Risk and Resilience: Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Factors Influencing Adolescent Peer Rejection and Depression

This study aimed to examine James C. Coyne’s (1976) interpersonal theory of depression, which supposes that individuals with depression engage in aversive behaviors, causing those around them to reject the relationship in a group of adolescents aged 11-18 (N = 82). Data from the North Yarmouth Academy Peer Project, collected by Dr. Rebecca Schwartz-Mette was used to assess the effect of peer rejection on adolescent depressive symptoms. Participants were surveyed on a number of scales rating emotional adjustment, psychosocial function, internalizing problems, and friendship behaviors. Moderator variables, including three interpersonal behaviors (excessive reassurance-seeking, negative feedback-seeking, conversational self-focus) and one social-cognitive factor (rejection sensitivity) were tested for their effects on this interaction. To examine primary hypotheses regarding the trajectories of depressive symptoms, multiple linear regression analyses were used. Moderated regression analyses tested whether the trajectories were moderated by hypothesized moderator variables. Results of the current study indicated mean-level gender differences in depressive symptoms, mean-level grade group differences in depressive symptoms, correlational linkage with total friends to depressive symptoms, and correlational linkage of depressive symptoms to moderator variables. Results did not indicate significant main effects for the relationship of depressive symptoms with peer rejection

Digital Detox - Addressing the Issue of Screen Addiction in Millennials

This conclusive study is based upon a project of a social awareness campaign designed to reduce screen time in older children and Millennials. This is achieved through the uses of all modern aspects of a campaign: posters, advertisements (social and print), as well as a trio of posters that explain the concept of the campaign. Lastly, this all pulls together with the intended use of both a microsite and mobile app

Age-Related Changes to Bone Microarchitecture in a Non-weight Bearing Bone

This study explored the relationship between age, sex and bone microarchitecture. Using high-resolution images, we may better understand the factors affecting different aspects of bone microstructure. Statistical support was provided for the quantitative differences in bone microarchitecture between the sexes. The significant differences noted in Canal Volume (Ca.V), Cortical Porosity (Ca.V/TV), Canal Surface (Ca.S) and Canal Surface to Tissue Volume (Ca.S/TV) offer several interesting points when compared with pre-existing literature. All four parameters listed above that reported significance did so with respect to sex, in that each parameter differed between sexes. However, no significant difference was noted among age within either sex. The biggest problem regarding the efficacy of this study was the small sample size for each age group. For any given age group, the sample size was not larger than 2 for each sex. This made it difficult to determine the effects of age on bone microstructure within one sex quantitatively. This may be due to the large of variation in the parameters we tested for. Support for age-related changes in bone microarchitecture within one sex, and additional support for changes between sex may be provided in the future when using a larger sample size

Flame Tube Testing of a GEA TAPS Injector: Effects of Fuel Staging on Combustor Fuel Spray Patterns, Flow Structure, and Speciation

This paper presents results in which we compare fuel staging and its effect on fuel spray pattern, velocity and speciation during combustion for several inlet conditions using a GE TAPS injector configuration. Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF), particle image velocimetry (PIV) and phase Doppler interferometry (PDI) were used to investigate spray patterns and velocity. The 2D PIV provides slices in the flow of axial-vertical or axial horizontal velocity components. With 3D PDI, we obtained 3 components of velocity, and fuel drop sizes. Chemiluminescence imaging and spontaneous Raman scattering (SRS) were used to investigate flame structure, species location and relative species concentration. Phase Doppler and PIV data were acquired using scatter from fuel droplets; therefore, those data were obtained only at the pilot-only test points. Raman measurements were acquired only at 10/90 split points to avoid droplets

Chemiluminescence Measurements in a Combustor Using a 7-Point Lean Direct Injector Array Configuration for Gas Turbine Engine Applications

Two different configurations of a 7-point lean direct injector array were investigated. Chemiluminescence images of C2* or CH* were collected during combustion tests for insight on flame structure for the two configurations. Several inlet conditions were tested by varying the equivalence ratio or reference velocity. For the center right-hand 60 degree and outer right-hand 52 degree outers, the chemiluminescence emanating from the central pilot appeared well isolated from the outers. At the same time, a hollow region below the pilot showed little fluctuation of chemiluminescence where a central recirculation zone was present during the non-reacting tests. The central left-hand 60 degree and outer right-hand 52 degree configuration displayed a narrower structure from the pilot compared to the flatter pilot observed in the other configuration. Additionally, the right-handed outer swirlers may be responsible for the asymmetry observed with the chemiluminescence images. Both configurations showed less variation in chemiluminescence intensity as the reference velocity was increased. This was likely due to better atomization and vaporization associated with higher fuel and air flow rates

Optical Characterization of Fuel Injection in a Flame Tube Combustor Using a GE TAPS Injector Configuration

This paper presents results in which we compare fuel staging and its effect on fuel spray pattern, velocity and speciation during combustion for several inlet conditions using a GE TAPS injector configuration. Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF), particle image velocimetry (PIV) and phase Doppler interferometry (PDI) were used to investigate spray patterns and velocity. The 2D PIV provides slices in the flow of axial-vertical or axial horizontal velocity components. With 3D PDI, we obtained 3 components of velocity, and fuel drop sizes. Chemiluminescence imaging and spontaneous Raman scattering (SRS) were used to investigate flame structure, species location and relative species concentration. Phase Doppler and PIV data were acquired using scatter from fuel droplets; therefore, those data were obtained only at the pilot-only test points. Raman measurements were acquired only at 10/90 split points to avoid droplets

Evidence Suggesting that Ivory-billed Woodpeckers (Campephilus principalis) Exist in Florida

The Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) disappeared from the forests of southeastern North America in the early 20th Century and for more than 50 years has been widely considered extinct. On 21 May 2005, we detected a bird that we identified as an Ivory-billed Woodpecker in the mature swamp forest along the Choctawhatchee River in the panhandle of Florida. During a subsequent year of research, members of our small search team observed birds that we identified as Ivory-billed Woodpeckers on 14 occasions. We heard sounds that matched descriptions of Ivory-billed Woodpecker acoustic signals on 41 occasions. We recorded 99 putative double knocks and 210 putative kent calls. We located cavities in the size range reported for Ivory-billed Woodpeckers and larger than those of Pileated Woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) that have been reported in the literature or that we measured in Alabama. We documented unique foraging signs consistent with the feeding behavior of Ivory-billed Woodpeckers. Our evidence suggests that Ivory-billed Woodpeckers may be present in the forests along the Choctawhatchee River and warrants an expanded search of this bottomland forest habitat

Response of Obligate Birds to Mechanical Manipulations in a Sagebrush Ecosystem Near Gunnison, Colorado

Sagebrush ecosystems across western North America have declined in productivity and biodiversity with significant declines in sagebrush obligate birds. Mechanical methods to reduce sagebrush canopy cover and encourage herbaceous undergrowth have been implemented to restore sagebrush ecosystems. How these treatments affect sagebrush obligate birds has not been documented. In this study, we hypothesized that nesting success would decline in mechanically treated (mowed and dixie harrowed) plots immediately and for two years after treatment. Twelve 6-ha plots within the South Parlin Common Allotment in the Gunnison Basin, Colorado were established in 2005. Four replicates of untreated (control), mowed and disked (dixie harrow) plots were sampled in 2005 (pre-treatment) and in 2006 and 2007. We located nests using the systematic walk and incidental flush method. We revisited nests every three to five days to determine nest fate. We located 142 nests of nine species in 90 nest searches and expended over 600 man hours. Mayfield nest success (proportion of nests that successfully hatch at least one young) and clutch size were similar among treatments. Nest success of artificial nests also was similar among treatments. Predation was the leading cause of nest failure accounting for 71 to 77 percent of all nest failures and small mammals were implicated in 76 percent of the depredations. Least chipmunks may have been the principle predator of sagebrush bird nests in our study. Small scale mechanical treatments to restore sagebrush apparently do not negatively affect sagebrush birds within two years post-treatment, but longer duration studies and larger sample sizes are required to better assess the impact of treatments on sagebrush avifauna

Fundamental Study of a 7-Element Fuel Injector Configuration for Gas Turbine Combustors - A Look at Cold Flow and Burning Measurements

Lean direct injection (LDI) is a combustion concept to reduce oxides of nitrogen (NOx) for next generation aircraft gas turbine engines. These newer engines have cycles that increase fuel efficiency through increased operating pressures, which increase combustor inlet temperatures. NOx formation rates increase with higher temperatures, and the LDI strategy is to avoid high temperature by staying fuel lean and away from stoichiometric burning. Thus, LDI relies on rapid and uniform fuel/air mixing. Additionally, in combustors for smaller core engines, the area and volume bring about mixing and time scale challenges not found in larger engines. As part of our parametric study in which we vary swirler angle and orientation and look at their effect on fluid mixing and combustion, we examine one configuration of a 7-point lean direct injector by looking at the non-combusting 2-D velocity field using PIV, and combusting system for chemical species using chemiluminescent imaging and flame spectroscopy. The circular 7-point array consists of axial swirlers, with the center 60 swirler surrounded by six 52 swirlers. The velocity results for this configuration show that the outer swirlers serve to isolate the center flow field near the injector exit. A recirculation zone forms downstream of the center swirler, but not behind the outer swirlers. The combusting results also show an isolated zone directly downstream of the center injector. The flame spectra show variation in speciation of combustion species such as OH*, C3*, CH*, and C2* as a function of position within the combustor