10,496 research outputs found
The effect of chronic peripheral nesfatin-1 application on blood pressure in normal and chronic restraint stressed rats: Related with circulating level of blood pressure regulators
Nesfatin is a peptide secreted by peripheral tissues, central and peripheral nervous system. It is involved in the regulation of homeostasis. Although the effects of nesfatin-1 on nutrition have been studied widely in the literature, the mechanisms of nesfatin-1 action and also relations with other physiological parameters are still not clarified well. We aimed to investigate the effect of peripheral chronic nesfatin-1 application on blood pressure regulation in normal and in rats exposed to restraint immobilization stress. In our study, three month-old male Wistar rats were used. Rats were divided into 4 groups as Control, Stress, Control+Nesfatin-1, Nesfatin-1+Stress. Angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme 2, angiotensin II, endothelin-1, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, aldosterone, cortisol, nesfatin-1 levels were determined in plasma samples by ELISA. Our results have shown that chronic peripheral nesfatin-1 administration increases blood pressure in normal and in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress. Effect of nesfatin-1 on circulating level of angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme 2, angiotensin II, endothelin-1, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, aldosterone and cortisol has been identified. We can conclude that elevated high blood pressure after chronic peripheral nesfatin-1 administration in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress may be related to decreased plasma level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase concentration
Transformations of -Type Entangled States
The transformations of -type entangled states by using local operations
assisted with classical communication are investigated. For this purpose, a
parametrization of the -type states which remains invariant under local
unitary transformations is proposed and a complete characterization of the
local operations carried out by a single party is given. These are used for
deriving the necessary and sufficient conditions for deterministic
transformations. A convenient upper bound for the maximum probability of
distillation of arbitrary target states is also found.Comment: 7 page
On the Geometric Measures of Entanglement
The geometric measure of entanglement, which expresses the minimum distance
to product states, has been generalized to distances to sets that remain
invariant under the stochastic reducibility relation. For each such set, an
associated entanglement monotone can be defined. The explicit analytical forms
of these measures are obtained for bipartite entangled states. Moreover, the
three qubit case is discussed and argued that the distance to the W states is a
new monotone.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figures, minor content change, references added, 1 figure
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