Comparison of results of conservative method and plate fixation method for the treatment of Ruedi/allgower type 1 Pilon fractures

The aim of this study was to compare the results of cast application and plate fixation in the management of Ruedi/Allgower type I Pilon fracturesPatients and methods: Forty-two patients (24 females, 18 males) with Ruedi/Allgower type I Pilon fractures were retrospectively reviewed. Sixteen patients (Group 1) (10 females, 6 males; mean age 43 years; range 18-56) had been treated with cast application and 26 patients (Group 2) (14 females, 12 males; mean age 37.7 years; range 19-52) had been treated with plate fixation. All patients were diagnosed with X-ray. Radiologic examinations were made using Ovadia and Beal’s criteria. Long term functional results of foot and ankle were evaluated according to the Tenny and Wiss citeria. The mean follow-up period was 28 months (range 12-44) in Group 1 and 31 months (range 16-46) in Group 2.Results: Mean reduction quality score was 12 points in Group 1, and 10 points in Group 2. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). Mean long term functional results of foot and ankle scored 84 and 86 in Group 1, and Group 2, respectively (p>0.05). Time to union was not different between both groups (p>0.05).Conclusion: Although the quality of reduction obtained with cast application was not as satisfactory as plate fixation; good results could be obtained in both groups regarding long term functions

Sonlu Eleman Deplasman Yönteminin (şasi-karoseri Hesapları Üzerine) Bilgisayar Uygulaması

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1997Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 1997Bu çalışmada sonlu elemanlar yönteminin(Fe-Metodu) şasi-karoseri hesaplarında kullanılmasını incelemiştir. Bu amaçla sınırlı kapasitede çalışan bir bilgisayar programı ele alınmış ve kapasitesi arttırılarak yeniden yazılmıştır. Böylelikle program gerçeğe uygun modeller çözebilir hale getirilmiştir. Yeni programımızda çözülebilecek yapıları ifade ve veri hazırlama şeklini göstermek amacıyla bir midibüs karoseri modeli ve bir kamyon şasi modeli çözdürülmüştür. Yeni program Visual Basic programlama dilinde yazılmıştır. Verileri ve sonuçlar Excel ortamı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Böylece veri girişindeki hatalar azaltılmış, sonuçları görmek ve değerlendirmek ve gerekirse değişiklikler yapmak ve bunları tablo veya grafik halinde kolayca ifade etmek mümkün hale gelmiştir.In real design cases, generally structural systems are composed of a large assemblage of various structural elements such as beams, plates, and shells or a combination of the three. Their overall geometry becomes extremely complex and cannot be represented by a single mathematical expression. In addition, these built-up structures are intrinsically characterised as having material and structural discontinuities such as cutout, thickness variations of members etc., well as discontinuities in loading and support conditions. Given these factors, relative to the structure geometry and discontinuities, it becomes apparent that the classical methods can no longer be used, particularly those whose prerequisites are the formulation and the solution of governing differential equations. Thus, for complex structures, the analyst has to resort to more general methods of analysis where the above factors place no difficulty in their application. These methods are the finite element stiffness method and the finite element flexibility method. With the advent of high speed, large-storage-capacity digital computers, the finite element matrix methods have become one of the most widely used tools in formulations of a simultaneous set of linear algebraic equations relating forces to corresponding displacements (stiffness method) or displacements to corresponding (flexibility method) at discrete, preselected points on the structure. These methods offer many advantages: 1. Capability for complete automation 2. The structure geometry can be described easily 3. The real structure can be represented easily by a mathematical model composed of various structural elements. 4. Ability to treat anisotropic material. 5. Ability to treat discontinuities. 6. Ability to implement residual stresses, prestress conditions, and thermal loadings. 7. Ability to treat nonlinear structural problems. viii 8. Ease of handling multiple load conditions. The finite element matrix methods have gained great prominence throughout the industries owing to their unlimited applications in the solution of practical design problems of high complexity. The basic concept of the finite element matrix method in structural analysis is that the real structure can be represented by an equivalent mathematical model which consists of a discrete number of finite structural elements. The structural behaviour of each these elements may be described by different sets of functions which normally are chosen such that continuity of stresses and/or strains throughout the structure is ensured. The types of elements which are commonly used in structural idealisation are the truss, beam, two-dimensional membrane, shell and plate bending, and three dimensional solid elements. The mathematical relationships which govern the structural behaviour of an element are derived on the basis of an idealised element model. For example, once the element shape is selected, it is discretized by placing a finite number of nodes at various locations on the element surface. Generally speaking, the accuracy increases with an increase in nodal points considered on the element. Likewise, the smaller the element size, the more accurate the analytical results become for a given structural system. Note that the core storage requirement increases rapidly with an increase in the number of element nodes and the number of elements considered in a structure. In the first chapter, the concept of the design of automotive vechiles is explained as well. The headlines of the process are these:. conventional improvement duration. computer aided improvement duration. Errors in FE-method a) Principle errors b) Geometric errors c) Errors due to the material d) Errors due to the boundary conditions In the second chapter the analysis of FE-method is explained:. Coordinate system IX . Forces, displacements and their sign convention. Stiffness method concept. Formulation procedures for element structural relation ships. Element stiffness matrices. From element to system formulations. Special finite elements and global stiffness matrices for each In the third chapter, geometric models of a midibus are drawn and truck chassis data are prepared for the program. A list of the program and the solution of the models are given in the appendix. The program capacity is enlarged from an other program. The old program is in Basics and the new one is in Visual Basics. The old program is in DOS and the new one is in Excel under Windows 95 system though it can solve greater problems in less time. Note that the program solves only beam element which is a special finite element (Figure 1) Figure 1. Beam ElementYüksek LisansM.Sc

The effects of different cooking methods on some fatty acid composition in sea bass grown in marine, freshwater, and culture environments

Bu araştırmada farklı ortamlarda yetişmiş (tatlı su, deniz, kültür) levrek balıklarının üç farklı pişirme yöntemi (derin yağda kızartma, ızgarada, fırında) uygulanması sonucu yağ asitleri kompozisyonunda oluşan değişimlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Farklı ortamlarda yetişen (tatlı su, deniz, kültür)levrek balıklarına 3 farklı pişirme yöntemi (yağda, ızgarada, fırında) uygulanmıştır. Çiğ balık numuneleri dahil 4 farklı grup oluşturulmuş, uygulanan işlemler 3 tekrar olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Balıklar yıkanıp temizlendikten sonra fileto haline getirilmiş en az 500 gr olacak şekilde hazırlanmıştır. Yağ asitleri kompozisyon analizi COI/T.20/Doc.no.17 gaz kromatografik yöntem ve GC-FID cihazı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Analiz sonucunda elde edilen % yağ asitleri değerleri sırasıyla “tatlı su, deniz, kültür” levrek balıklarında ve sırasıyla “çiğ, derin yağda, ızgarada, fırında” pişirme gruplarında, omega-3; (14,78; 9,19; 13,60; 9,89), (16,41; 9,35; 15,66; 10,34), (11,76; 9,73; 11,23; 9,41), omega-6; (18,52; 46,58, 12,36; 29,83), (22,53; 30,49; 12,86; 29,81), (18,19; 30,18; 18,30; 30,34), doymuş yağ; (0,47; 0,51; 0,80; 0,38), (0,50; 0,58; 0,77; 0,50), (1,68; 1,21; 1,18; 2,03), tekli doymamış yağ; (0,93; 1,29; 0,62; 0,97), (0,79; 1,35; 0,60; 1,16), (3,22; 2,73; 2,32; 4,59), çoklu doymamış yağ; (0,70; 2,33; 0,51; 0,99), (0,93; 1,41; 0,56; 1,23), (2,45; 2,91; 1,72; 4,83), ALA; (0,33; 1,31; 0,25; 0,63), (0,38; 0,27; 0,24; 0,57), (0,42; 0,42; 0,35; 0,28), EPA; (0,02; 0,01; 0,23; 0,02), (0,03; 0,01; 0,25; 0,03), (0,01; 0,01; 0,02; 0,01), DHA; (5,72; 4,91; 10,64; 4,80), (8,26; 4,68; 12,36; 5,28), (5,47; 4,70; 5,18; 4,66) olarak tespit edilmiştir Öneri: Bütün balık grupları ve pişirme yöntemlerine göre omega-3 yönünden en uygun ızgarada pişirilmiş deniz levrekleridir. Yağda pişirilmiş tatlı su levrekleri omega-6, fırında pişirilmiş kültür levrekleri tekli ve çoklu doymamış yağlar, ızgarada pişirilmiş deniz levrekleri EPA ve DHA yönünden daha uygundur. Yağda pişirme yöntemine genel olarak kültür balıkları daha uygunken, doymuş yağ içeriği düşük diyetler için doğal tatlı su ve deniz balıkları fırında pişirme yöntemine daha uygundur. Çiğ ve pişmiş balık grupları kıyaslandığında pişirme işlemleri balıketinin yaklaşık yağ asidi bileşimleri üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir.In this study, it was aimed to investigate the changes in fatty acid composition of sea bass fish grown in different environments (wild-freshwater environment, wild-marine environment, culture) as a result of applying three different cooking methods (deep fat frying, grilling, baking). Materials and Methods: 3 different cooking methods (deep fat frying, grilling, baking) were applied to sea bass fish grown in different environments (wild freshwater environment, wild marine environment, culture). 4 different groups were formed, including raw fish samples. The procedures applied in this research were carried out in triplicate. After the fish were washed and cleaned, they were made into fillets. Samples are adjusted to a minimum of 500 g. Fatty acid composition analysis was performed using the COI / T.20 / Doc.no.17 gas chromatographic method and GC-FID device. Results: The % fatty acids values obtained as a result of the analysis were determined as follows in the "freshwater, marine, culture" sea bass fish and in the "raw, deep fat frying, grilling, baking" co-oking groups, respectively. Omega-3; (14.78; 9.19; 13.60; 9.89), (16.41; 9.35; 15.66; 10.34), (11.76; 9.73; 11.23; 9 ,41), omega-6; (18.52; 46.58, 12.36; 29.83), (22.53; 30.49; 12.86; 29.81), (18.19; 30.18; 18.30; 30 .34), saturated fat; (0.47; 0.51; 0.80; 0.38), (0.50; 0.58; 0.77; 0.50), (1.68; 1.21; 1.18; 2 .03), monounsaturated fat; (0.93; 1.29; 0.62; 0.97), (0.79; 1.35; 0.60; 1.16), (3.22; 2.73; 2.32; 4 .59), polyunsaturated fat; (0.70; 2.33; 0.51; 0.99), (0.93; 1.41; 0.56; 1.23), (2.45; 2.91; 1.72; 4 .83), ALA; (0.33; 1.31; 0.25; 0.63), (0.38; 0.27; 0.24; 0.57), (0.42; 0.42; 0.35; 0 ,28), EPA; (0.02; 0.01; 0.23; 0.02), (0.03; 0.01; 0.25; 0.03), (0.01; 0.01; 0.02; 0 .01), DHA; (5.72; 4.91; 10.64; 4.80), (8.26; 4.68; 12.36; 5.28), (5.47; 4.70; 5.18; 4 ,66). Conclusion: According to all fish groups and cooking methods, grilled wild sea bass is the most suitable in terms of omega-3. Freshwater sea bass cooked in deep fat fried is more suitable in terms of omega-6, baked cultured sea bass is more suitable in terms of mono and polyunsaturated fats, grilled wild marine sea bass is more suitable in terms of EPA and DHA. For deep fat frying methods is generally cultured fish more suitable, wild freshwater and marine fish are more suitable for oven cooking for diets low in saturated fat. When raw and cooked fish groups are compared, cooking processes have a significant effect on the approximate fatty acid composition of fish

Is it difficult to dominate the coronal and sagittal planes in convex rod rotation technique? The effect of the ucar convex rod rotation technique

WOS: 000433244300009PubMed ID: 29899772Study Design: Prospective multicenter study. Objective: To analyze the effect of the Ucar convex rod rotation technique on coronal and sagittal correction in the treatment of Lenke type I adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Summary of Background Data: Various common curve correction techniques were used in scoliosis. This report describes the efficacy of the global vertebral correction technique with convex rod rotation. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 consecutive patients with Lenke type I adolescent idiopathic scoliosis managed with Ucar convex rod rotation technique between October 2012 and September 2015 were included. The average patient age was 14.8 years at the time of surgery. Measurements of curve magnitude and balance were made on standing anteroposterior, and lateral radiographs were taken before surgery, postoperatively, and at the last follow-up to assess deformity correction, spinal balance, and complications related to instrumentation. Results: The average preoperative main thoracic angle was 64.8 degrees and was decreased to 15.5 degrees postoperatively. The average preoperative T4-T12 thoracic kyphosis was 19.6 degrees and was improved to 24.8 degrees. All patients had mildly imbalanced or balanced shoulders at the final follow-up. Conclusion: Correction rates in the coronal and sagittal planes were as acceptable as those achieved with conventional methods

Ocena budowy zatoki wieńcowej w wielodetektorowej tomografii komputerowej u chorych z nawrotnym częstoskurczem nadkomorowym

Background: In a number of previous studies it has been observed that coronary sinus (CS) ostium was larger and cannulation was easier in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT).Aim: To investigate the size and morphology of CS in AVNRT patients and compare them to those of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) patients and a control group using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), which is a non-invasive technique.Methods: Eighteen consecutive patients with AVNRT who were scheduled for catheter ablation in our institution constituted the study population. Sixteen patients with AVRT and 16 patients without supraventricular arrhythmia who underwent MDCT for other indications comprised the control group. A conventional transthoracic echocardiography was performed to all patients. The diameter of the CS at ostium as well as at 5, 10, and 15 mm inside the CS were measured on MDCT images. The CS was also categorised according to its morphology, as to whether it had a windsock shape or a tubular shape.Results: The AVNRT, AVRT and control groups were similar with regard to age, gender, body surface area and echocardiographic parameters. The size of the CS ostium was 10.9 ± 3.0, 11.1 ± 3.9 and 12.5 ± 3.6 mm for the AVNRT, AVRT and control groups, respectively (p = 0.393). There was no significant difference in the size of the CS from the ostium until 15 mm into the CS between the AVNRT, AVRT and control groups. The number of patients with windsock or tubular CS morphology were also similar between the three groups.Conclusions: Contrary to previous reports, the CS size and morphology of patients with AVNRT did not differ from that of AVRT or control patients.Wstęp: W wielu wcześniejszych badaniach obserwowano, że ujście zatoki wieńcowej (CS) było większe (co wiązało się z łatwiejszą kaniulacją) u pacjentów z nawrotnym częstoskurczem węzłowym (AVNRT).Cel: Celem badania była ocena wymiarów i morfologii CS przy użyciu nieinwazyjnego badania metodą wielodetektorowej tomografii komputerowej (MDCT) u chorych z AVNRT oraz u pacjentów z nawrotnym częstoskurczem przedsionkowo-komorowym (AVRT) i u osób z grupy kontrolnej oraz porównanie uzyskanych wartości.Metody: Grupa badana liczyła 18 kolejnych chorych z AVNRT skierowanych na przezcewnikową ablację do ośrodka autorów. Do badania włączono ponadto 16 pacjentów z AVRT i 16 osób bez nadkomorowych zaburzeń rytmu, u których istniały inne wskazania do przeprowadzenia MDCT; stanowili oni grupę kontrolną. U wszystkich pacjentów wykonano konwencjonalną echokardiografię przezprzełykową. Na podstawie obrazów MDCT określono wymiary CS na wysokości ujścia oraz 5, 10 i 15 mm w głąb. Autorzy określili kategorie budowy CS w zależności od tego, czy miała kształt stożkowaty, czy cylindryczny.Wyniki: Grupy chorych z AVNRT i AVRT oraz grupa kontrolna były podobne pod względem wieku, płci, powierzchni ciała i parametrów echokardiograficznych. Wielkość ujścia CS wynosiła 10,9 ± 3,0; 11,1 ± 3,9 i 12,5 ± 3,6 mm, odpowiednio w grupach AVNRT, AVRT i w grupie kontrolnej (p = 0,393). Nie stwierdzono istotnej różnicy w wymiarach CS na odcinku od ujścia do 15 mm w głąb między poszczególnymi grupami. Liczba chorych, u których CS miała kształt stożkowaty lub cylindryczny, była również zbliżona we wszystkich grupach.Wnioski: W przeciwieństwie do wcześniejszych doniesień, w niniejszym badaniu nie zanotowano różnic w zakresie wymiarów i budowy CS między chorymi z AVNRT a pacjentami z AVRT oraz osobami z grupy kontrolnej

Multidetector computed tomographic anatomy of the coronary sinus in patients with supraventricular reentrant tachycardia

WOS: 000329875900004PubMed: 24065377Background: In a number of previous studies it has been observed that coronary sinus (CS) ostium was larger and cannulation was easier in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Aim: To investigate the size and morphology of CS in AVNRT patients and compare them to those of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) patients and a control group using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), which is a non-invasive technique. Methods: Eighteen consecutive patients with AVNRT who were scheduled for catheter ablation in our institution constituted the study population. Sixteen patients with AVRT and 16 patients without supraventricular arrhythmia who underwent MDCT for other indications comprised the control group. A conventional transthoracic echocardiography was performed to all patients. The diameter of the CS at ostium as well as at 5, 10, and 15 mm inside the CS were measured on MDCT images. The CS was also categorised according to its morphology, as to whether it had a windsock shape or a tubular shape. Results: The AVNRT, AVRT and control groups were similar with regard to age, gender, body surface area and echocardiographic parameters. The size of the CS ostium was 10.9 +/- 3.0, 11.1 +/- 3.9 and 12.5 +/- 3.6 mm for the AVNRT, AVRT and control groups, respectively (p = 0.393). There was no significant difference in the size of the CS from the ostium until 15 mm into the CS between the AVNRT, AVRT and control groups. The number of patients with windsock or tubular CS morphology were also similar between the three groups. Conclusions: Contrary to previous reports, the CS size and morphology of patients with AVNRT did not differ from that of AVRT or control patients

Kendini örgütleyen bulanık fraktal kanı ağı mimarisinin geliştirilmesi ve çok duyuculu devinimli akıllı denetimde uygulanması

TÜBİTAK EEEAG01.03.2000Projedeki amacımız yapılaşmamış, olabilirlik (possibilistic) özelliği taşıyan belirsiz ortamlarda iş görecek, genelde çok boyutlu olan ve doğrusal olmayan sistemler için, özelde de robotlar için, çok duyuculu devinimli dağıtık sistem mimarisi yaratmaktır. Proje Kapsamımız, aşağıdaki gibi oluşturulmuştur: 1. Olabilirlik yapısına uygun bilgi ve belirsizlik modelinin oluşturulması; Biz bu projemizde geleneksel bulanık küme modelinin yanı sıra bulanık denetim hücreleri, bulanık fraktal kanı fonksiyonları modellerini gerçekleştirip uyguladık. 2. Sözü edilen modelleri kullanacak olan denetim süreçlerinin oluşturulması; 3. Belirsizlik içeren duyucularda elde edilen ve denetim için girdi oluşturacak imge işleme yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi; 4. Dağıtık Denetim ve İrdeleme Ağı yapısının oluşturulmasına temel olan süreç düğümleri arasındaki haberleşme/akı modelinin geliştirilmesi