1,022 research outputs found
Harnessing Rural Radio for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in the Philippines
The working paper documents the pilot rural radio campaign, dubbed as 'Climate Change i-Broadkas Mo', implemented by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security in Southeast Asia (CCAFS SEA) and the Philippine Federation of Rural Broadcasters (PFRB)β in strategic regions of the Philippines from 2015 to 2018. The radio campaign provided PFRB affiliated broadcasters with scripts and ready-to-be-aired (RTBA) interviews on climate-smart agriculture. The lessons learned from the project can be used to enhance the capacities of rural broadcasters on climate change reporting and to create a demand for radio-based distance learning, not only in Northern Philippines, but in similar regions in Southeast Asia
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) enhances and soluble interleukin-4 receptor (sIL-4R) inhibits histamine release from peripheral blood basophils and mast cells in vitro and in vivo
The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of interleukin-4 (IL-4) on allergen and anti-IgE mediated histamine release from basophils and human skin mast cells and to assess whether soluble recombinant interleukin-4 receptor (sIL4R) can inhibit these effects. Anti-IgE stimulated histamine release from peripheral blood basophils and mast cells of atopic donors was enhanced after preincubation with IL-4, whereas after preincubation with sIL-4R it was inhibited. These effects were even more pronounced when samples were stimulated with a clinically relevant allergen. In IL-4 preincubated skin mast cells, there was a similar enhancement of anti-IgE stimulated histamine release, which could again be inhibited by sIL-4R. The effects of IL-4 and sIL4R were dose- and time-dependent. Mice sensitized to ovalbumin and treated with soluble recombinant murine sIL-4R showed significantly reduced immediate-type cutaneous hypersensitivity responses compared with untreated mice.
These in vivo effects were IgE independent, since there were no significant differences in total and allergen specific IgE/IgG1 antibody titres between treated and untreated mice. This indicates that IL4 exerts priming effects on histamine release by effector cells of the allergic response and that these effects are potently antagonized by soluble IL-4R both
in vitro and in vivo
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ²ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ 95 Ρ., 22 ΡΠΈΡ., 22 ΡΠ°Π±Π»., 33 ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, 1 ΠΏΡΠΈΠ». ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ (ΠΠΠ’Π2-Π-180), ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ (ΠΠ-50, ΠΠ-55-5). Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ: ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ (Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ²ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Β«Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ» ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.The aim of the present work investigates the effect electric loads in the mean time to breakdown of the elements of coil insulation to low-voltage windings of electric machines. he obtained results clearly demonstrate the different degrees of enameled wires resistance to electrical loads
Readout of GEM Detectors Using the Medipix2 CMOS Pixel Chip
We have operated a Medipix2 CMOS readout chip, with amplifying, shaping and
charge discriminating front-end electronics integrated on the pixel-level, as a
highly segmented direct charge collecting anode in a three-stage gas electron
multiplier (Triple-GEM) to detect the ionization from Fe X-rays and
electrons from Ru. The device allows to perform moderate energy
spectroscopy measurements (20 % FWHM at 5.9 keV -rays) using only digital
readout and two discriminator thresholds. Being a truly 2D-detector, it allows
to observe individual clusters of minimum ionizing charged particles in
(70:30) and (70:30) mixtures and to achieve excellent
spatial resolution for position reconstruction of primary clusters down to
, based on the binary centroid determination method.Comment: 18 pages, 14 pictures. submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods
in Physics Research
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Diverse immune mechanisms of allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis with and without asthma
Copyright Β© 2022 The Authors. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is an effective treatment for allergic rhinitis, inducing long-term clinical tolerance to the sensitizing allergen. Clinical tolerance induction can be achieved when AIT is administered for at least 3 years. AIT is associated with the modulation of innate and adaptive immune systems. This comprises inhibition of IgE-dependent activation of mast cells and basophils in the local target organ, suppression of TH2 cells, immune deviation toward TH1 cells, induction of T and B regulatory cells, and production of allergen-neutralizing antibodies. However, recent developments in their underpinning mechanisms have revealed that AIT, administered subcutaneously or sublingually, induces immune regulation through novel cell targets and molecular mechanisms. This comprehensive review discusses how immune tolerance driven by subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy is associated with the induction of a novel regulatory subset of innate lymphoid cells and suppression of proinflammatory TH2, allergen-specific TH2 (TH2A), and T follicular helper cells. Moreover, they are associated with exhaustion of TH2A cells and differential expression of nasal and systemic IgA antibodies. Uncovering the underpinning mechanisms of a successful AIT and immune tolerance induction will allow the development of targeted therapeutics for allergic rhinitis with and without asthma
How Exposures to Biologics Influence the Induction and Incidence of Asthma
A number of environmental factors can affect the development and severity of allergy and asthma; however, it can be argued that the most significant inhaled agents that modulate the development of these conditions are biologics. Sensitization to environmental allergens is an important risk factor for the development of asthma. Innate immune responses are often mediated by receptors on mononuclear cells whose primary ligands arise from microorganisms. Many pathogens, especially viruses, target epithelial cells and affect the host immune response to those pathogens. The acquired immune response to an allergen is influenced by the nature of the innate immune system. Products of innate immune responses to microbes promote T(H)1-acquired responses. In the absence of T(H)1 responses, T(H)2 responses can dominate. Central to T(H)1/T(H)2 balance is the composition of contaminants that derive from microbes. In this review we examine the biology of the response to allergens, viruses, and bacterial products in the context of the development of allergy and asthma
Body Posture Recognition as a Discovery Problem: A Semantic-Based Framework
Abstract. The automatic detection of human activities requires large computational resources to increase recognition performances and so-phisticated capturing devices to produce accurate results. Anyway, often innovative analysis methods applied to data extracted by off-the-shelf detection peripherals can return acceptable outcomes. In this paper a framework is proposed for automated posture recognition, exploiting depth data provided by a commercial tracking device. The detection problem is handled as a semantic-based resource discovery. A simple yet general data model and a corresponding ontology create the needed terminological substratum for an automatic posture annotation via stan-dard Semantic Web languages. Hence, a logic-based matchmaking allows to compare retrieved annotations with standard posture descriptions stored as individuals in a proper Knowledge Base. Finally, non-standard inferences and a similarity-based ranking support the discovery of the best matching posture. This framework has been implemented in a pro-totypical tool and preliminary experimental tests have been carried out w.r.t. a reference dataset
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