High-intensity exercise in the evening does not disrupt sleep in endurance runners.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of early evening exercise training at different intensities on nocturnal sleep and cardiac autonomic activity in endurance-trained runners. METHODS: Eight runners completed three experimental trials in a randomised, counterbalanced order. In the early evening (end of exercise 3.5 h before bedtime), participants performed either: (i) a 1 h high-intensity interval running session (HIGH, 6 × 5 min at 90% VO2peak interspersed with 5 min recovery); (ii) a 1 h low-intensity running session (LOW, 60 min at 45% VO2peak) or (iii) no exercise (CON). Subsequent nocturnal sleep was assessed using polysomnography, wristwatch actigraphy, and subjective sleep quality. A two-lead electrocardiogram recorded nocturnal cardiac autonomic activity. RESULTS: Total sleep time increased after HIGH (477.4 ± 17.7 min, p = 0.022) and LOW (479.6 ± 15.6 min, p = 0.006) compared with CON (462.9 ± 19.0 min). Time awake was lower after HIGH (31.8 ± 18.5 min, p = 0.047) and LOW (30.4 ± 15.7 min, p = 0.008) compared with CON (46.6 ± 20.0 min). There were no differences between conditions for actigraphy and subjective sleep quality (p > 0.05). Nocturnal heart rate variability was not different between conditions, but average nocturnal heart rate increased after HIGH (50 ± 5 beats min-1) compared with LOW (47 ± 5 beats min-1, p = 0.02) and CON (47 ± 5 beats min-1, p = 0.028). CONCLUSION: When performed in the early evening, high-intensity exercise does not disrupt and may even improve subsequent nocturnal sleep in endurance-trained runners, despite increased cardiac autonomic activity. Additionally, low-intensity exercise induced positive changes in sleep behaviour that are comparable to those obtained following high-intensity exercise

Perceptions of the intergroup structure and anti-Asian prejudice amongst white Australians

Proof oSubjective intergroup beliefs and authoritarianism were assessed in a field study (N= 255) of White Australians’ anti-Asian stereotyping and prejudice. A social identity analysis of intergroup prejudice was adopted, such that perceptions of the intergroup structure (instability, permeability, legitimacy and higher ingroup status) were proposed as predictors of higher prejudice (blatant and covert) and less favorable stereotyping. Consistent with the social identity approach, both independent and interacting roles for sociostructural predictors of Anti-Asian bias were observed, even after demographic and personality variables were controlled. For example, perceived legitimacy was associated with higher prejudice when White Australians’ status position relative to Asian Australians was valued. Moreover, when participants evaluated Whites’ position as unstable and high status or legitimate, perceptions of permeable intergroup boundaries were associated with anti-Asian bias. The present findings demonstrate status protection responses in advantaged group members in a field setting, lending weight to the contention that perceptions of sociostructural threat interact to predict outgroup derogation. Implications for theories of intergroup relations are discussed

Prognostic value of cardiac tests in potential kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review

Background: Whether abnormal myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS), dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) or coronary angiography, performed during preoperative evaluation for potential kidney transplant recipients, predicts future cardiovascular morbidity is unclear. We assessed test performance for predicting all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (to February 2014), appraised studies, and calculated risk differences and relative risk ratios (RRR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using random effects meta-analysis. Results: Fifty-two studies (7401 participants) contributed data to the meta-analysis. Among the different tests, similar numbers of patients experienced MACE after an abnormal test result compared with a normal result (risk difference: MPS 20 per 100 patients tested [95% CI, 0.11-0.29], DSE 24 [95% CI, 0.10-0.38], and coronary angiography 20 [95% CI, 0.08-0.32; P = 0.91]). Although there was some evidence that coronary angiography was better at predicting all-cause mortality than MPS (RRR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49-0.96; P = 0.03) and DSE (RRR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.50-1.02; P = 0.06), noninvasive tests were as good as coronary angiography at predicting cardiovascular mortality (RRR, MPS, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.38-2.10; P = 0.78; DSE, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.12-10.05; P = 0.93), and MACE (RRR: MPS, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.64-1.86; P = 0.74; DSE, 1.56; 95% CI, 0.71-3.45; P = 0.25). Conclusions: Noninvasive tests are as good as coronary angiography at predicting future adverse cardiovascular events in advanced chronic kidney disease. However, a substantial number of people with negative test results go on to experience adverse cardiac events

A Revised Orbital Ephemeris for HAT-P-9b

We present here three transit observations of HAT-P-9b taken on 14 February 2010, 18 February 2010, and 05 April 2010 UT from the University of Arizona's 1.55 meter Kuiper telescope on Mt. Bigelow. Our transit light curves were obtained in the I filter for all our observations, and underwent the same reduction process. All three of our transits deviated significantly (approximately 24 minutes earlier) from the ephemeris of Shporer et al. (2008). However, due to the large time span between our observed transits and those of Shporer et al. (2008), a 6.5 second (2 sigma) shift downwards in orbital period from the value of Shporer et al. (2008) is sufficient to explain all available transit data. We find a new period of 3.922814 +/- 0.000002 days for HAT-P-9b with no evidence for significant nonlinearities in the transit period.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

A Sleep Analysis of Elite Female Soccer Players During a Competition Week

Purpose: (1) To compare the sleep of female players from a professional soccer team to non-athlete controls across an in-season week and (2) to compare the sleep of core and fringe players from the same team on the night after a match to training nights. Methods: Using an observational design, 18 professional female soccer players and 18 female non-athlete controls were monitored for their sleep via wristwatch actigraphy across one week. Independent sample t-tests and Mann Whitney U tests were performed to compare sleep between groups whilst an ANOVA compared sleep on training nights to the night after a match. Results: Soccer players had significantly greater sleep duration than non-athlete controls (+38 min; P = 0.009; d: 0.92), which may have resulted from an earlier bedtime (-00:31 h: min; P = 0.047; d: 0.70). The soccer players also had less intraindividual variation in bedtime than non-athletes (-00:08 h: min; P = 0.023; r: 0.38). Despite this, sleep onset latency was significantly longer within soccer players (+8 min; P = 0.032; d: 0.78). On the night after a match, sleep duration of core players was significantly lower than on training nights (-49 min; P = 0.010; d: 0.77). In fringe players, there was no significant difference between nights for any sleep characteristic. Conclusions: During the in-season period, sleep duration of professional female soccer players is greater than non-athlete controls. However, the night after a match challenges the sleep of players with more match involvement and warrant priority of sleep hygiene strategies

Description of 3 new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) in Namibia

We document morphological descriptions for 3 newly described Eimeria spp. that infect springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis). Eimeria antidorcasi n. sp. oocysts are ovoid, with average size (n 5 346) 26.2 6 18.8 (19.2–33.5 6 13.1– 26.5) mm, a length/width ratio of 1.4 (1.2–2.0), a micropyle, and a polar granule sometimes present. Sporocysts are ovoid (n 5 336), 11.3 6 7.3 (6.0–14.6 6 5.2–9.8) mm, with a length/width ratio of 1.5 (1.1–2.0), a Stieda body, a prominent, ovoid sporocyst residuum, and one refractile body per sporozoite. Eimeria versfeldi n. sp. oocysts are ellipsoid (n 5 136), 38.9 6 26.6 (27.8–48.2 6 21.2–31.0) mm, with a length/width ratio of 1.5 (1.2–2.0), a micropyle cap with submicropylar material, and 2–4 polar granules. Sporocysts are elongate-ovoid (n 5 132), 18.3 6 9.2 (13.2–22.8 6 6.8– 11.2) mm, with a length/width ratio of 2.0 (1.3–2.5), a Stieda body, a small sporocyst residuum present, and an evident nucleus and two refractile bodies per sporozoite. Eimeria gasawayi n. sp. oocysts are subspheroid (n 5 87), 14.8 6 13.6 (11.5–20.0 6 11.1–18.2) mm, with a length/width ratio of 1.1 (1.0–1.2), and no micropyle. Sporocysts are elongate-ovoid (n 5 82), 9.0 6 4.6 (5.5–12.5 6 3.6–6.4) mm, with a length/width ratio of 2.0 (1.3–2.4), a small Stieda body, and an irregularly shaped sporocyst residuum present. These are the first Eimeria spp. described from springbok.This research was conducted as part of a Ph.D. dissertation at the University of California, Berkeley.A Fulbright fellowship, Andrew and Mary Thompson Rocca Scholarships, the Professor Earl Storie Memorial Scholarship, the G. Fitzgarrald Martin Scholarship, and a grant from the Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management to W.C.T., and National Institutes of Health grant GM83863 to W.M.G.http://www.bioone.org/loi/copaam2016Veterinary Tropical Disease

A Robust Determination of the Time Delay in 0957+561A,B and a Measurement of the Global Value of Hubble's Constant

Photometric monitoring of the gravitational lens system 0957+561A,B in the g and r bands with the Apache Point Observatory (APO) 3.5 m telescope during 1996 shows a sharp g band event in the trailing (B) image light curve at the precise time predicted from the observation of an event during 1995 in the leading (A) image with a delay of 415 days. This success confirms the "short delay," and the lack of any feature at a delay near 540 days rejects the "long delay" for this system, resolving a long-standing controversy. A series of statistical analyses of our light curve data yield a best fit delay of 417 +/- 3 days (95% confidence interval). Recent improvements in the modeling of the lens system (consisting of a galaxy and cluster) allow us to derive a value of the global (at z = 0.36) value of Hubble's constant H_0 using Refsdal's method, a simple and direct distance determination based on securely understood physics and geometry. The result is H_0 = 63 +/- 12 km/s/Mpc (for Omega = 1) where this 95% confidence interval is dominated by remaining lens model uncertainties.Comment: accepted by ApJ, AASTeX 4.0 preprint, 4 PostScript figure

The Lantern Vol. 16, No. 3, Spring 1948

• Not So Light • Babba\u27s Luck • Winter Night • God Hath Wrought • Less Than Trivia • What is Progress? • Betrayal • The Key • Journey From a Star • War and Peace • Experiment in Prose Poetry • Dawn • Eternal Question • My Gift • Jazz Fantasy • M.W. Witmerhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1045/thumbnail.jp

RITUAL, TIME, AND ENTERNITY

It is argued here that the construction of time and eternity are among ritual's entailments. In dividing continuous duration into distinct periods ritual distinguishes two temporal conditions: (1) that prevailing in mundane periods and (2) that prevailing during the intervals between them. Differences in the frequency, length, and relationship among the rituals constituting different liturgical orders are considered, as are differences between mundane periods and ritual's intervals with respect to social relations, cognitive modes, meaningfulness, and typical interactive frequencies. Periods, it is observed, relate to intervals as everchanging to never-changing, and close relationships of never changing to eternity, eternity to sanctity, and sanctity to truth are proposed. In the argument that ritual's “times out of time” really are outside mundane time, similarities to the operations of digital computers and Herbert Simon's discussion of interaction frequencies in the organization of matter are noted.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72989/1/j.1467-9744.1992.tb00996.x.pd