1,199 research outputs found
Non-equilibrium dynamics of gene expression and the Jarzynski equality
In order to express specific genes at the right time, the transcription of
genes is regulated by the presence and absence of transcription factor
molecules. With transcription factor concentrations undergoing constant
changes, gene transcription takes place out of equilibrium. In this paper we
discuss a simple mapping between dynamic models of gene expression and
stochastic systems driven out of equilibrium. Using this mapping, results of
nonequilibrium statistical mechanics such as the Jarzynski equality and the
fluctuation theorem are demonstrated for gene expression dynamics. Applications
of this approach include the determination of regulatory interactions between
genes from experimental gene expression data
Building a participatory national consensus on wastewater reclamation and reuse in Palestine
Water scarcity is a major constraint for economic and social development and sustainability of the agricultural sector in Palestine. Rapid population growth and increasing dominance of Israeli occupation over the Palestinian water and land resources exacerbate this problem. Wastewater reuse in agriculture is a potential non-conventional water resource that needs better utilization. Our research studied the enabling environment and the political economy of wastewater reclamation and reuse in Palestine. The research team adopted participatory approach that was based on active involvement of all stakeholders in the various phases and activities of this project. The team organized large
number of public meetings and national workshops that gathered policy makers as well as representatives of the
stakeholder community. The team also implemented a questionnaire survey to study the public perceptions toward
wastewater reuse. The research was concluded by a national symposium that gathered more than 200 persons from
this community. The major research findings show a national consensus on the importance of wastewater
reclamation and reuse in irrigated agriculture. The results show positive knowledge and perceptions of all
stakeholders towards reuse of reclaimed wastewater. It also shows that there is a big gap between various
institutions related to the subject. It also shows poor collaboration between the academic/research institutions and
policy making. The research also emphasizes the importance of onsite systems, especially grey water, for wastewater treatment and reuse as they are low cost and do not require permission of Israeli occupation. The research has a substantial policy impact as it opened opportunities for participatory approaches and dialogue between policy makers and the entire stakeholdersā communit
Ueber die Verbindungen der Elemente der Stickstoffgruppe mit den Radicalen der aromatischen Reihe
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Disseminated Toxoplasmosis in a Patient with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Abstract : Toxoplasmosis is a well-recognized opportunistic disease in HIV-infected individuals that is caused by the reactivation of a previous infection, primarily in the central nervous system, during profound immunodeficiency. Toxoplasmosis has been described more rarely in patients with cancer and chemotherapy. We report a case of a patient with a history of chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma who developed pain and progressive paresthesia of the right arm 6 weeks after remission. Relapsing lymphoma was suspected, and steroid and radiation treatment were initiated, but the patient died 5 days later due to multiple organ failure. Autopsy revealed disseminated toxoplasmosis. This case illustrates that toxoplasmosis should be suspected in patients with neoplastic disease, especially lymphomas, who present with unexplained neurologic, pulmonary, or febrile symptoms during or after chemotherap
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