Finitely many-valued paraconsistent systems

In the paper n-valued paraconsistent matrices are defined by an adaptation of the well-known Łukasiewicz’s matrices. An appropriate set of axioms is presented and the 3-valued case is examined

Społeczno-ekonomiczne aspekty zrównoważonego rozwoju w ujęciu globalnym i lokalnym

The article presents selected issues of the problems connected with the sustainable development within the global and local perspective. It summarizes the economic aspects of the broadly understood growth process and the socio-economic development. It discusses the possibility of reaching the harmony between the economical activity of the man, the consumption and the ability of the natural environment to exist and restore itself. One of the ways to reach the balance between the production, consumption and the natural environment is recycling, treated as an essential element of the mutual dependencies of dynamic relation between theses spheres, and thus at the same time an important condition of the human society existence, both in the global and the local dimension. The article emphasizes the need to understand recycling not only in the technical-organizing aspects, but also in the broader perspective – linking the economical and social aspects. Acquiring the secondary resources in the recycling process lowers the negative loads of the natural environment, being one of the important aspects of the sustainable development, based on the constant balance between the three capitals: economical, human, and environmental. The summary of the selected issues connected with the socio-economic aspects of the sustainable development shows that the broadly understood ecological problems should be discussed within a profounder human, social and philosophical perspective, and thus it should cover the spheres of: values, attitudes, behaviors, as well the ecological consciousness.Artykuł prezentuje wybrane zagadnienia z zakresu problematyki zrównoważonego rozwoju ujęte w perspektywie globalnej i lokalnej. Przedstawia w sposób przeglądowy aspekty ekologiczne szeroko rozumianego procesu wzrostu i rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego. Rozważa możliwość osiągnięcia harmonii między działalnością gospodarczą człowieka, konsumpcją a zdolnością środowiska naturalnego do trwania i odnawiania się. Jednym ze sposobów osiągnięcia równowagi między produkcją, konsumpcją a środowiskiem naturalnym jest recykling, traktowany jako zasadniczy element dynamicznego układu wzajemnych zależności między tymi sferami, będący tym samym ważnym warunkiem przetrwania ludzkiej społeczności zarówno w wymiarze globalnym jak i lokalnym. W artykule podkreśla się konieczność ujmowania recyklingu nie tylko w kategoriach techniczno-organizacyjnych, ale w szerszej perspektywie – łączącej aspekty ekonomiczne i społeczne. Pozyskiwanie surowców wtórnych w procesie recyklingu zmniejsza negatywne obciążenia środowiska naturalnego, będąc jednym z ważnych aspektów zrównoważonego rozwoju, opartego na trwałej równowadze między trzema rodzajami kapitału: ekonomicznym, ludzkim i przyrodniczym. Przegląd wybranych zagadnień związanych ze społeczno-ekonomicznymi aspektami zrównoważonego rozwoju pokazuje, że szeroko rozumiana problematyka ekologiczna powinna być ujmowana w pogłębionej perspektywie humanistycznej, socjologicznej i filozoficznej, a tym samym dotykać sfery wartości, postaw, zachowań, a także świadomości ekologicznej

Joseph E. Brenner, "Logic in Reality", Springer, 2008

Book Reviews: Joseph E. Brenner, "Logic in Reality", Springer, 2008, ISBN 978-1-4020-8374-

Russian Validation of Homophobia Scale (HS)

Introduction: A three-factors self-reporting questionnaire, consisting of 25 items, related to behavior/negative affect, affect/behavioral aggression, and negative cognition towards homosexual people, was administered to a sample of 200 farmer workers recruited in various ways from two Bryansk and Kursk regions of Russian Federation. Aim: The objective of this paper is to validate the HS in the Russian sample in Russian language. Methods: A Russian translation of the HS was carried out by two bilingual translators, after which an English native translated the Russian test back into the English language. Main Outcome Measures: Together with the translated version of HS was administrated a biodata questionnaire including the main information as age, level of education, partnership status, faith and sex orientation. Results : Analyzing obtained data of 200 subjects (100 (50%) female and 100 (50%) male) with ages ranging from 18 to 50 years (mean age = 21.19±2.65; SD: 8.82) showed an overall Cronbach's α coefficient 0.92 of the internal consistency. All three domains had a good alpha coefficient (three higher than .91), whereas in the total score was .87. The test-retest reliability results: behavior/negative affect was r = 0.79 (P < 0.0001), affect/behavioral aggression was r = 0.82 (P < 0.0001), negative cognition was r = 0.74 (P < 0.0001) and the HS total score was r = 0.93 (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: This study offers a new tool to assess homophobia in Russian population. The Russian validation of the HS in Russian language revealed the use of this self-report test to have good psychometric properties. Therefore, this scale is a necessary diagnostic instrument to detect subtle homophobic attitudes toward homosexual people and useful in the preventive programs of homophobic behavior, in the clinical praxis

Clock genes and their genomic distributions in three species of salmonid fishes: Associations with genes regulating sexual maturation and cell cycling

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Clock family genes encode transcription factors that regulate clock-controlled genes and thus regulate many physiological mechanisms/processes in a circadian fashion. Clock1 duplicates and copies of Clock3 and NPAS2-like genes were partially characterized (genomic sequencing) and mapped using family-based indels/SNPs in rainbow trout (RT)(<it>Oncorhynchus mykiss</it>), Arctic charr (AC)(<it>Salvelinus alpinus</it>), and Atlantic salmon (AS)(<it>Salmo salar</it>) mapping panels.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Clock1 duplicates mapped to linkage groups RT-8/-24, AC-16/-13 and AS-2/-18. Clock3/NPAS2-like genes mapped to RT-9/-20, AC-20/-43, and AS-5. Most of these linkage group regions containing the Clock gene duplicates were derived from the most recent 4R whole genome duplication event specific to the salmonids. These linkage groups contain quantitative trait loci (QTL) for life history and growth traits (i.e., reproduction and cell cycling). Comparative synteny analyses with other model teleost species reveal a high degree of conservation for genes in these chromosomal regions suggesting that functionally related or co-regulated genes are clustered in syntenic blocks. For example, anti-müllerian hormone (amh), regulating sexual maturation, and ornithine decarboxylase antizymes (oaz1 and oaz2), regulating cell cycling, are contained within these syntenic blocks.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Synteny analyses indicate that regions homologous to major life-history QTL regions in salmonids contain many candidate genes that are likely to influence reproduction and cell cycling. The order of these genes is highly conserved across the vertebrate species examined, and as such, these genes may make up a functional cluster of genes that are likely co-regulated. CLOCK, as a transcription factor, is found within this block and therefore has the potential to cis-regulate the processes influenced by these genes. Additionally, clock-controlled genes (CCGs) are located in other life-history QTL regions within salmonids suggesting that at least in part, trans-regulation of these QTL regions may also occur via Clock expression.</p