Emotions Involved in Shopping at the Airport

This paper examines the emotional motivations that drive consumers to shop at airport retailers. Airport retailing is a rapidly growing segment as airports continue to expand retail areas and the number of passengers increase each year. With larger retail areas, airports are beginning to resemble shopping areas. However, with higher prices and consumers experiencing time and space constraints, the airport is a very unique shopping environment. This paper explored two unique emotional motivations for shopping at airports: (1) to escape the stress of travel and (2) to eliminate boredom. Analysis of the in-depth interviews led to the development of four emotional motivators and one situation motivator. These important findings provide marketing managers with a better understanding of how the unique shopping situation impacts shopping behavior, and provide direction for marketers looking to increase airport shopping by creating a more emotionally rewarding experience for customers

Emotions Involved in Shopping at the Airport

This paper examines the emotional motivations that drive consumers to shop at airport retailers. Airport retailing is a rapidly growing segment as airports continue to expand retail areas and the number of passengers increase each year. With larger retail areas, airports are beginning to resemble shopping areas. However, with higher prices and consumers experiencing time and space constraints, the airport is a very unique shopping environment. This paper explored two unique emotional motivations for shopping at airports: (1) to escape the stress of travel and (2) to eliminate boredom. Analysis of the in-depth interviews led to the development of four emotional motivators and one situation motivator. These important findings provide marketing managers with a better understanding of how the unique shopping situation impacts shopping behavior, and provide direction for marketers looking to increase airport shopping by creating a more emotionally rewarding experience for customers

Emotions Involved in Shopping at the Airport

This paper examines the emotional motivations that drive consumers to shop at airport retailers. The number of passengers served by airports increases each year, while more and more security measures are being implemented (Travel & Tourism Market Research Handbook, 2013). Travelers are required to arrive for flights earlier, thus spend much more time in the airport environment than ever before. In addition, airport retailing is a rapidly growing segment that has seen a great deal of change over the last couple of decades (Airport Council International, 2012). With expanded retail areas, many airports are beginning to resemble shopping centers. However, with higher prices and consumers experiencing time and space constraints, the airport is a uniquely different shopping environment. Therefore it is important to consider the impact of the current airport-shopping environment on consumer behavior. The proposed study considers two unique emotional motivations for shopping at airports: (1) to escape the stress of travel and (2) to eliminate boredom. Air travel has become extremely stressful over the past few decades, especially considering all the added security measures. Lengthy waits are becoming standard. Some travelers could be looking to escape this stress and ‘get out’ of the airport environment by spending time in airport retail shops. Browsing retail shops may also serve as a cure for boredom. In-depth interviews with recent air travelers will be used to gain insight into these emotional drivers, as well as identify other possible emotional drivers of airport shopping. Results would provide some initial direction for considering the impact of the current airport shopping environment on consumers. Through follow up studies, this research could eventually be used to provide specific recommendations for marketers looking to increase airport shopping by creating a more emotionally rewarding experience for customers

Differential maternal investment across European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) clutches

1 online resource (41 pages) : illustrations (some colour), mapIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (pages 35-41).Most passerine species begin incubating their clutches once the penultimate egg is laid, allowing for asynchronous hatching of nestlings. This results in delayed development by 24 hours or more of the nestling hatching from the last-laid egg. The brood survival hypothesis postulates that maternal investment into this last-laid egg increases such it will be larger relative to other eggs in the clutch to compensate for delayed development initiated by asynchronous hatching. Alternatively, the brood reduction hypothesis states that maternal investment into the last-laid egg decreases such that it will be smaller relative to the rest of the clutch, allowing this smallest nestling to act as an insurance policy whose survival depends on food availability during the breeding season. Ample food will allow this nestling to survive, while food scarcity will cause it to die without risking the entire brood. European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are cavity-nesting, groundfeeding passerines who eat terrestrial invertebrates. They exhibit biparental care of asynchronously-hatched young and typically have two clutches in a season. The objective of this study was to determine whether female European Starlings laid a larger or smaller last-laid egg relative to the rest of the clutch. I predicted that females would follow a brood reduction strategy due to unpredictable food availability. I studied 189 clutches over five years and found that, as predicted, the last-laid eggs laid by females were significantly smaller than other eggs in the clutch. Late clutches were significantly smaller than early-season clutches, but last-laid eggs did not differ in mass from last-laid eggs in early clutches, nor did the mean mass of all other eggs differ. Adoption of the brood reduction strategy in European starlings is likely due to fluctuating food availability; a decrease in clutch size may reflect the typical downward trend of food abundance throughout the breeding season

Please Walk on This: Gutai and the Emergence of Walkable Art

This essay traces the emergence of ‘walkable art’, a term used to describe works of fine art made to be walked on by audiences. Focusing on the two earliest examples of such works, created respectively by Gutai artists Shōzō Shimamoto and Akira Kanayama in 1955 and 1956, it argues that the rise of walkable art evinced an attempt to mediate the reconstruction of human subjectivity in postwar Japan through a close engagement with bipedalism. By offering a new model for conceptualising a spectator’s relationship to ground-based works, the category of walkable art that emerged in mid-1950s Japan challenges canonical, Euroamerican-centric narratives of horizontality. It also attests to the expanded interest among postwar artists from the Americas, Asia and Europe in using the ground to develop new approaches for displaying and experiencing art

Effect of Deer Density on Breeding Birds in Delaware

Previous research has suggested that high deer densities negatively impact bird communities. Most of this research was conducted using a very high deer density compared to no deer. Our research investigated deer impacts across a density gradient to determine an appropriate density for deer management efforts. Using Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data from 2005- 2006 and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) deer density data for the same time period, we compared avian richness and relative abundance for BBS points to deer density in Delaware. We divided deer densities into 3 categories: low (\u3c12 deer/km2), medium (12-23 deer/km2) and high (\u3e23 deer/km2). We placed birds into the following deer-sensitive guilds: interior obligates, forest ground nesters, shrub nesters, ground gleaners, low canopy foragers, and tropical migrants. The species richness of ground gleaners was higher in high deer densities (F1.36 = 17.05, P = 0.0002). No other guilds\u27 species richness was affected. The relative abundances of ground gleaners (F1.36 = 25.60, P = \u3c0.0001) and tropical migrants (F1.36 = 4.11, P = 0.0501) were lowest in low deer densities. Relative abundance of wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) was also lowest in low deer densities (F1.36 = 21.60, P = \u3c0.0001). Richness and abundance of all guilds were positively influenced by the percent forest cover within a 50 m buffer. The effects of deer density on these bird communities were generally opposite of what past literature has suggested. In order to better understand this trend I have also conducted 618 of my own point counts and corresponding vegetation surveys throughout Delaware. This data was collected from May- August 2008 and will be repeated in the summer of 2009

Measurements in a compressible planar shear layer with a thermal gradient

Experiments on a compressible planar shear layer with a sharp thermal gradient between the mixing streams were conducted with the goal of adding to a set of benchmark computational fluid dynamics validation datasets for unheated mixing layers as well as obtaining the first temperature measurements within this kind of shear layer. The shear layer itself was a dual-stream air mixing layer with a convective Mach number of 0.541 and a stagnation temperature difference of about 200 K between the streams. A preexisting mixing layer facility was modified to provide for the addition of the heated stream while maintaining the original operational capacities of the facility. Three-component velocity fields along the central streamwise-transverse plane of the shear layer were obtained through the use of stereo-particle image velocimetry. Even with the novel stagnation temperature gradient, it was found that there were minor to negligible effects on the turbulence or mean velocity fields compared to previous similar investigations into the compressible shear layer, albeit with a higher shear layer growth rate. Temperature probe traverses throughout the shear layer were obtained at different streamwise points, as well as static pressure measurements along the entire test section side-wall. Schlieren visualizations in the form of high-speed videos as well as instantaneous images were also obtained, giving additional qualitative insight. Temperature field measurements were made via Filtered Rayleigh Scattering along the central streamwise-transverse plane, and the mean transverse profiles of those temperature fields calculated. It was found that the temperature field of the thermal mixing layer becomes fully self-similar much closer to the splitter plate in the streamwise direction than that of the velocity field. This work provides a basis for future studies to build upon and to further investigate compressible shear layers with gradients in stagnation temperature between the streams

Scrum como herramienta metodológica para el aprendizaje de la programación

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el impacto de la utilización de la metodología de desarrollo de software Scrum, como una técnica que permite reforzar las estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje utilizadas en la enseñanza de nivel superior en la asignatura de Programación II, en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de una universidad privada. El proyecto ha proporcionado datos suficientes que permiten estimar que la aplicación de la metodología Scrum tiene un impacto positivo como refuerzo en el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, ofreciendo una alternativa innovadora a las estrategias tradicionales utilizadas por las cátedras donde se realizó el experimento.VIII Workshop Innovación en Educación en Informática.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

SCRUM as a methodological tool for programming learning

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el impacto de la utilización de la metodología de desarrollo de software SCRUM, como una técnica que permite reforzar las estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje utilizadas en la educación superior en la asignatura de Programación II, en el aprendizaje percibido de los estudiantes en una universidad privada. A partir de una intervención, consistente en la implementación de la metodología SCRUM como estrategia de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la programación, y de la recolección de datos referidos al aprendizaje percibido de los estudiantes mediante una escala construida y validada por Tumino y Bournissen, el estudio ha proporcionado datos que permiten estimar que la aplicación de la metodología SCRUM utilizada tiene un impacto positivo en el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, ofreciendo una alternativa innovadora a las estrategias tradicionales utilizadas por la cátedra donde se desarrolló la experiencia.The objective of this study was to know the impact of the use of the SCRUM software development methodology, as a technique that allows reinforcing the teaching and learning strategies used in higher education in the subject of Programming II, in the perceived learning of students at a private university. Based on an intervention, consisting of the implementation of the SCRUM methodology as a programming teaching and learning strategy, and the collection of data referring to the perceived learning of students through a scale constructed and validated by Tumino and Bournissen, the study has provided data that allow estimating that the application of the SCRUM methodology has a positive impact on the students' learning process, offering an innovative alternative to the traditional strategies used in the courses where the experience was developed.Facultad de Informátic

Scrum como herramienta metodológica para el aprendizaje de la programación

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el impacto de la utilización de la metodología de desarrollo de software Scrum, como una técnica que permite reforzar las estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje utilizadas en la enseñanza de nivel superior en la asignatura de Programación II, en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de una universidad privada. El proyecto ha proporcionado datos suficientes que permiten estimar que la aplicación de la metodología Scrum tiene un impacto positivo como refuerzo en el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, ofreciendo una alternativa innovadora a las estrategias tradicionales utilizadas por las cátedras donde se realizó el experimento.VIII Workshop Innovación en Educación en Informática.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic