Longitudinal phase space manipulation in energy recovering linac-driven free-electron lasers

Energy recovering an electron beam after it has participated in a free-electron laser (FEL) interaction can be quite challenging because of the substantial FEL-induced energy spread and the energy anti-damping that occurs during deceleration. In the Jefferson Lab infrared FEL driver-accelerator, such an energy recovery scheme was implemented by properly matching the longitudinal phase space throughout the recirculation transport by employing the so-called energy compression scheme. In the present paper,after presenting a single-particle dynamics approach of the method used to energy-recover the electron beam, we report on experimental validation of the method obtained by measurements of the so-called "compression efficiency" and "momentum compaction" lattice transfer maps at different locations in the recirculation transport line. We also compare these measurements with numerical tracking simulations.Comment: 31 pages, 13 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Special Topics A&

Raman-spectroscopy based cell identification on a microhole array chip

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood of cancer patients are valuable prognostic markers and enable monitoring responses to therapy. The extremely low number of CTCs makes their isolation and characterization a major technological challenge. For label-free cell identification a novel combination of Raman spectroscopy with a microhole array platform is described that is expected to support high-throughput and multiplex analyses. Raman spectra were registered from regularly arranged cells on the chip with low background noise from the silicon nitride chip membrane. A classification model was trained to distinguish leukocytes from myeloblasts (OCI-AML3) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and BT-20). The model was validated by Raman spectra of a mixed cell population. The high spectral quality, low destructivity and high classification accuracy suggests that this approach is promising for Raman activated cell sorting

HOM and Impedance Study of RF Separators for LCLS-II

The LCLS-II upgrade requires an rf spreader system to guide bunches into a switchyard delivering beam to two undulators and the primary beam dump. The beam pattern therefore needs a 3-way beam spreader. An rf deflecting cavity concept was proposed that includes both superconducting and normal conducting options. We characterize the higher order modes (HOM) of these rf separator cavities and evaluate beam dynamics effects due to potential HOM excitation. This study includes both short term wake and multi-bunch effects

Crab Crossing Schemes and Studies for Electron Ion Collider

This report shows our progress in crab crossing consideration for future electron-ion collider envisioned at JLab. In this design phase, we are evaluating two crabbing schemes viz., the deflecting and dispersive. The mathematical formulations and lattice design for these schemes are discussed in this paper. Numerical simulations involving particle tracking through a realistic deflecting RF cavity and optics illustrate the desired crab tilt of 25 mrad for 1.35 MV. Evolution of beam propagation are shown which provides the physical insight of the crabbing phenomenon

Biomarkers in Urachal Cancer and Adenocarcinomas in the Bladder: A Comprehensive Review Supplemented by Own Data

Urachal cancer (UrC) is a rare but aggressive cancer. Due to overlapping histomorphology, discrimination of urachal from primary bladder adenocarcinomas (PBAC) and adenocarcinomas secondarily involving the bladder (particularly colorectal adenocarcinomas, CRC) can be challenging. Therefore, we aimed to give an overview of helpful (immunohistochemical) biomarkers and clinicopathological factors in addition to survival analyses and included institutional data from 12 urachal adenocarcinomas. A PubMed search yielded 319 suitable studies since 1930 in the English literature with 1984 cases of UrC including 1834 adenocarcinomas (92%) and 150 nonadenocarcinomas (8%). UrC was more common in men (63%), showed a median age at diagnosis of 50.8 years and a median tumor size of 6.0 cm. No associations were noted for overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) and clinicopathological factors beside a favorable PFS in male patients (p = 0.047). The immunohistochemical markers found to be potentially helpful in the differential diagnostic situation are AMACR and CK34betaE12 (UrC versus CRC and PBAC), CK7, beta-Catenin and CD15 (UrC and PBAC versus CRC), and CEA and GATA3 (UrC and CRC versus PBAC). Serum markers like CEA, CA19-9 and CA125 might additionally be useful in the follow-up and monitoring of UrC

Beam Dynamics Studies for Transverse Electromagnetic Mode Type rf Deflectors

We have performed three-dimensional simulations of beam dynamics for transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM) type rf deflectors: normal and superconducting. The compact size of these cavities as compared to the conventional TM110 type structures is more attractive particularly at low frequency. Highly concentrated electromagnetic fields between the parallel bars provide strong electrical stability to the beam for any mechanical disturbance. An array of six 2-cell normal conducting cavities or a single cell superconducting structure is enough to produce the required vertical displacement at the target point. Both the normal and superconducting structures show very small emittance dilution due to the vertical kick of the beam

Beam Dynamics Studies of Parallel-Bar Deflecting Cavities

We have performed three-dimensional simulations of beam dynamics for parallel-bar transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM) type RF separators: normal- and superconducting. The compact size of these cavities as compared to conventional TM110 type structures is more attractive particularly at low frequency. Highly concentrated electromagnetic fields between the parallel bars provide strong electrical stability to the beam for any mechanical disturbance. An array of eight 2-cell normal conducting cavities or a one- or two-cell superconducting structure are enough to produce the required vertical displacement at the Lambertson magnet. Both the normal and superconducting structures show very small emittance dilution due to the vertical kick of the beam

Three-dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging–based Printed Models of Prostate Anatomy and Targeted Biopsy-proven Index Tumor to Facilitate Patient-tailored Radical Prostatectomy—A Feasibility Study

In this prospective single-center feasibility study, we demonstrate that the use of three-dimensional (3D)-printed prostate models support nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (RP) and intraoperative frozen sectioning (IFS) in ten men suffering from intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer (PC), of whom seven harbored pT3 disease. Patient-specific 3D resin models were printed based on preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) to provide an exact 3D impression of significant tumor lesions. RP and IFS were planned in a patient-tailored fashion. The 36-region Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2.0 scheme was used to compare the MRI/3D print with whole-mount histopathology. In all cases, localization of the index lesion was correctly displayed by MRI and the 3D model. Localization of significant PC lesions correlated significantly (Pearson`s correlation coefficient of 0.88; p <  0.001). In addition, a significant correlation of the width, length, and volume of the tumor and prostate gland, derived from the printed model and histopathology, was found, using Pearson's correlation analyses and Bland-Altman plots. In conclusion, 3D-printed prostate models correlate well with final pathology and can be used to tailor RP. PATIENT SUMMARY: The use of three-dimensional (3D)-printed prostate models based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may improve prostatectomy outcome. This study confirmed the accuracy of 3D-printed prostates compared with pathology from radical prostatectomy specimens. Thus, MRI-derived 3D-printed prostate models can assist in prostate cancer surgery

Estimated summer abundance and krill consumption of fin whales throughout the Scotia Sea during the 2018/2019 summer season

Among large cetaceans in the Southern Hemisphere, fin whales were the most heavily exploited in terms of numbers taken during the period of intense industrial whaling. Recent studies suggest that, whilst some humpback whale populations in the Southern Hemisphere appears to have almost completely recovered to their estimated pre-whaling abundance, much less is known about the status of Southern Hemisphere fin whales. Circumpolar estimates in the 1990s suggest an abundance of about 5500 animals south of 60° S, while the IDCR/SOWER-2000 survey for the Scotia Sea and Antarctic Peninsula areas estimated 4670 fin whales within this region in the year 2000. More recent studies in smaller regions indicate higher densities, suggesting that previous estimates are overly conservative and/or that fin whales are undergoing a substantial increase. Here we report findings from a recent multi-vessel single-platform sightings survey carried out as part of the 2019 Area 48 Survey for Antarctic krill. While fin whales were encountered throughout the entire survey area, which covered the majority of CCAMLR Management Area 48, they were particularly abundant around the South Orkney Islands and the eastern Bransfield Strait. Large feeding aggregations were also encountered within the central Scotia Sea between South Orkney Islands and South Georgia. Distance sampling analyses suggest an average fin whale density throughout the Scotia Sea of 0.0256 ( ) whales per km2, which agrees well with recent density estimates reported from smaller sub-regions within the Scotia Sea. Design-based distance sampling analyses resulted in an estimated total fin whale abundance of 53,873 (CV = 0.15, 95% CI 40,233–72,138), while a density surface model resulted in a slightly lower estimate of 50,837 (CV: 0.136, 95% CI 38,966–66,324). These estimates are at least an order of magnitude greater than the previous estimate from the same region based on the IDCR/SOWER-2000 data, suggesting that fin whales are undergoing a substantial abundance increase in the South Atlantic. This may have important implications for the assessment of cetacean population trends, but also for CCAMLRs spatial overlap analysis process and efforts to implement a Feedback Management system for Antarctic krill. Our abundance estimate suggests an annual summer krill consumption by fin whales in the Antarctic Peninsula and Scotia Sea area of 7.97 (95% CI 4.94–11.91) million tonnes, which would represent around 20 times the total krill catch taken by the commercial fishery in Area 48 in the same season, or about 12.7% of the 2019 summer krill standing stock estimated from data collected during the same survey. This highlights the crucial importance of including cetacean krill predators in assessment and management efforts for living marine resources in the Southern Ocean, and particularly stresses the urgent need for a re-appraisal of abundance, distribution and ecological role of Southern Hemisphere fin whales

Visualization of Abscess Formation in a Murine Thigh Infection Model of Staphylococcus aureus by 19F-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Background: During the last years, 19 F-MRI and perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion (PFC) emerged as a powerful contrast agent based MRI methodology to track cells and to visualize inflammation. We applied this new modality to visualize deep tissue abscesses during acute and chronic phase of inflammation caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection. Methodology and Principal Findings: In this study, a murine thigh infection model was used to induce abscess formation and PFC or CLIO (cross linked ironoxides) was administered during acute or chronic phase of inflammation. 24 h after inoculation, the contrast agent accumulation was imaged at the site of infection by MRI. Measurements revealed a strong accumulation of PFC at the abscess rim at acute and chronic phase of infection. The pattern was similar to CLIO accumulation at chronic phase and formed a hollow sphere around the edema area. Histology revealed strong influx of neutrophils at the site of infection and to a smaller extend macrophages during acute phase and strong influx of macrophages at chronic phase of inflammation. Conclusion and Significance: We introduce 19 F-MRI in combination with PFC nanoemulsions as a new platform to visualize abscess formation in a murine thigh infection model of S. aureus. The possibility to track immune cells in vivo by this modality offers new opportunities to investigate host immune response, the efficacy of antibacterial therapies and th