Mineralogy and stable isotope geochemistry of the Ab Ask travertines in Damavand geothermal field, Northeast Tehran, Iran

Abstract The Ab Ask mineral springs are located 85 km northeast of Tehran, in the southern range of the Damavand volcano. Deposits of these calcareous springs are mainly precipitated as travertine. Petrographical, mineralogical, and stable isotope studies were conducted on different types of travertine to determine their genesis and factors that govern carbonate precipitation. Based on sedimentation consequence and lithofacies these travertines are categorized as first type (fresh travertine), second type (fissure-ridge, dam, and cascade), and third type (laminated) travertines, illustrating a specific condition of formation, deposition and diagenesis. Combined XRD and microscopic investigations show that the Ab Ask travertines are is composed of about 95 % calcite and a minor amount of quartz along with iron oxide impurities. The origin and transport of springs water from which travertine was precipitated are elucidated by 13C and 18O isotopic studies of the travertines. δ18O and δ13C values of travertines increase (from −13.0 to −6.3% VPDB and from 6 to 9.8% VPDB, respectively) with increasing distance from the spring orifice. This significant increase is attributed to temperature decrease, rapid degassing of CO2, and biological activities. It seems that CO2 content of these fluids may have originated from limestone decarbonation. Based on the integrated petrographic and stable isotope study, the Ab Ask travertines can could be thermogenic in origin

Variación de las características mecánicas de armaduras de alta ductilidad B500SD en función de su grado de corrosión / Mechanical properties variation of B500SD high ductility reinforcement regarding its corrosion degree

Los efectos de la corrosión sobre las armaduras se manifiestan por la pérdida de sección y la variación de las propiedades mecánicas relacionadas con la ductilidad. En este trabajo se han ensayado a tracción 96 barras de acero B500SD que previamente se han sometido a niveles variables de corrosión. Los resultados muestran que los alargamientos de las barras disminuyen y el cociente entre la tensión máxima y el límite elástico aumenta conforme el nivel de corrosión avanza. A partir del estudio del efecto de entalla y de la distinta constitución metalográfica del acero a nivel de sección debido a su procedimiento de fabricación se pueden explicar los fenómenos anteriores

Geochemistry and zeolitization of tuffs in Zarrin Dasht mining area (Firuzkuh, Central Alborz)

The Zarrin Dasht region is located in Tehran province, between Damavand and Firuzkuh cities. This region with 10 Km2 area belongs to Central-Alborz zone. On the base of petrographic and geochemical studies, the volcaniclastic rocks of the Zarrin Dasht area are trachyte, dacite, rhyodacite and rhyolite. Petrographic evidence as well as XRD analyses point to the presence of glass and crystallization quartz, clinoptilolite, analcime, natrolite, heulandite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite and chlorite. Texture of tuffs is vitrophyric. Based on the geochemical data, these rocks are calk-alkaline and metaluminous to peraluminous composition. Primitive mantle-normalized and chondrite-normalized trace elements and rare earth elements patterns indicate enrichment in LREE and LILE and depletion in HREE and HFSE with pronounced negative anomalies in Eu, Ba, Nb, Ti, Sr and P in the Zarrin Dasht samples. Samples position on the various tectonic setting discrimination diagrams demonstrate that these rocks were formed in environment related to subduction in active continental margins. Chlorites, are present in the rock context and also relatively filled cavities as amygdaloidal, while analcime was mainly distributed in the rock context. It seems these minerals are the result of recrystallization of volcanic glasses such as shard in the rock. Secondary minerals can be considered as a burial diagenesis and low-grade metamorphism in the studied tuffs that occurred under the upper floor pressure

Not Quite Right: Representations of Eastern Europeans in ECJ Discourse

Although the increasing responsiveness of the Court of Justice of the European Union (the ‘ECJ’) jurisprudence to western Member States’ concerns regarding Central and Eastern European (‘CEE’) nationals’ mobility has garnered academic attention, ECJ discourse has not been scrutinised for how it approaches the CEE region or CEE movers. Applying postcolonial theory, this article seeks to fill this gap and to explore whether there are any indications that ECJ discourse is in line with the historical western-centric inferiorisation of the CEE region. A critical discourse analysis of a set of ECJ judgments and corresponding Advocate General opinions pertaining to CEE nationals illustrates not only how the ECJ adopts numerous discursive strategies to maintain its authority, but also how it tends to prioritise values of the western Member States, while overlooking interests of CEE movers. Its one-sided approach is further reinforced by referring to irrelevant facts and negative assumptions to create an image of CEE nationals as socially and economically inferior to westerners, as not belonging to the proper EU polity and as not quite deserving of EU law’s protections. By silencing CEE nationals’ voices, while disregarding the background of east/west socio-economic and political power differentials and precariousness experienced by many CEE workers in the west, such racialising discourse normalises ethnicity- and class-based stereotypes. These findings also help to contextualise both EU and western policies targeting CEE movers and evidence of their unequal outcomes in the west, and are in line with today’s nuanced expressions of racisms. By illustrating the ECJ’s role in addressing values pertinent to mobile CEE individuals, this study facilitates a fuller appreciation of the ECJ’s power in shaping and reflecting western-centric EU identity and policies. Engaging with such issues will not only allow us to better appreciate—and question—the ECJ’s legitimacy, but might also facilitate a better understanding of power dynamics within the EU. This study also makes significant theoretical and methodological contributions. It expands (and complicates) the application of postcolonial theory to contemporary intra-EU processes, while illustrating the usefulness of applying critical discourse analysis to exploring differentiation, exclusion, subordination and power within legal language

Heat capacity and phase equilibria of hollandite polymorph of KAlSi 3 O 8

The low-temperature heat capacity ( C p ) of KAlSi 3 O 8 with a hollandite structure was measured over the range of 5–303 K with a physical properties measurement system. The standard entropy of KAlSi 3 O 8 hollandite is 166.2±0.2 J mol −1  K −1 , including an 18.7 J mol −1  K −1 contribution from the configurational entropy due to disorder of Al and Si in the octahedral sites. The entropy of K 2 Si 4 O 9 with a wadeite structure (Si-wadeite) was also estimated to facilitate calculation of phase equilibria in the system K 2 O–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 . The calculated phase equilibria obtained using Perple_x are in general agreement with experimental studies. Calculated phase relations in the system K 2 O–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 confirm a substantial stability field for kyanite–stishovite/coesite–Si-wadeite intervening between KAlSi 3 O 8 hollandite and sanidine. The upper stability of kyanite is bounded by the reaction kyanite (Al 2 SiO 5 ) = corundum (Al 2 O 3 )  + stishovite (SiO 2 ), which is located at 13–14 GPa for 1,100–1,400 K. The entropy and enthalpy of formation for K-cymrite (KAlSi 3 O 8 ·H 2 O) were modified to better fit global best-fit compilations of thermodynamic data and experimental studies. Thermodynamic calculations were undertaken on the reaction of K-cymrite to KAlSi 3 O 8 hollandite +  H 2 O, which is located at 8.3–10.0 GPa for the temperature range 800–1,600 K, well inside the stability field of stishovite. The reaction of muscovite to KAlSi 3 O 8 hollandite + corundum + H 2 O is placed at 10.0–10.6 GPa for the temperature range 900–1,500 K, in reasonable agreement with some but not all experiments on this reaction.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46910/1/269_2006_Article_63.pd

Langattomat kodinohjausjärjestelmät

Tämän opinnäytetyöraportin tarkoituksena on koota tietopaketti, joka kertoo, mitä ovat langattomat kodinohjausjärjestelmät, niiden käyttökohteet ja sovellukset. Kodinohjausjärjestelmissä käytettäviä langattomia teknologioita on monia ja niiden rinnalla on myös käytössä esimerkiksi sähköjohdotuksia hyödyntäviä ratkaisuja. Kodinohjausjärjestelmässä voikin olla myös molemmat osat, langaton ja langallinen, osana systeemiä. Tässä työssä on tarkasteltu pääosin langattomia toteutuksia. Työssä kerrotaan kodinohjausjärjestelmien mahdollisesti toteuttamista ratkaisuista sekä mitä toimintoja ne yleensä ohjaavat kiinteistössä. Näitä osa-alueita on tarkasteltu erikseen ja kerrottu yksityiskohtaisesti millaisia toimintoja ohjauksiin voi kuulua. Toteutuksessa käytetyistä eri tekniikoista ja standardeista työssä esitellään seuraavat: ZigBee, WiFi/WLAN/IEEE 802.11, Z-Wave, X-10 sekä INSTEON. Näiden lisäksi tarkastellaan esimerkkinä Sveitsiläisen Adhoco:n valmistaman kodinohjausjärjestelmän laitteita. Työ on tehty puhtaasti teoria pohjalta, omakohtaisiin laitteisiin ja asennettuihin kodinohjausjärjestelmiin tutustumiseen minulla ei ollut mahdollisuutta

Projektiliiketoiminnan kehittäminen : menestystekijät ja tuottavuus

Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena on toimeksiantajana toimivan yhtiön projektiliiketoiminnan kehittäminen. Työ sisältää tarkastelua projektiliiketoimintaan liittyvästä johtamisesta yleisellä tasolla. Empiirinen osuus käsittelee kehitystarpeita yhtiön projektiliiketoiminnassa ja sitä pohjustaa teoreettisessa viitekehyksessä käsiteltävät aiemmat tutkimukset aiheista. Opinnäytetyön tulokset korostavat sitä, että projektit ovat uniikkeja, jonka vuoksi on haasteellista luoda yleispätevää projektimallia. Tuloksena on tunnistettu tiettyjä organisaation ja projektien menestystekijöitä. Opinnäytetyön tuotoksena on laadittu projektikäsikirja toimeksiantajan käyttöön.The purpose of the present Master’s thesis is to develop the project business of the company that commissioned the thesis. The study includes an overview of project management at a general level. The empirical part consists of a study of the development needs in the company's project business and is based on previous research introduced in the theoretical framework. The results of the thesis emphasize the fact projects are unique, which makes it challenging to create a universal project model. Certain success factors for the organization and projects have been identified in the thesis. The output of the thesis is a project manual for the client company