Reinvestigations of the reactions of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with difunctional primary amines leading to novel dangler, ansa and bridged derivatives. Spectroscopic studies of the derived products

In an extension of the research on the nucleophilic substitution reactions of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (1) with linear aliphatic primary diamines, NH2-(CH2)(n) -NH2 (n = 3, 5, 6 and 8) are surveyed. In the presence of pyridine, NaH and in excess of the used amine as base, at 0 degrees C and room temperature, we subjected the reactions of 1, to a systematic reinvestigation with aliphatic propane-1,3-, pentane-1,5-, hexane-1,6- and octane-1,8-diamines (2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively) and we isolated a total of 18 compounds which include examples of all four structural types (open chain, spiro, ansa and the bino derivatives). The novel synthesized open chain (6), mono-ansa (8a), spiro-ansa (10), single-bridged (12a), double-bridged (13a) and tri-bridged (14a) cyclophosphazene derivatives are reported for the first time. The synthesized compounds are characterized by elemental analysis, MS, FT-IR, H-1 and P-31 NMR spectroscopy. Spectroscopic data, product types and the relative yields are compared with those of the previously reported cyclophosphazene derivatives derived from di-functional nucleophilic reagents. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

The reactions of cyclotriphosphazene with 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethanol. Spectroscopic studies of the derived products

The reactions of cyclotriphosphazene (1) with 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-ethanol (2) were investigated. 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-ethanol (2) is a tri-functional reagent consisting of both aliphatic hydroxyl and the secondary amino groups and its nucleophilic substitution reactions with cylotriphosphazene can lead to different product types; open chain, spiro, ansa, bridged and their mixtures. The reactions with one, two and three equimolar ratios of 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-ethanol, in the presence of NaH at 0–10 °C and at room temperature gave the following cyclotriphosphazene derivatives: one mono-spiro, N3P3Cl4[O–(CH2)2–NH–(CH2)2–O] (3, 1:1, r.t.); its isomer mono-ansa (5, 1:1, r.t.); one dispiro, N3P3Cl2[O–(CH2)2–NH–(CH2)2–O]2 (4, 1:1, r.t.); its isomer spiro-ansa (6, 1:2, r.t.); and one single-bridged compound with spiro substituted units, N3P3Cl3[O–(CH2)2–NH–(CH2)2–O]3N3P3Cl3 (7, 1:3, at 0–10 °C); as well as single-, N3P3Cl5[O–(CH2)2–NH–(CH2)2–O]N3P3Cl5 (8, 1:2, r.t.), double-, N3P3Cl4[O–(CH2)2–NH–(CH2)2–O]2N3P3Cl4 (9, 1:2, r.t.), and tri-bridged, N3P3Cl3[O–(CH2)2–NH–(CH2)2–O]3N3P3Cl3 (10, 1:3, at 0–10 °C) derivatives. Triple-bridged derivative is the major product in this system. The structures of the novel-derived compounds were characterized by TLC-MS, FT-IR, elemental analysis, 1H, and 31P NMR spectral.</p

Hyperspectral target detection - An experimental study

In hyperspectral imaging, the measured spectra are affected by the materials and objects that reside within or in close vicinity of the pixel which is being imaged. The detection of a material or object of interest in an imaged region is a common problem in various application areas. In this work, an experimental study is performed for target detection in hyperspectral images, supported by a performance comparison

Genes that Affect Brain Structure and Function Identified by Rare Variant Analyses of Mendelian Neurologic Disease

Development of the human nervous system involves complex interactions among fundamental cellular processes and requires a multitude of genes, many of which remain to be associated with human disease. We applied whole exome sequencing to 128 mostly consanguineous families with neurogenetic disorders that often included brain malformations. Rare variant analyses for both single nucleotide variant (SNV) and copy number variant (CNV) alleles allowed for identification of 45 novel variants in 43 known disease genes, 41 candidate genes, and CNVs in 10 families, with an overall potential molecular cause identified in >85% of families studied. Among the candidate genes identified, we found PRUNE, VARS, and DHX37 in multiple families and homozygous loss-of-function variants in AGBL2, SLC18A2, SMARCA1, UBQLN1, and CPLX1. Neuroimaging and in silico analysis of functional and expression proximity between candidate and known disease genes allowed for further understanding of genetic networks underlying specific types of brain malformations. VIDEO ABSTRACT.publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Genes that Affect Brain Structure and Function Identified by Rare Variant Analyses of Mendelian Neurologic Disease journaltitle: Neuron articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.048 content_type: article copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.status: publishe

Genes That Affect Brain Structure And Function Identified By Rare Variant Analyses Of Mendelian Neurologic Disease

Development of the human nervous system involves complex interactions among fundamental cellular processes and requires a multitude of genes, many of which remain to be associated with human disease. We applied whole exome sequencing to 128 mostly consanguineous families with neurogenetic disorders that often included brain malformations. Rare variant analyses for both single nucleotide variant (SNV) and copy number variant (CNV) alleles allowed for identification of 45 novel variants in 43 known disease genes, 41 candidate genes, and CNVs in 10 families, with an overall potential molecular cause identified in >85% of families studied. Among the candidate genes identified, we found PRUNE, VARS, and DHX37 in multiple families and homozygous loss-of-function variants in AGBL2, SLC18A2, SMARCA1, UBQLN1, and CPLX1. Neuroimaging and in silico analysis of functional and expression proximity between candidate and known disease genes allowed for further understanding of genetic networks underlying specific types of brain malformations.WoSScopu