Effect of Viscosity on the Characteristic Properties of Solvent Free Patent Finished Leathers

Patent leather is a well-known leather type having a mirror-bright gloss finish and is produced from goat, calf, cattle, and corrected grain crust leathers by the use of patent finishing technique. Due to the emission limitations of volatile organic compounds, now water-based finishing applications are used in leather industry instead of solvent-based systems and still there has been no information in literature to reveal the effect of viscosity on the characteristic properties of patent leathers. Therefore, in the present study, water-based patent leathers differentiated in viscosity were investigated in terms of surface reflectance, tensile strength and elongation at break, to and fro rubbing fastness, distension and strength of surface, heat resistance, flexing resistance, air permeability, colorfastness to water spotting tests and scanning electron microscopy displays prior and subsequent to ageing process. The results of the study revealed that the patent film with 194.46cSt viscosity (S2) viscosity provided comparatively better results

Vertebral Hemangiomas: Yucesoy-Yilmaz Classification System with Corresponding Therapeutic Options

OBJECTIVE: Vertebral hemangiomas (VHs) are relativelycommon, symptomatic benign tumors of the spine with areported estimated incidence up to 11%. They usuallyappear in the body of the vertebrae; however, they canextend into pedicles, laminae, and epidural space. Theymay cause pain, neurologic deficits. and fractures.- METHODS: In this retrospective, single-center study, wereviewed our cases with VH and we propose the novelclassification system that evaluates these lesions per theirviews on magnetic resonance imaging and clinical findings under 4 main categories.- RESULTS: Our novel classification system proposes thatgrade I lesions occupy less than 50% of the vertebral body,whereas grade II lesions occupy more than 50% and gradeIII lesions occupy the whole corpus. Grade IV lesions showan epidural and pedicular extension. We propose thatgrade I lesions may not be worthwhile for follow-up,whereas asymptomatic grade II (a) lesions to be worthyfor a biannual imaging and symptomatic thoracolumbargrade II (b) and thoracolumbar grade III lesions to beconsidered for percutaneous vertebroplasty. We imply thatdecompression, posterior spinal instrumentation, and openvertebroplasty may be performed for thoracolumbar gradeIV lesions. We further consider cervical grade IIb, III, andgrade IV lesions as operable because of the disadvantagesof percutaneous vertebroplasty.- CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that our novel classification system may be useful for the determination of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the management ofVH. Further multicentric trials on larger series arewarranted to validate this system and popularize its utilityin larger populations.</p

Formulas for binomial sums including powers of Fibonacci and Lucas numbers

WOS: 000369178600007Recently Prodinger [2] proved general expansion formulas for sums of powers of Fibonacci and Lucas numbers. In this paper, we will prove general expansion formulas for binomial sums of powers of Fibonacci and Lucas numbers

Gastrointestinal tract metastasis of mandibular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Key Clinical Messag