337 research outputs found
Evidence of two viscous relaxation processes in the collective dynamics of liquid lithium
New inelastic X-ray scattering experiments have been performed on liquid
lithium in a wide wavevector range. With respect to the previous measurements,
the instrumental resolution, improved up to 1.5 meV, allows to accurately
investigate the dynamical processes determining the observed shape of the the
dynamic structure factor, . A detailed analysis of the lineshapes
shows the co-existence of relaxation processes with both a slow and a fast
characteristic timescales, and therefore that pictures of the relaxation
mechanisms based on a simple viscoelastic model must be abandoned.Comment: 5 pages, 4 .PS figure
Density fluctuations and single-particle dynamics in liquid lithium
The single-particle and collective dynamical properties of liquid lithium
have been evaluated at several thermodynamic states near the triple point. This
is performed within the framework of mode-coupling theory, using a
self-consistent scheme which, starting from the known static structure of the
liquid, allows the theoretical calculation of several dynamical properties.
Special attention is devoted to several aspects of the single-particle
dynamics, which are discussed as a function of the thermodynamic state. The
results are compared with those of Molecular Dynamics simulations and other
theoretical approaches.Comment: 31 pages (in preprint format), 14 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Central nervous system relapse in high-risk stage 4 neuroblastoma : the HR-NBL1/SIOPEN trial experience
Prospects for the measurement of muon-neutrino disappearance at the FNAL-Booster
Neutrino physics is nowadays receiving more and more attention as a possible
source of information for the long-standing problem of new physics beyond the
Standard Model. The recent measurement of the mixing angle in the
standard mixing oscillation scenario encourages us to pursue the still missing
results on leptonic CP violation and absolute neutrino masses. However,
puzzling measurements exist that deserve an exhaustive evaluation. The NESSiE
Collaboration has been setup to undertake conclusive experiments to clarify the
muon-neutrino disappearance measurements at small , which will be able to
put severe constraints to models with more than the three-standard neutrinos,
or even to robustly measure the presence of a new kind of neutrino oscillation
for the first time. To this aim the use of the current FNAL-Booster neutrino
beam for a Short-Baseline experiment has been carefully evaluated. This
proposal refers to the use of magnetic spectrometers at two different sites,
Near and Far. Their positions have been extensively studied, together with the
possible performances of two OPERA-like spectrometers. The proposal is
constrained by availability of existing hardware and a time-schedule compatible
with the CERN project for a new more performant neutrino beam, which will
nicely extend the physics results achievable at the Booster. The possible FNAL
experiment will allow to clarify the current disappearance tension
with appearance and disappearance at the eV mass scale. Instead, a new
CERN neutrino beam would allow a further span in the parameter space together
with a refined control of systematics and, more relevant, the measurement of
the antineutrino sector, by upgrading the spectrometer with detectors currently
under R&D study.Comment: 76 pages, 52 figure
Microscopic dynamics in liquid metals: the experimental point of view
The experimental results relevant for the understanding of the microscopic
dynamics in liquid metals are reviewed, with special regards to the ones
achieved in the last two decades. Inelastic Neutron Scattering played a major
role since the development of neutron facilities in the sixties. The last ten
years, however, saw the development of third generation radiation sources,
which opened the possibility of performing Inelastic Scattering with X rays,
thus disclosing previously unaccessible energy-momentum regions. The purely
coherent response of X rays, moreover, combined with the mixed
coherent/incoherent response typical of neutron scattering, provides enormous
potentialities to disentangle aspects related to the collectivity of motion
from the single particle dynamics.
If the last twenty years saw major experimental developments, on the
theoretical side fresh ideas came up to the side of the most traditional and
established theories. Beside the raw experimental results, therefore, we review
models and theoretical approaches for the description of microscopic dynamics
over different length-scales, from the hydrodynamic region down to the single
particle regime, walking the perilous and sometimes uncharted path of the
generalized hydrodynamics extension. Approaches peculiar of conductive systems,
based on the ionic plasma theory, are also considered, as well as kinetic and
mode coupling theory applied to hard sphere systems, which turn out to mimic
with remarkable detail the atomic dynamics of liquid metals. Finally, cutting
edges issues and open problems, such as the ultimate origin of the anomalous
acoustic dispersion or the relevance of transport properties of a conductive
systems in ruling the ionic dynamic structure factor are discussed.Comment: 53 pages, 41 figures, to appear in "The Review of Modern Physics".
Tentatively scheduled for July issu
Determination of the muon charge sign with the dipolar spectrometers of the OPERA experiment
The OPERA long-baseline neutrino-oscillation experiment has observed the
direct appearance of in the CNGS beam. Two large muon
magnetic spectrometers are used to identify muons produced in the
leptonic decay and in interactions by measuring their charge and
momentum. Besides the kinematic analysis of the decays, background
resulting from the decay of charmed particles produced in
interactions is reduced by efficiently identifying the muon track. A new method
for the charge sign determination has been applied, via a weighted angular
matching of the straight track-segments reconstructed in the different parts of
the dipole magnets. Results obtained for Monte Carlo and real data are
presented. Comparison with a method where no matching is used shows a
significant reduction of up to 40\% of the fraction of wrongly determined
charges.Comment: 10 pages. Improvements in the tex
Procedure for short-lived particle detection in the OPERA experiment and its application to charm decays
The OPERA experiment, designed to perform the first observation of oscillations in appearance mode through the detection of
the leptons produced in charged current interactions, has
collected data from 2008 to 2012. In the present paper, the procedure developed
to detect particle decays, occurring over distances of the order of 1 mm
from the neutrino interaction point, is described in detail. The results of its
application to the search for charmed hadrons are then presented as a
validation of the methods for appearance detection
Limits on muon-neutrino to tau-neutrino oscillations induced by a sterile neutrino state obtained by OPERA at the CNGS beam
The OPERA experiment, exposed to the CERN to Gran Sasso beam,
collected data from 2008 to 2012. Four oscillated Charged Current
interaction candidates have been detected in appearance mode, which are
consistent with oscillations at the atmospheric within the "standard" three-neutrino framework. In this paper, the OPERA
appearance results are used to derive limits on the mixing
parameters of a massive sterile neutrino.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures; reference to Planck result updated in the
Introduction. Submitted to JHE
Observation of nu_tau appearance in the CNGS beam with the OPERA experiment
The OPERA experiment is searching for nu_mu -> nu_tau oscillations in
appearance mode i.e. via the direct detection of tau leptons in nu_tau charged
current interactions. The evidence of nu_mu -> nu_tau appearance has been
previously reported with three nu_tau candidate events using a sub-sample of
data from the 2008-2012 runs. We report here a fourth nu_tau candidate event,
with the tau decaying into a hadron, found after adding the 2012 run events
without any muon in the final state to the data sample. Given the number of
analysed events and the low background, nu_mu -> nu_tau oscillations are
established with a significance of 4.2sigma.Comment: Submitted to Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (PTEP
In vivo measurement of tumor estradiol and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in breast cancer patients
© 2008 Garvin and Dabrosin; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
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