nggorang Leaf Extract (EDG) has potential as an antioxidant against DPPH radicals at IC50 = 34,407 ppm; Nggorang Leaf Extract (EDG) has potential as an antiproliferation of T47D IC50 cancer cells = 201 ppm; Nggorang Leaf Extract (EDG) has potential as an antiproliferation of Hela IC50 cancer cells = 187 ppm; Nggorang Leaf Extract (EDG) has the potential to reduce ROS activity in T47D cancer cells by 54.34% at a concentration of 50 ppm; Nggorang Leaf Extract (EDG) has the potential to reduce ROS activity in Hela cancer cells by 58.33% at a concentration of 50 ppm; Nggorang Leaf Extract (EDG) has the potential to increase P53 gene expression in T47D cancer cells by 94.13% at a concentration of 50 ppm; Nggorang Leaf Extract (EDG) has the potential to increase P53 gene expression in Hela cancer cells by 92.05% at a concentration of 50 ppm. The novelty of this study is that Nggorang leaves (Salvia occidentalis) can be used as a preventative for breast cancer and cervical cancer. Keywords : Salvia Occidentalis, Ethnopharmacolog