13,689 research outputs found
Seething Horizontal Magnetic Fields in the Quiet Solar Photosphere
The photospheric magnetic field outside of active regions and the network has
a ubiquitous and dynamic line-of-sight component that strengthens from disk
center to limb as expected for a nearly horizontal orientation. This component
shows a striking time variation with an average temporal rms near the limb of
1.7 G at ~3" resolution. In our moderate resolution observations the nearly
horizontal component has a frequency variation power law exponent of -1.4 below
1.5 mHz and is spatially patchy on scales up to ~15 arcsec. The field may be a
manifestation of changing magnetic connections between eruptions and evolution
of small magnetic flux elements in response to convective motions. It shows no
detectable latitude or longitude variations.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, submitted to ApJ letters, quality of figures
significantly degraded here by compression requirement
Elliptic Flow and Initial Eccentricity in Cu+Cu and Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
We present a systematic study of elliptic flow as a function of centrality,
pseudorapidity, transverse momentum and energy for Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions
from the PHOBOS experiment. New data on elliptic flow in Cu+Cu collisions at
22.4 GeV are shown. Elliptic flow scaled by participant eccentricity is found
to be similar for both systems when collisions with the same number of
participants or the same average area density are compared. This similarity is
observed over a wide range in pseudorapidity and transverse momentum,
indicating that participant eccentricity is the relevant quantity for
generating the azimuthal asymmetry leading to the observed elliptic flow.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, the 19th International Conference On Ultra
relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (Quark Matter 2006), Shanghai China,
Nov. 14-20, 200
Simulation System for the Wendelstein 7-X Safety Control System
The Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) Safety Instrumented System (SIS) ensures personal
safety and investment protection. The development and implementation of the SIS
are based on the international safety standard for the process industry sector,
IEC 61511. The SIS exhibits a distributed and hierarchical organized
architecture consisting of a central Safety System (cSS) on the top and many
local Safety Systems (lSS) at the bottom. Each technical component or
diagnostic system potentially hazardous for the staff or for the device is
equipped with an lSS. The cSS is part of the central control system of W7-X.
Whereas the lSSs are responsible for the safety of each individual component,
the cSS ensures safety of the whole W7-X device. For every operation phase of
the W7-X experiment hard- and software updates for the SIS are mandatory. New
components with additional lSS functionality and additional safety signals have
to be integrated. Already established safety functions must be adapted and new
safety functions have to be integrated into the cSS. Finally, the safety
programs of the central and local safety systems have to be verified for every
development stage and validated against the safety requirement specification.
This contribution focuses on the application of a model based simulation system
for the whole SIS of W7-X. A brief introduction into the development process of
the SIS and its technical realization will be give followed by a description of
the design and implementation of the SIS simulation system using the framework
SIMIT (Siemens). Finally, first application experiences of this simulation
system for the preparation of the SIS for the upcoming operation phase OP 1.2b
of W7-X will be discussed
Penal Reform
This article examines aspects of penal reform within our present criminal justice system. The author advocates application of a systems analysis approach to penal problems in order to provide predictive knowledge concerning effects that arise when changes or reforms are made within the penal system. He also suggests certain practical improvements that can be made in the present system and proposes that an agency be established by the Florida legislature to study the criminal justice system
Elliptic and triangular flow of identified particles at ALICE
We report on the first measurements of elliptic and triangular flow for
charged pions, kaons and anti-protons in lead-lead collisions at 2.76 TeV
measured with the ALICE detector at the LHC. We compare the observed mass
splitting of differential elliptic flow at LHC energies to RHIC measurements at
lower energies and theory predictions. We test the quark coalescence picture
with the quark number scaling of elliptic and triangular flow.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, Quark Matter 2011 conference proceeding
Present status and future prospects for a Higgs boson discovery at the Tevatron and LHC
Discovering the Higgs boson is one of the primary goals of both the Tevatron
and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The present status of the Higgs search is
reviewed and future prospects for discovery at the Tevatron and LHC are
considered. This talk focuses primarily on the Higgs boson of the Standard
Model and its minimal supersymmetric extension. Theoretical expectations for
the Higgs boson and its phenomenological consequences are reviewed.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, jpconf documentclass file, invited
talk at PASCOS 2010, the 16th International Symposium on Particles, Strings
and Cosmology, Valencia, Spain, 19--23 July 201
Kondo effect in a one dimensional d-wave superconductor
We derive a solvable resonant-level type model, to describe an impurity spin
coupled to zero-energy bound states localized at the edge of a one dimensional
d-wave superconductor. This results in a two-channel Kondo effect with a quite
unusual low-temperature thermodynamics. For instance, the local impurity
susceptibility yields a finite maximum at zero temperature (but no
logarithmic-divergence) due to the splitting of the impurity in two Majorana
fermions. Moreover, we make comparisons with the Kondo effect occurring in a
two dimensional d-wave superconductor.Comment: 9 pages, final version; To be published in Europhysics Letter
Regulating Systemic Risk: Towards an Analytical Framework
The global financial crisis demonstrated the inability and unwillingness of financial market participants to safeguard the stability of the financial system. It also highlighted the enormous direct and indirect costs of addressing systemic crises after they have occurred, as opposed to attempting to prevent them from arising. Governments and international organizations are responding with measures intended to make the financial system more resilient to economic shocks, many of which will be implemented by regulatory bodies over time. These measures suffer, however, from the lack of a theoretical account of how systemic risk propagates within the financial system and why regulatory intervention is needed to disrupt it. In this Article, we address this deficiency by examining how systemic risk is transmitted. We then proceed to explain why, in the absence of regulation, market participants cannot be relied upon to disrupt or otherwise limit the transmission of systemic risk. Finally, we advance an analytical framework to inform systemic risk regulation
A birth cohort study
Funding Information: The MINA‐Brazil Study has been funded by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grant number 407255/2013‐3) and the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, grant number 2016/00270‐6). Dr Matijasevich, Dr Antunes and Dr Cardoso are recipients of CNPq senior research scholarships. Mrs Maruyama and Mrs Pinheiro received doctoral scholarship from FAPESP (grant 2017/22723‐5) and CAPES, respectively. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Objectives: Previous cohort studies have found a positive association between prolonged breastfeeding (≥12 months) on dental caries, but few of them analysed the mediated effect of sugar consumption on this association. This study investigated whether prolonged breastfeeding is a risk factor for caries at 2-year follow-up assessment (21–27 months of age) and whether this effect is mediated by sugar consumption. Methods: A birth cohort study was performed in the Brazilian Amazon (n = 800). Dental caries was assessed using the dmf-t index. Prolonged breastfeeding was the main exposure. Data on baseline covariables and sugar consumption at follow-up visits were analysed. We estimated the OR for total causal effect (TCE) and natural indirect effect (NIE) of prolonged breastfeeding on dental caries using the G-formula. Results: The prevalence of caries was 22.8% (95% CI: 19.8%–25.8%). Children who were breastfed for 12–23 months (TCE = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05–1.20) and for ≥24 months (TCE = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14–1.40) presented a higher risk of caries at age of 2 years than those breastfed <12 months. However, this risk was slightly mediated by a decreased frequency of sugar consumption at age of 2 years only for breastfeeding from 12 to 23 months (NIE; OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91–0.97). Conclusions: In this study, the effect of prolonged breastfeeding on the increased risk of dental caries was slightly mediated by sugar consumption. Early feeding practices for caries prevention and promoting breastfeeding while avoiding sugar consumption should be targeted in the first 2 years of life.publishersversioninpres
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