Isolation and Structural Characterization of Curcuminoids with Spectral and Chromatographic Techniques

Curcuminoids are the active ingredients of Curcuma longa L. and are one of the most researched subjects owing to their biological activities. This study focuses on the structural analysis of curcuminoids isolated from turmeric roots using NMR spectroscopy. Turmeric rhizomes were extracted with methanol and hexane. Curcuminoids were isolated using column chromatography, and preparative HPLC-UV. The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis, and GC-MS as well as NMR. Spectral and physicochemical data showed that isolated curcuminoids (ar-turmeron, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin) were obtained entirely from the turmeric rhizomes. When both isolation methods are compared, it was concluded that the prep-HPLC method is efficient and practical, while column chromatography is cheap and easy. In both methods, efficient and pure curcuminoids could be easily obtained by using the solvent mixtures specified in this study

Biological activities and DNA interactions of aqueous extract of Phlomis linearis (Boiss. & Bal.)

Phlomis linearis Boiss. & Bal. of the Lamiaceae family is one of the endemic species in Turkey, i.e., growing in the east, central, and southeast parts of Anatolia and used for herbal tea. This study was designed to identify the biochemical and bioactivity properties of this endemic species by DPPH scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, total phenolic content, HPLC-DAD analysis, and MTT assay. Furthermore, the plant extract was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi by using the microdilution method. The interactions between extract and plasmid DNA and their restriction endonuclease reactions were investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis. To support our hypothesis, we performed a molecular docking analysis. The DPPH scavenging activity of the plant extract was 53.86 ± 0.50 µg/ml in terms of IC50 value. The IC50 value of the plant extract was determined as 14.71 ± 4.01 mg/ml for metal chelating assay. The phenolic content of the extract was 231.55 ± 2.11 mg/g dry weight expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). HPLC-DAD results revealed that the phenolic compounds were mainly derivatives of rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, luteolin, luteolin-7-glycoside, luteolin derivatives, rutin derivatives, and apigenin derivatives. Besides, the cytotoxic activity of the plant extract against L929 fibroblast, H1299 non-small-cell lung carcinoma, and Caco-2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines was determined by MTT assay. Phenolic content and molecular docking results correlated with each other

The cardioprotective mechanism of phenylaminoethyl selenides (PAESe) against doxorubicin-Induced cardiotoxicity involves frataxin

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline cancer chemotherapeutic that exhibits cumulative dose-limiting cardiotoxicity and limits its clinical utility. DOX treatment results in the development of morbid cardiac hypertrophy that progresses to congestive heart failure and death. Recent evidence suggests that during the development of DOX mediated cardiac hypertrophy, mitochondrial energetics are severely compromised, thus priming the cardiomyocyte for failure. To mitigate cumulative dose (5 mg/kg, QIW x 4 weeks with 2 weeks recovery) dependent DOX, mediated cardiac hypertrophy, we applied an orally active selenium based compound termed phenylaminoethyl selenides (PAESe) (QIW 10 mg/kg x 5) to our animal model and observed that PAESe attenuates DOX-mediated cardiac hypertrophy in athymic mice, as observed by MRI analysis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that DOX impedes the stability of the iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis protein Frataxin (FXN) (0.5 fold), resulting in enhanced mitochondrial free iron accumulation (2.5 fold) and reduced aconitase activity (0.4 fold). Our findings further indicate that PAESe prevented the reduction of FXN levels and the ensuing elevation of mitochondrial free iron levels. PAESe has been shown to have anti-oxidative properties in part, by regeneration of glutathione levels. Therefore, we observed that PAESe can mitigate DOX mediated cardiac hypertrophy by enhancing glutathione activity (0.4 fold) and inhibiting ROS formation (1.8 fold). Lastly, we observed that DOX significantly reduced cellular respiration (basal (5%) and uncoupled (10%)) in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts and that PAESe protects against the DOX-mediated attenuation of cellular respiration. In conclusion, the current study determined the protective mechanism of PAESe against DOX mediated myocardial damage and that FXN is implicitly involved in DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity

Elucidation of Bioactive compounds in flower extracts of Camellia sinensis by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS and their inhibitory effects on replicative bacterial DNA polymerases

Camellia sinensis L. (C. sinensis) is an economically valuable crop whose leaves are used to produce tea. Tea flowers extracts (TFE) have been tested for their DNA polymerase inhibitory effect experimentally and in silico. Antioxidant capacities of TFE were determined by their DPPH radical scavenging activities (RSA), total phenolic acid, and flavonoid contents. While methanol extract and its fractions, except the aqueous fraction, showed strong inhibition on Gram (-) DNA polymerase DnaE, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions showed strong inhibition on Gram (+) DNA polymerase PolC. The fractions had varying degrees of inhibition in tested microorganisms, except Enterococcus faecalis. Bacillus subtilis was the most inhibited microorganism. The binding energies of compounds for both polymerases varied between 5.5 kcal/mol (polC) and - 9.7 kcal/mol (DnaE). Some compounds especially interact with the catalytic aspartic acid amino acids (D973, D975, and D1098) of polC. The ethyl acetate fraction had the best DPPH RSA and the highest total phenolic content. According to HPLC-DADMS/MS analysis, tea catechins corresponded to 58.1% of all phenolics, which comprised 17.9% of the methanol extract. All these results might support the hypothesis of the use of TFE for a potential candidate as a functional food and beverage

Evaluation of monomer elution, microhardness, and roughness of experimental dental composite resins prepared from Bis-EFMA, a novel monomer system

This study aimed to compare the monomer elution, microhardness, and roughness of experimental resin-based composites (RBCs) prepared from a novel monomer system derived from 9,9-Bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene) (Bis-EFMA), bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA), and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) with each other, also with a commercial RBC, 3 M ESPE FiltekTM Z250 (FZ). Experimental Bis-EFMA (ET), Bis-GMA (BT), and UDMA (UT) based composites were prepared (20% Bis-EFMA or 20% Bis-GMA or 20% UDMA, and 20% triethylene glycol dimethacrylate [TEGDMA], and 60% glass filler). 60 specimens were produced (n = 5) and exposed to ethanol solution for 7 days. Then specimens were tested at baseline (T0), first (T1), third (T2), and seventh (T3) days. ET and FZ released significantly lower TEGDMA than other RBCs did (p 0.05). FZ exhibited the highest microhardness at all-time points; besides, the microhardness of BT was lowest at T0, while the microhardness of BT and UT was lower than that of FZ and ET at T1, T2, and T3 (p 0.05). Bis-EFMA, a novel bisphenol A-free monomer system, has the potential to be used in commercial RBCs as a substitute for Bis-GMA in terms of lower monomer elution and higher microhardness.Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University 2019/1-24

Three seasonal comprehensive evaluation process of Digitalis trojana Ivan's phenolics

Sahin, Huseyin/0000-0002-6018-1494; Yazici, Zihni Acar/0000-0003-1603-6545; SANDALLI, Cemal/0000-0002-1298-3687WOS: 000387298100016Digitalis trojana Ivan, a member of Digitalis genus, has highly bioactive properties due to, efficient phenolics. These compounds have shown to convert into each other in a limited time. Seasonal fluctuations of this plant leaves have been studied during the summer season using the high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Caffeic acid in June (2.48 mg/g extract), p-coumaric acid in August (6.69 mg/g extract) and trans-ferulic acid in July (4.85 mg/g extract) were the main compounds in the non-hydrolysed extracts. These compounds were heavily found in the hydrolysed extracts in August (14.63, 18.29 and 5.70 mg/g extracts, respectively). In addition, analysed flavonoids were found to be highest in July. Total phenolic contents were measured spectrophotometrically by using Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent. The spectrophotometrically results were lowest (e.g. 43.50 mg GAE/g extract) in July while those of the hydrolysed extracts were highest (e.g. 167.19 mg GAE/g extract) in June. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Correlation between phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Anzer tea (Thymus praecox Opiz subsp. caucasicus var. caucasicus)

Sahin, Huseyin/0000-0002-6018-1494WOS: 000332189200091Phenolic compounds of Thymus praecox Opiz subsp. caucasicus var. caucasicus were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography equipped with an ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). Quercetin (co-eluting with luteolin) and caffeic acid were among the most abundant compounds identified. in addition syringic, ferulic, p-coumaric, protocatechuic,p-hydroxybenzoic and vanillic acid as well as the flavonoids catechin, epicatechin, and kaempferol were identified and quantified in the plant extracts. Acidic hydrolysis was used to gain additional information on the glycosylation state of the phenolics. Although chromatographic profiles changed considerable upon hydrolysis, quercetin and caffeic acid remained among the most abundant compounds identified. in addition the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities of different tissues were determined and correlations were found between phenolic or flavonoid content and antioxidant property with strongest radical scavenging activity in hydrolyzed flower extracts. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.RIZEBAPRecep Tayyip Erdogan University; TUBITAK BIDEBTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK)Authors would like to thank RIZEBAP for the financial support given to this work. We also thank Prof. Salih Terzioglu for identifying the Thymus genus, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University for supporting us HPLC-UV device and thank to Mustafa Lezgioglu for collecting fresh Thymus praecox Opiz subsp. caucasicus var. caucasicus. the authors (H. Sahin and H. Turumtay) would like to thank TUBITAK BIDEB for the financial support given to them

Characteristics in the whole-genome sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 from Turkey

The study aimed to analyze antibiotic resistance determinants in a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). K. pneumoniae was isolated from a urine sample and it was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing in Turkey. This strain was named as Kpn Rize-53-TR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for seventeen antibiotics by VITEK-2 and the result was confirmed by MIC. The whole genome of isolate was sequenced by lllumina and was analysed by bioinformatic tools for MIST, replicon types, and antimicrobial resistance genes. The whole genome data was submitted to NCBI. The isolate was found to be resistant to all tested beta-lactam antibiotics and the highest MIC values were found for piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam (>= 128). No resistance to colistin and moderate susceptibility to amikacin and tetracycline was observed. The isolate carried 12 resistance genes belonging to 10 resistance classes; ere(A), fosA, oqxtl, cmlA1, aac(a)-IIa, bla(KPC-2), bla(TEM-)(1A), bla(SHV)(-)(67), bla(CTX-M-)(15), bla(OX)(A-1-2-9). Mutations were detected in gyrA (83Y) and parC (80I) genes. Clonal subtype of the isolate was ST147, and it had wzi420 and wzc38 alleles. Its serotype was O3/O3a. The bla(KPC-2) was firstly found in both ST147 clonal group in Turkey and in serotype O3/O3a in the world. By plasmid replicon typing, five plasmids IncEII(K), Col(BS512), IncR, IncFIA(HI1) and IncFIB(pQil) were determined in Kpn Rize-53-TR and bla(KPC)(-2) was located on IncFII(K) plasmid. The presence of bla(K)(PC)(-2) on the plasmid with other resistance genes accelerates its own spread together with other resistance genes

Anthocyanins profiling of Thymus praecox opiz subsp caucasicus var. caucasicus

SANDALLI, Cemal/0000-0002-1298-3687; Yazici, Zihni Acar/0000-0003-1603-6545; k, selvi/0000-0002-9912-8586WOS: 000366065200090Thymus praecox Opiz subsp. caucasicus var. caucasicus (Anzer tea) was studied to determine its anthocyanin content; anthocyanin stability in response to acidic hydrolysis and temperature changes. in this study, anthocyanin profiling of the flowers of T. praecox Opiz subsp. caucasicus var. caucasicus (Anzer tea) were determined for the first time by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). the effect of acidic hydrolysis on the extracts also was examined. While eleven peaks were observed before hydrolysis, they dropped to three peaks including that of cyanidin post-hydrolysis. Beside, cyanidin and pelargonidin were quantified in plant extracts. Since, the amount of cyanidin was greater than the cyanidin equivalent to the other two peaks (1.9 and 8.9 times) in the hydrolyzed extract, it can be concluded that the plant has mainly cyanidin derivatives such as glycosides. the stability of standard cyanidin in methanol with 1% HCl at 18 degrees C during a period of 63 days was determined to be above 78%. on the other hand, the concentration of the frozen and thawed standard (10 times) and samples dropped below 74% and 88%, respectively. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Council of Scientific Research Projects of RTE UniversityWe are grateful to the Council of Scientific Research Projects of RTE University for the financial support given to this work. We also thank Prof. Salih Terzioglu for identifying the Thymus genus and Mustafa Lezgioglu for collecting fresh plant