Collective instabilities and collisional effects for a 2D model of a beam in a storage ring

We consider a collisional 2D model for a beam in a ring. In the smooth focusing approximation the relaxation time scales according to Landau’s theory, but the p.d.f of momentum jumps has a power law decaying queue. A new hybrid regime is found for the equipartitioning due to the interplay between collisional and collective effects. The moments equations of a small perturbation to the KV distribution are analytically determined and the stability conditions follow from Floquet’s theory

Simulation of the laser-plasma acceleration for the PLASMONX project with the PIC code ALaDyn

In this paper we will briefly introduce laser–plasma acceleration for electrons and present some numerical simulations. The simulations have been performed to find a suitable working point for one of the test experiments of the INFN–CNR PLASMONX project. FLAME (Frascati laser for acceleration and multidisciplinary experiments), a 300 TW Ti:Sa laser, is being installed and commissioned at Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LFN). The first pilot experiment SITE (self-injection test experiment) is planned for this year (2010). The simulations have been run using a fully self-consistent particle-in-cell code AlaDyn (Acceleration by LAser and DYNamics of charged particles) developed and maintained at the Department of Physics at the University of Bologna within the PLAMSONX project

Construindo sistemas distribuídos tolerantes a falhas e eficientes em redes SDN com NFV

Orientador : Elias P. Duarte Jr.Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Informática. Defesa: Curitiba, 15/08/2017Inclui referências : f. 111-117Resumo: Os sistemas de virtualização estão mudando a maneira de projetar e operar as redes de computadores. A Virtualização de Funções de Rede (NFV - Network Function Virtualization) é uma tecnologia emergente que implementa, utilizando técnicas de virtualização, funções de rede tradicionalmente fornecidas em dispositivos de hardware específicos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo tirar proveito destas novas tecnologias para implementar, dentro da própria rede, componentes clássicos para a construção de sistemas tolerantes a falhas. A primeira parte do trabalho descreve implementações de serviços de detecção de falhas. A função virtualizada de rede NFV-FD (FD - Failure Detector) é executada em uma rede SDN (Software Defined Network), utilizando informações disponibilizadas por um controlador e por switches para monitorar o estado de processos e enlaces de comunicação. A NFV-FD foi implementada e seus benefícios são apresentados através de experimentos reportados no trabalho. Foi também implementado um serviço para detecção de falhas para a Internet (IFDS - Internet Failure Detection Service), que pode ser configurado de acordo com as necessidades de QoS (Quality of Service) das aplicações. Em particular, são propostas estratégias que permitem a configuração do IFDS tendo em vista os requisitos de múltiplas aplicações. O IFDS é composto por uma MIB (Management Information Base) SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) denominada f dMIB. Um protótipo do serviço foi implementado e resultados experimentais são apresentados, obtidos tanto em redes locais como na Internet. Outra contribuição desta tese relacionada aos detectores de falhas trata da questão do cômputo do timeout, sendo proposta uma estratégia denominada tuning_ que reajusta o valor do timeout de acordo com os tempos de comunicação observados. Nos experimentos, tuning_ apresentou um excelente desempenho, reduzindo de forma expressiva o número de falsas suspeitas. Em outra contribuição tratamos do problema da sincronização consistente entre múltiplos controladores SDN. Uma função virtualizada de rede denominada de VNF-Consensus, é proposta para garantir a sincronização consistente entre os controladores envolvidos. VNF-Consensus implementa o algoritmo de consenso Paxos e com sua utilização os controladores ficam desacoplados da sincronização. Os experimentos mostraram que utilizando a VNF-Consensus, o plano de controle é sincronizado sem aumentar a carga de trabalho nos controladores. Por último, propomos AnyBone, uma NFV que oferece as primitivas de difusão confiável para garantir a entrega ordenada das mensagens transmitidas na rede. O AnyBone é baseado em um sequenciador que gerencia as transmissões e entrega as mensagens ordenadas aos processos, além de oferecer uma API para as aplicações trocarem mensagens utilizando as primitivas de difusão atômica e confiável. Os resultados experimentais demonstram a eficiência da estratégia proposta, bem como seu custo, em termos da latência da difusão em diferentes cenários, ou seja, variando o número de participantes e o tamanho das mensagens transmitidas. O conjunto de contribuições desta tese permite concluir que é viável utilizar a própria rede para implementar com eficiência componentes clássicos de tolerância a falhas que podem ser disponibilizados como serviços para aplicações distribuídas diversas. Palavras-chave: Função Virtualizada de Rede, Tolerância a Falhas, Sistemas Distribuídos, Redes Definidas por Software.Abstract: Virtualization systems are changing the way networks are designed and deployed. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is an emerging technology that employs virtualization to transform network devices into virtual entities. In this thesis, we take advantage of this technology to implement classical distributed systems abstractions within the network. As a result, we aim to be able to build efficient fault-tolerant distributed applications. Initially, we describe implementations of failure detectors. A virtual network function called NFV-FD (FD stands for - Failure Detector) is implemented in a Software Defined Network (SDN) and uses information obtained from a SDN controller to monitor processes and determine their state. In addition, NFV-FD also provides information about the state of communication links. NFV-FD was implemented and experimental results are reported. We also implemented an Internet Failure Detection Service (IFDS), which can be used to provide the Quality of Service (QoS) level required by the applications. In particular, we proposed two strategies to configure IFDS when multiple processes are monitored with diferent QoS requirements. IFDS was implemented with SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). We have implemented a prototype of the service and experimental results are presented running both on a single LAN and on the Internet. Another contribution of this thesis also related to failure detectors addresses the question of how to compute a precise timeout interval. We propose the tuning strategy that dynamically adjusts the timeout interval in a way that better reflects a varying behavior of the communication channel. Experimental results obtained from running tuning show that the strategy reduces significantly the number of false detections. The next contribution of the thesis refers to achieving consistent synchronization across multiple SDN controllers. In order to ensure consistent synchronization among controllers of a SDN distributed control plane, we propose the virtual network function VNF-Consensus. VNF-Consensus implements the Paxos consensus algorithm so that controllers are decoupled from synchronization tasks. Experimental results show that our solution is able to guarantee a consistent control plane without increasing the number of tasks a controller has to execute. Finally, we propose AnyBone, a VNF that others reliable and atomic broadcast primitives, which ensures that messages are delivered by all the processes and in the same total order. AnyBone relies on a sequencer to manage the transmissions and enforce the order. Furthermore, AnyBone provides an API for applications to be able to employ atomic and reliable broadcast primitives. Experimental results show that AnyBone provides an efficient strategy to ensure the ordered message delivery to all processes. We measured the broadcast latency in diferent scenarios, i. e., increasing the number of processes involved in the communication and also the size of the transmitted messages. By taking into account the results of the contributions of this thesis, we can conclude that it is not only feasible, but also efficient to use the network itself in order to deploy classic fault tolerance abstractions which can be used to build fault-tolerant distributed applications. Keywords: Network Function Virtualization, Fault Tolerance, Distributed Systems, Software Defined Networking

Nonlinear Dynamic System Identification in the Spectral Domain Using Particle-Bernstein Polynomials

System identification (SI) is the discipline of inferring mathematical models from unknown dynamic systems using the input/output observations of such systems with or without prior knowledge of some of the system parameters. Many valid algorithms are available in the literature, including Volterra series expansion, Hammerstein–Wiener models, nonlinear auto-regressive moving average model with exogenous inputs (NARMAX) and its derivatives (NARX, NARMA). Different nonlinear estimators can be used for those algorithms, such as polynomials, neural networks or wavelet networks. This paper uses a different approach, named particle-Bernstein polynomials, as an estimator for SI. Moreover, unlike the mentioned algorithms, this approach does not operate in the time domain but rather in the spectral components of the signals through the use of the discrete Karhunen–Loève transform (DKLT). Some experiments are performed to validate this approach using a publicly available dataset based on ground vibration tests recorded from a real F-16 aircraft. The experiments show better results when compared with some of the traditional algorithms, especially for large, heterogeneous datasets such as the one used. In particular, the absolute error obtained with the prosed method is 63% smaller with respect to NARX and from 42% to 62% smaller with respect to various artificial neural network-based approaches