Comparative Effectiveness of Step-up Therapies in Children with Asthma Prescribed Inhaled Corticosteroids : A Historical Cohort Study

This work was supported by the Respiratory Effectiveness Group. Acknowledgments We thank the Respiratory Effectiveness Group for funding this work, Annie Burden for assistance with statistics, and Simon Van Rysewyk and Lisa Law for assistance with medical writing.Peer reviewedPostprin

Estimation of effective vaccination rate for pertussis in New Zealand as a case study

In some cases vaccination is unreliable. For example vaccination against pertussis has comparatively high level of primary and secondary failures. To evaluate efficiency of vaccination we introduce the idea of effective vaccination rate and suggest an approach to estimate it. We consider pertussis in New Zealand as a case study. The results indicate that the level of immunity failure for pertussis is considerably higher than was anticipated

What are the qualitative experiences of people affected by kidney failure receiving haemodialysis?

Background: People affected by kidney failure receiving haemodialysis experience complexity within their health condition unlike any other chronic illness or condition. Kidney failure impacts the individual in all areas of their life including relationships and activities of daily living. Objective: To conduct a meta‐aggregation of studies about the lived experiences of people with kidney failure receiving haemodialysis. Design: Using PRISMA Guidelines, six databases (CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus) were comprehensively searched using keywords and subject headings from January 1990 to October 2021. Articles were assessed according to prespecified eligibility criteria. Data extraction and quality appraisal was conducted. A meta‐aggregation of qualitative findings was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for meta‐aggregation. Results: Of the 9409 articles screened, 55 studies were included. This represented a total of 188 findings across 45 categories representing a range of unmet supportive care needs. The meta‐aggregation identified 11 synthesised findings broadly related to psychological/emotional needs, physical needs, social needs, interpersonal/intimacy needs, patient‐clinician communication needs, family related needs, health system/information needs, spiritual needs, daily living needs, practical needs and daily living needs. Conclusions: This meta‐aggregation has identified that people affected by kidney failure can experience a range of unmet supportive care needs. It was evident that living with kidney failure and receiving haemodialysis impacted a person's sense of self, introduced practical needs and other complex needs which were not being addressed in existing services. This review has highlighted important implications for clinical practice and future research directions

Identifying the supportive care needs of people affected by non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: an integrative systematic review.

To understand supportive care needs among people with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). An integrative systematic review was reported using the Preformed Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Seven electronic databases were searched for relevant studies, including all quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies, irrespective of research design. The review process was managed by Covidence systematic review software. Two reviewer authors independently performed data extraction using eligibility criteria. Quality appraisal was conducted, and a narrative synthesis was performed. A total of 1129 articles were screened, of which 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings revealed that the frequency of supportive care needs reported by NMIBC participants included psychological/emotional (16/21:76%), physical (16/21:76%), practical (8/21:38%), interpersonal/intimacy (7/21:33%), family-related (7/21:33%), health system/information (5/21:23%), social (4/21:19%), patient-clinician communication (3/21:14%), spiritual (1/21:5%) and daily needs (1/21:5%). People affected by NMIBC experience anxiety, depression, uncertainty, and fear of recurrence. The physical symptoms reported included urinary issues, pain, sleeping disorders and fatigue. These supportive care needs persist throughout the participants' treatment trajectory and can impact their quality of life. Identifying supportive care needs within the NMIBC population will help inform future interventions to provide patient-centred care to promote optimal well-being and self-efficacy for people diagnosed with NMIBC

Recovery practices in Division 1 collegiate athletes in North America

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd Objectives: Establish current practice and attitudes towards recovery in a group of Division-1 Collegiate athletes from North America. Design: A 16-item questionnaire was administered via custom software in an electronic format. Participants: 152 student athletes from a Division-1 Collegiate school across 3 sports (Basketball, American Football, Soccer). Main outcome measures: The approaches and attitudes to recovery in both training and competition. Results: Sleep, cold water immersion (CWI) and nutrition were perceived to be the most effective modalities (88, 84 and 80% of the sample believed them to have a benefit respectively). Over half the sample did not believe in using compression for recovery. With regard to actual usage, CWI was the most used recovery modality and matched by athletes believing in, and using, the approach (65%). Only 24% of student athletes believed in, and used, sleep as a recovery modality despite it being rated and perceived as the most effective. Conclusions: Collectively, there is a discrepancy between perception and use of recovery modalities in Collegiate athletes

Experiences of sexual well-being interventions in males affected by genitourinary cancers and their partners: an integrative systematic review.

Sexual well-being has been identified as an unmet supportive care need among many individuals with genitourinary (GU) cancers. Little is known about the experiences of using sexual well-being interventions among men and their partners. This review was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and followed a systematic review protocol. Data extraction and methodological quality appraisal were performed, and a narrative synthesis was conducted. A total of 21 publications (reporting on 18 studies) were included: six randomised control trials, seven cross-sectional studies, three qualitative studies, and five mixed methods studies. Sexual well-being interventions comprised medical/pharmacological and psychological support, including counselling and group discussion facilitation. The interventions were delivered using various modes: face-to-face, web-based/online, or telephone. Several themes emerged and included broadly: (1) communication with patient/partner and healthcare professionals, (2) educational and informational needs, and (3) timing and/or delivery of the interventions. Sexual well-being concerns for men and their partners were evident from diagnosis and into survivorship. Participants benefited from interventions but many articulated difficulties with initiating the topic due to embarrassment and limited access to interventions in cancer services. Noteworthy, all studies were only representative of men diagnosed with prostate cancer, underscoring a significant gap in other GU cancer patient groups where sexual dysfunction is a prominent consequence of treatment. This systematic review provides valuable new insights to inform future models of sexual well-being recovery interventions for patients and partners with prostate cancer, but further research is urgently needed in other GU cancer populations

Distal-extremity cryotherapy in preventing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy from paclitaxel administration in people affected by breast cancer: a systematic review.

To explore the experiences of utilising distal-extremity cryotherapy in reducing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy during Paclitaxel treatment on physical functioning, clinical and patient-reported outcomes, compared to standard care in people affected by breast cancer. Four databases and one register were searched on 11 April 2023 to identify all relevant studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These were CINAHL (via EBSCOhost), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline (via EBSCOhost), Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection, with no limiters placed on any of the searches. Additionally, relevant systematic reviews were scrutinised for potentially relevant studies for screening. Distal-extremity cryotherapy is a safe intervention with minimal risk for serious adverse events. However, insufficient data supports the mainstay clinical use of cryotherapy in reducing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy from Paclitaxel use within the breast cancer population. Heterogeneity in study design, cryotherapy mode, and measurement tools underscore the need for additional research. Despite limited data on the impact of distal-extremity cryotherapy in preventing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, there are valuable implications for nursing practice arising from this review. Nurses play a vital role in the clinical and experiential journey of people with breast cancer, it is important that they understand the available evidence and act as patient advocates. Assisting patients in understanding current research and encouraging participation in future studies, thereby enhancing our knowledge, and strengthening the available evidence base

Identifying the impact of audit and feedback on the professional role of the nurse and psychological well‐being: an integrative systematic review.

This systematic review aimed to critically synthesis evidence to identify the impact that audit and feedback processes have on the professional role of the nurse and psychological well‐being. Little is known about the extent to which audit and feedback processes can positively or negatively impact the professional role of the nurse and psychological well‐being. An integrative systematic review was conducted. Covidence systematic review software was used to manage the screening process. Data extraction and methodological quality appraisal were conducted in parallel, and a narrative synthesis was conducted. Nurse participation and responsiveness to audit and feedback processes depended on self‐perceived motivation, content, and delivery; and nurses viewed it as an opportunity for professional development. However, audit was reported to negatively impact nurses' psychological well‐being, with impacts on burnout, stress, and demotivation in the workplace. Targeting framing, delivery, and content of audit and feedback is critical to nurses' satisfaction and successful quality improvement