Method Development and Validation for Quantification of Residual Solvents in Atorvastatin Calcium Drug Substance by GC-HS Using Fid Detector

A proficient GC-HS method was developed for quantification of THIRTEEN residual solvents in Atorvastatin Calcium drugs substance with flame ionization detector (FID) using column Rtx-624, (60m length X 0.25mm diameter) 1.4µm film thickness, Part No.: 10969, Make: Restek.  Nitrogen is used as Carrier gas with Linear velocity of 27.7cm/se on Shimadzu /GC-2010 Plus/HS-20 instrument. The proposed method was validated for System suitability, Specificity, Linearity, LOD and LOQ determination, Recovery, Precision, Range and Robustness. All the parameters were found within the acceptable limits. Linearity of all thirteen residual solvents are in the range of LOQ to 150%. The established methodology was commercially useful, specific, accurate, precise and suitable for the analysis of Residual solvents in Atorvastatin Calcium drug substance

Assessment of the outcome of fracture intertrochanteric femur treated by trochanteric fixation nail in the elderly population

Background: Intertrochanteric fractures femur in elderly population are more commonly forbidden high morbidity. The surgical stabilization together with early rehabilitation is the main challenge. The elderly population have poor bone mass quality and also the chances of complications like nonunion or implant failure are more with conventional procedures. Stable fixation and early rehabilitation is the main aim in intertrochanteric fractures. The aim is to assess the functional outcome of intertrochanteric fractures femur managed by trochanteric fixation nail (TFN) in the elderly population.Methods: The study includes 40 patients, 30 male and 10 female, with fracture intertrochanteric femur treated with TFN from September 2018 to May 2019 at Yashoda Superspeciality Hospital, Nehrunagar, Ghaziabad. The patients were evaluated at 4, 8, 12 weeks postoperatively and assessed by the Modified Harris hip score. Classification used is AO classification.Results: The mean age of patients was 64 years. The mean duration of surgery was 48±10 min. The Harris hip score was 96.90±4.60, which is better than scores from other implants used for intertrochanteric fractures femur.Conclusions: In this study, we conclude that TFN is a good choice in managing the intertrochanteric fractures, having higher bone union rate and less union time. The period of immobilization is decreased, early weight bearing and less complications

Pan-phylum comparison of nematode metabolic potential

<div><p>Nematodes are among the most important causative pathogens of neglected tropical diseases. The increased availability of genomic and transcriptomic data for many understudied nematode species provides a great opportunity to investigate different aspects of their biology. Increasingly, metabolic potential of pathogens is recognized as a critical determinant governing their development, growth and pathogenicity. Comparing metabolic potential among species with distinct trophic ecologies can provide insights on overall biology or molecular adaptations. Furthermore, ascertaining gene expression at pathway level can help in understanding metabolic dynamics over development. Comparison of biochemical pathways (or subpathways, i.e. pathway modules) among related species can also retrospectively indicate potential mistakes in gene-calling and functional annotation. We show with numerous illustrative case studies that comparisons at the level of pathway modules have the potential to uncover biological insights while remaining computationally tractable. Here, we reconstruct and compare metabolic modules found in the deduced proteomes of 13 nematodes and 10 non-nematode species (including hosts of the parasitic nematode species). We observed that the metabolic potential is, in general, concomitant with phylogenetic and/or ecological similarity. Varied metabolic strategies are required among the nematodes, with only 8 out of 51 pathway modules being completely conserved. Enzyme comparison based on topology of metabolic modules uncovered diversification between parasite and host that can potentially guide therapeutic intervention. Gene expression data from 4 nematode species were used to study metabolic dynamics over their life cycles. We report unexpected differential metabolism between immature and mature microfilariae of the human filarial parasite <i>Brugia malayi</i>. A set of genes potentially important for parasitism is also reported, based on an analysis of gene expression in <i>C</i>. <i>elegans</i> and the human hookworm <i>Necator americanus</i>. We illustrate how analyzing and comparing metabolism at the level of pathway modules can improve existing knowledge of nematode metabolic potential and can provide parasitism related insights. Our reconstruction and comparison of nematode metabolic pathways at a pan-phylum and inter-phylum level enabled determination of phylogenetic restrictions and differential expression of pathways. A visualization of our results is available at <a href="http://nematode.net" target="_blank">http://nematode.net</a> and the program for identification of module completeness (modDFS) is freely available at SourceForge. The methods reported will help biologists to predict biochemical potential of any organism with available deduced proteome, to direct experiments and test hypotheses.</p></div

An Interesting Case of Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Mimicking Interstitial Lung Disease

Hypoxemic respiratory failure is a rare presentation of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Though tuberculous acuterespiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is well documented in medical literature, non-ARDS respiratory failure is seldomreported in active pulmonary TB. We herein report a case, which posed a diagnostic dilemma as it clinically mimickedinterstitial lung disease. Imaging showed unilateral localized smooth interlobular septal thickening along with consolidationwithout significant mediastinal lymphadenopathy. To the best of our knowledge, this rare radiological finding has not beenreported in medical literature as being associated with hypoxemic respiratory failure in pulmonary TB patients

Determination and uncertainty analysis of inorganic arsenic in rice by UHPLC-ICPMS

The present study arose from the need of to determine inorganic arsenic (iAs) at low levels in rice. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ICPMS) using Kinetic Energy Discrimination (KED) mode to eliminate spectral interferences was used for analysis of iAs. Sample preparation involves extraction of inorganic arsenic (sum of As3+ and As5+) with water by heating at 90 °C for 5 min in water bath. Separation is accomplished with a reversed-phase ion pack column using a gradient chromatographic method followed by ICPMS analysis within 5 min. The method was validated in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 836/2011 and performance characteristics were verifi ed. Acceptable values were obtained for specifi city, repeatability (HorRatr < 0.6), within-lab reproducibility (HorRatR < 0.3) with recovery 80-90%, limit of quantifi cation (0.02 mg/ kg), fi tness-for-purpose and trueness (using CRM); thus, the method can be considered for offi cial control purposes

Unguided bronchoscopic biopsy: Does yield increase with operator experience

BackgroundBronchoscopic Forceps biopsy (Endobronchial Biopsy (EBB) and Trans Bronchial Lung Biopsy (TBLB)) are commonly performed for diagnosis in patients with endobronchial abnormalities or diffuse parenchymal involvement. As the operator gains experience his yield of various diagnostic bronchoscopic biopsies is expected to increase, however, no studies on the subject are available in literature.AimsTo determine the effect of on- job experience on the yield of unguided bronchoscopic biopsies.Methods A total of 244 bronchoscopies were performed between Oct 2013 and Oct 2016. A retrospective analysis of all these bronchoscopies was undertaken. All patients who underwent biopsy were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups with first group (Group A) comprising of biopsies done between Oct 2013 to Apr 2015 and second group comprising biopsies done between May 2015 to Oct 2016 (Group B). The diagnostic yield in two groups was compared.Results Total 71 bronchoscopic biopsies were performed during Oct 2013 to Oct 2016. 36 patients were included in group A and 35 patients were included in group B. The groups were matched in demographic profile, clinical diagnosis, bronchoscopic findings and type of biopsy undertaken. The biopsy was diagnostic in 31 patient (43.6 per cent) and non-diagnostic in 33 patients (46.4 per cent). There were 15 diagnostic biopsies in group A and 16 diagnostic biopsies in group B. The difference in the diagnostic biopsies between the two groups was not significant.ConclusionThere was no significant impact of on job experience on diagnostic yield of biopsies. This may be due to adequate exposure during training leading to a diagnostic plateau being reached

Insights into Onchocerca volvulus population biology through multilocus immunophenotyping

We have developed a serologically based immunophenotyping approach to study Onchocerca volvulus (Ov) population diversity. Using genomic sequence data and polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping, we identified nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes of 16 major immunogenic Ov proteins: Ov-CHI-1/Ov-CHI-2, Ov16, Ov-FAR-1, Ov-CPI-1, Ov-B20, Ov-ASP-1, Ov-TMY-1, OvSOD1, OvGST1, Ov-CAL-1, M3/M4, Ov-RAL-1, Ov-RAL-2, Ov-ALT-1, Ov-FBA-1, and Ov-B8. We assessed the immunoreactivity of onchocerciasis patient sera (n = 152) from the Americas, West Africa, Central Africa, and East Africa against peptides derived from 10 of these proteins containing SNPs. Statistically significant variation in immunoreactivity among the regions was seen in SNP-containing peptides derived from 8 of 10 proteins tested: OVOC1192(1-15), OVOC9988(28-42), OVOC9225(320-334), OVOC7453(22-36), OVOC11517(14-28), OVOC3177(283-297), OVOC7911(594-608), and OVOC12628(174-188). Our data show that differences in immunoreactivity to variant antigenic peptides may be used to characterize Ov populations, thereby elucidating features of Ov population biology previously inaccessible because of the limited availability of parasite material

Conservation and diversification of the transcriptomes of adult Paragonimus westermani and P. skrjabini

Gene Ontology term enrichment among transcript sets of interest from P. westermani and P. skrjabini. (XLSX 42 kb